Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight hundred and fifty-four piglets which died or were euthanized due to pneumonia or rhinitis atrophicans, were investigated during the period of 1986-1990. Of the animals, 569 showed bronchopneumonia, 218 had pleuritis, pericarditis and peritonitis, 165 had rhinitis atrophicans, 58 pleuropneumonia, and 9 animals had fibrinous pneumonia. Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella haemolytica were isolated in 59.1%, 29.5%, 27.8%, 3.7%, and 2.3% cases of bronchopneumonia respectively. Samples from pigs with pleuritis or rhinitis atrophicans showed Pasteurella multocida in 63.8 and 68.5%, Bordetella bronchiseptica in 28.4 and 39.4%, streptococci in 28.9 and 3.9%, Haemophilus parasuis in 25.2% and 20.6%, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in 5.1 and 5.5%, and Pasteurella haemolytica in 3.2 and 3.0%, respectively Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was found in 51 of 58 cases of pleuropneumonia and in 5 of 9 cases of fibrinous pneumonia; 55.6% and 44.4% respectively of those forms of pneumonia were positive for Pasteurella multocida. In the agar diffusion test, 36.8-82.6% of bacterial isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, 7.7-45.5% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 5.7-44.6% to tetracycline, 0.2-32.8% to ampicillin, 0.0-16.3% to lincospectin, 2.0-81.2% to furazolidone, 0.4-4.5% to chloramphenicol, 1.3-78.1% to penicillin and 0-0.3% to enrofloxacin.
 ...
PMID:[Occurrence and drug resistance of bacteria pathogenic to the lungs from autopsy material of swine]. 148 Dec 14

Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common diseases encountered in office pediatrics. The majority of these illnesses, including the common cold and pharyngitis, are viral in etiology, present with rhinitis and fever, and are self-limited and benign. Management consists of fluids, rest, saltwater nose drops and analgesics. Antihistamines appear to relieve only those symptoms potentiated by allergy. With the exception of streptococcal pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections do not require antibiotic therapy. However, otitis media and sinusitis, which sometimes are difficult to diagnose, are markedly improved by antibiotics that cover Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. In 10 percent of children, otitis media and sinusitis are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy. For these patients, referral to an otolaryngologist, myringotomy, placement of tympanostomy tubes or a short trial of prednisone may be efficacious.
 ...
PMID:An approach to pediatric upper respiratory infections. 195 Sep 81

One hundred fifty-four children with recurrent or chronic infections of the lower respiratory tract compatible with the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) were evaluated for the presence of ultrastructural ciliary abnormalities. Studies were performed on multiple samples of respiratory mucosa obtained by nasal and bronchial brushing. Twenty-eight children showed ultrastructural ciliary defects compatible with the diagnosis of PCD: Twenty-four presented dynein arm deficiency (either as isolated defect or in association with microtubular abnormalities), two had ciliary aplasia, and two showed microtubular abnormalities. Eleven patients with PCD had situs viscerum inversus, bronchiectasis, and chronic sinusitis (Kartagener's syndrome); one child with Kartagener's syndrome had normal ciliary structure. The appearance of respiratory symptoms within the first month of life, the colonization by Haemophilus influenzae, and a history of recurrent rhinitis and otitis were characteristically present in children with PCD. The clinical status of those patients who reached adolescence was, in our experience, remarkably good. An early diagnosis with adequate prevention and therapy of respiratory infections may have an important role in minimizing irreversible lung damage.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural ciliary defects in children with recurrent infections of the lower respiratory tract. 200 40

With the exception of a few consistent pathogens--Pasteurella multocida strains of bovine hemorrhagic septicemia and fowl cholera, Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus aegyptius and Haemophilus paragallinarum--members of the family Pasteurellaceae are commensal parasites on mucous membranes of vertebrate animals. Many have pathogenic potential, which becomes manifest under conditions of immunodeficiency and stress. Pathogenesis (except in porcine atrophic rhinitis) depends on mobilization of inflammatory responses probably in large part by endotoxin with contributions from protein toxins, which interfere with leukocyte activity and, by their cytotoxicity, cause exacerbation of the inflammatory reaction. Disease patterns include pneumonic/septicemic, upper respiratory and local/traumatic. Acquired resistance is chiefly antibody-dependent, and, with current and emerging biotechnical resources, stands a good chance of being artificially achievable for many important diseases attributed to Pasteurellaceae.
 ...
PMID:Our understanding of the Pasteurellaceae. 219 10

