Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical bacteriological studies on cefotiam and cefsulodin in the field of otorhinolaryngology were carried out and the following results were obtained. 1) Aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were dominantly isolated from the clinical materials sent to the center from the clinical institutes. 2) It was considered that Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and beta-Streptococcus played an important role in the primary infections in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Staphylococcus aureus was also frequently isolated from the primary infections. Peptostreptococcus spp. was dominantly isolated from peritonsillar abscess. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were mainly isolated from the chronic secondary infections. Among GNB, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. were more frequently isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was also constantly detected in the secondary infections together with GNB. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 20.1% of the patients with chronic otitis media and 27.1% of sinusitis. 3) Cefotiam showed potent antibacterial activities against most isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 4) Cefsulodin showed potent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus and beta-Streptococcus were also susceptible to cefsulodin.
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PMID:[Clinical bacteriological studies on cefotiam and cefsulodin in the field of otorhinolaryngology]. 629 Jul 5

The antimicrobial activity of cefmenoxime (CMX) against clinical isolated organisms was measured; CMX was more active than cefotiam and cefazolin against Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. The serum concentrations of CMX following intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 25.6, 10.3, 3.0 micrograms/ml at 30, 60, 120 minutes after injection, respectively. CMX was excreted 60.9% in urine within 6 hours after injection. CMX was administered clinically to 22 pediatric patients with various infections (respiratory tract infection 16 including 1 pyothorax, urinary tract infection 4, tonsillitis with sinusitis 2) at the dose of 39 approximately 96 mg/kg/day for 4 approximately 9 days, and the following satisfactory results were obtained; excellent in 11, good in 9, and poor in 2. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 90.9%. Eosinophilia 2 cases, slight elevation of transaminase 3 cases, slight elevation of BUN 1 case and transient diarrhea 1 case were observed. But no other serious side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in pediatric infections]. 630 97

Fifty-two children hospitalized in the Pediatric service of a general hospital between January 1978 and December 1979 were found to be infected with Haemophilus influenzae or para-influenzae (43 with H. influenzae and 9 with para-influenzae). Most of these children (34/52) were less than 4 years of age. The localizations of infections were as follow: 5 meningitis with satisfactory resolution except for 1 who developed slight deafness, 1 epiglotitis, 11 pneumonias or bronchopneumonias, 1 arthritis, 10 otitis medias, 6 conjunctivitis, 3 sinusitis, 10 upper airway infections and 1 neonatal infection. On 8 of these cases the patients were felt to be carriers of H. influenzae or para-influenzae, the signs and symptoms beeing not related to these bacteria. These results are compared with those found in the literature.
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PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae and parainfluenzae in children. A retrospective study of 52 cases]. 634 38

Antibiotics were prescribed for 60% of 1538 patients who consulted a community care centre due to respiratory tract infections. Potential respiratory tract pathogens (betahaemolytic streptococci group A, C, G, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci) were isolated from almost half (46%) of the patients. The prescribing of antibiotics was correlated to the isolation of potentially pathogenic bacteria, except for patients with pharyngitis, sinusitis and bronchitis. Betahaemolytic streptococci group A were isolated from 14% of the patients. Recurrence of group A streptococcal infection occurred within 3 months in 24% of patients harbouring such bacteria at the first visit. Poststreptococcal subclinical acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) was diagnosed in 9 (4%) of 220 patients with group A streptococci. The patients with AGN had been treated with antibiotics significantly later than patients without signs of AGN.
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PMID:Respiratory tract infections at a community care centre--with emphasis on group A streptococci. 635 80

Antibiotics account for 15 percent to 20 percent of all new and refill prescriptions issued in ambulatory community practice. Antibiotic-prescribing practices in our emergency room for common outpatient infections-pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media, cellulitis, cutaneous abscesses and pneumonia-were evaluated. Antibiotic selection was compared with recommendations representing current standards for care, and the cost of each was approximated. Antibiotic agents were judged to be overused in patients with pharyngitis, bronchitis and cutaneous abscesses. Patients who had acute sinusitis and otitis media often did not receive antibiotics or received an antibiotic not active against Hemophilus influenzae. A simple audit of antimicrobial drug usage for common outpatient infections proved to be a cost-effective way to identify excessive or inappropriate drug use. This approach could be used for evaluating the use of other drugs, and the results of these evaluations could serve to focus continuing educational programs.
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PMID:Patterns of antibiotic use in a busy metropolitan emergency room: analysis of efficacy and cost-appropriateness. 641 May 88

As a result of conducting experimental and clinical tests with the newly developed cephalosporin, cefoperazone (CPZ), the following conclusions were obtained: (1) When tested against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 16 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the antibacterial activity of CPZ was found to be weaker than that of CEZ. Against 5 strains of A-beta-Streptococcus and 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, both CPZ and CEZ exhibited similar excellent antibacterial activity. CPZ was effective against 18 strains of Escherichia coli though its activity was influenced by the amount of inoculated bacteria present. Against 15 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 10 strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, CPZ was found to be more effective than CEZ though several high-resistant strains were noted. CPZ also showed more excellent antibacterial activity than CEZ against 4 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 strains of Salmonella sp., 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 strains of Proteus sp. (2) The mean half-life in the blood following intravenous injections of 25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CPZ to three children was 70 minutes. (3) One hour after intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg of CPZ to 3 cases of aseptic meningitis, drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 1.20 mcg/ml, less than 0.39 mcg/ml and 1.55 mcg/ml. In one case, the CSF/serum ratio was 2.7%. (4) The average recovery rate in the urine of children who had received intravenous administrations of 25 mg/kg (3 children) and 10 mg/kg (1 child) was 17.8% between 0 and 6 hours. (5) Eighteen pediatric patients received CPZ in doses ranging from 48 to 170 mg/kg divided three-four times a day. They were RTI in 7, URI in 5, UTI in 5, SSSS in 1 and enteritis in 1 children. The clinical effectiveness of CPZ was judged to be remarkedly effective in 11 children, effective in 5 children and ineffective in 3 children, with an overall effective rate of 84.2%. One patient of tonsillitis combined sinusitis was considered 2 cases. The three cases in which the drug was found to e ineffective were 2 cases of pyothorax and 1 case of sinusitis. (6) Side effects were 1 case of eosinophilia, 2 cases of elevation of GOT and GPT, and 1 case of mild elevation of GOT. All were considered to be minor.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefoperazone in children (author's transl)]. 645 30

Most patients with sinusitis are treated by general practitioners. Since these doctors generally do not puncture the maxillary sinus, they can not be certain that the patient has a purulent sinus infection, which is the most important sign for determining whether or not the patient should have an antibiotic. Thus, the doctor has to rely on symptoms that are most characteristic of a purulent sinusitis. The symptoms are described and the bacteria most frequently seen in sinusitis are mentioned (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and anaerobic bacteria). Treatment of maxillary sinusitis should primarily consist of restoring the normal milieu within the sinus by antral puncture and lavage. Penicillin V is still the first antibiotic drug of choice, because of its effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. In therapeutic failure, aeration of the maxillary sinus is first recommended. Cefaclor, tetracyclines or trimethoprim are recommended in patients allergic to penicillins. The agents are also recommended when beta-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis are isolated.
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PMID:Treatment of maxillary sinusitis. 658 Jul 35

In this introductory presentation, the bacteriology of acute otitis media, sinusitis and orofacial infections is surveyed, and recent data on antibiotic resistance of the most common pathogenic bacteria are reported. In addition, the difference in the immunogenic effect of capsular polysaccharides from pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae in children of different ages is mentioned. In acute otitis media and sinusitis, pneumococci and H. influenzae are the most common isolates followed in frequency by Branhamella catarrhalis and streptococci group A. It should be emphasized that the average relative risk of otitis media with effusion is much higher in children with viral respiratory infections than in children with nasopharyngeal colonization with pneumococci or H. influenzae. Anaerobic bacteria are the most common causes of odontogenic infections. Penicillin remains the most active of the currently available antibiotics against streptococci group A. Resistance to penicillin of clinical isolates has still not been documented, although resistance may occur to erythromycin and tetracycline. In pneumococci isolates obtained in Sweden, a relative resistance to penicillin occurs in a low percentage. They may also be resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline. The frequency of beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae has been followed nation-wide in Sweden during recent years. The mean frequency varies around 3-4% with local and seasonal peaks up to 12%. The majority of the H. influenzae isolates in Sweden are not fully sensitive to erythromycin, but resistance to chloramphenicol occurs. Most strains (including beta-lactamase producing) are sensitive to co-trimoxazole, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefotriaxone and cefaclor. Over 40% of clinical isolates of B. catarrhalis in Sweden produce beta-lactamase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bacteriological aspects of infections of the upper respiratory tract. 658 Jul 37

Delayed hypersensitivity (dh) skin test reactivity to a somatic antigen of Haemophilus influenzae was studied in 21 patients with unexplained, chronically relapsing, purulent upper respiratory tract infections. Only 2 showed a dh reactivity comparable to that of healthy controls. A majority--15 patients--had a defective dh response, whereas 4 showed exaggerated reactivity leading to necrosis of the test site and general feelings of malaise. Not only was the dh reactivity to somatic H. influenzae antigen affected, but also that to streptokinase/streptodornase and candidal antigen in most cases, though to a lesser extent. Skin test reactivity to the mitogen PHA was normal as were the dh skin test reactivities in 4 out of 5 control patients with mucous atopic rhinitis/sinusitis and 2 cases of nasal suppuration due to disturbed mucociliary transport. Delayed hypersensitivity skin test disorders were associated with elevated ratios of OKT4 + /OKT8 + peripheral lymphoid cells. In addition a high incidence of atopy and thyroid autoimmunity was evident in patients as well as in their first-degree relatives. A negative lymphocyte proliferative response to somatic H. influenzae antigen was found in 3 of our patients. These results suggest that unexplained, chronically relapsing upper respiratory tract infections might be based on restricted T-cell defects to H. influenzae, streptococcal, and candidal antigens. Such defects are reminiscent of the T-cell immune disorders to fungi playing a role in some cases of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
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PMID:Abnormalities in cell-mediated immune functions to Haemophilus influenzae chronic purulent infections of the upper respiratory tract. 660 18

The bacteriostatic activity in vitro of co-trimoxazole (SMZ-TMP); ampicillin, tetracycline and oleandomycin was evaluated against 225 bacterial strains. All the strains (49 Pneumococci, 49 Haemophilus, 41 Streptococci and 86 Staphylococcus aureus) were isolated from sinusitis (63 strains) and otitis (162 strains) in monomicrobial samples. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the 4 antibiotics were determined by the agar diffusion method on all strains. Moreover MICs of SMZ-TMP were determined by the broth dilution method on Haemophilus strains. Seventy seven p. cent of the strains were found sensitive to SMZ-TMP, 70.7% to ampicillin, 85.4% to tetracycline and 73% to oleandomycin. SMZ-TMP was the most effective on Staphylococcus aureus (80% of the isolates were sensitive), whereas ampicillin was effective on all Streptococcus, and Pneumococcus strains and tetracycline was the most active on Haemophilus strains (88% of the isolates were sensitive).
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PMID:[Comparative activity of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) on bacteria responsible for ORL infections]. 661 36


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