Cefdinir (CFDN), a new oral cephalosporin, was administered to 10 patients with various infections and the following results were obtained. 1. Clinical responses in 10 patients (1 patient with rhinitis, 2 with sinusitis, 1 with pharyngitis, 1 with tonsillitis, 4 with scarlet fever and 1 with abscess) were excellent in 6 and good in 4 with an efficacy rate of 100%. 2. Eleven species of bacteria were isolated (3 of Staphylococcus aureus, 6 of Streptococcus pyogenes and 2 of Haemophilus influenzae) and all of them were eradicated by the treatment with CFDN. 3. No side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were noted. None of the patients refused to take the drug.
 ...
PMID:[A clinical evaluation of cefdinir in pediatric infections]. 228 13

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of sulfonamides were determined against Bordetella bronchiseptica (n = 10), Pasteurella multocida (n = 10), Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (n = 20), and Streptococcus suis (n = 10) strains isolated from pigs with atrophic rhinitis, pneumonia, or meningitis. Sulfonamides tested in an agar dilution method were sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfadoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfanilamide, sulfatroxazole, and sulfisomidine. Results indicated that monotherapy of S suis infections with sulfonamides should not be encouraged because the MIC50 of all sulfonamides investigated was greater than 32 micrograms/ml. The MIC50 of the sulfonamides against B bronchiseptica ranged from 0.5 to 8 micrograms/ml, against P multocida from 2 to 32 micrograms/ml, and against H pleuropneumoniae from 8 to 64 micrograms/ml. The MIC50 of sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethoxazole for the gram-negative bacteria did not exceed 16 micrograms/ml. Among these compounds, sulfamethoxazole had the highest activity. The frequently prescribed sulfamethazine had an overall low antimicrobial activity.
 ...
PMID:In vitro antimicrobial activity of sulfonamides against some porcine pathogens. 277 19

The mechanisms by which bacteria colonize and damage ciliated epithelium are important in understanding the pathophysiology of rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis. Bacteria that have the ability to impair mucociliary clearance would be at an advantage in establishing infection of ciliated surfaces. This study investigates the effect of Hemophilus Influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis on the ciliary activity of normal ciliated nasal epithelium in human beings. Ciliary activity of the nasal epithelium in the presence of each pathogen was assessed for more than 240 minutes with a photometric method of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) measurement. H. influenzae exerted significant effects on ciliary activity, with a 46% decrease in the CBF by 4 hours (with bacteria-containing broth) and a 32% decrease with bacteria-free filtrate. S. epidermidis decreased CBF by 44% with the bacterial broth. A sterile cell-free filtrate had no significant effect. S. pneumoniae and B. catarrhalis had no significant effect on CBF within a 240-minute period. H. influenzae and S. epidermidis disrupted normal synchronous ciliary motion, causing adjacent cilia to beat at different rates.
 ...
PMID:The effects of sinus bacteria on human ciliated nasal epithelium in vitro. 313 82

Infectious pneumonias are inflammations of the lung that can be localized in the alveoli or interstitial tissue or both. The pathogenic agent is usually airborne; more rarely it is hematogenous. Important distinctions are between bacterial and nonbacterial forms, between diseases acquired outside and inside hospitals, and between patients who are basically healthy and those with a previous illness. Pneumococci continue to be the dominant pathogens outside hospitals. In hospitals, gram-negative, anaerobic, and fungal pathogens are more often found. Usually, purulent chronic bronchitis or an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis is based on a prior viral infection or an impairment of bacterial clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract. The dominant pathogens are Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci. Worldwide, viral infections of the upper respiratory tract have great epidemiological significance. With 12 different groups of viruses and more than 150 serotypes, there can be many causes of symptoms of rhinitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tracheitis as well as bronchitis.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory infection: the disease. 407 65

Delayed hypersensitivity (dh) skin test reactivity to a somatic antigen of Haemophilus influenzae was studied in 21 patients with unexplained, chronically relapsing, purulent upper respiratory tract infections. Only 2 showed a dh reactivity comparable to that of healthy controls. A majority--15 patients--had a defective dh response, whereas 4 showed exaggerated reactivity leading to necrosis of the test site and general feelings of malaise. Not only was the dh reactivity to somatic H. influenzae antigen affected, but also that to streptokinase/streptodornase and candidal antigen in most cases, though to a lesser extent. Skin test reactivity to the mitogen PHA was normal as were the dh skin test reactivities in 4 out of 5 control patients with mucous atopic rhinitis/sinusitis and 2 cases of nasal suppuration due to disturbed mucociliary transport. Delayed hypersensitivity skin test disorders were associated with elevated ratios of OKT4 + /OKT8 + peripheral lymphoid cells. In addition a high incidence of atopy and thyroid autoimmunity was evident in patients as well as in their first-degree relatives. A negative lymphocyte proliferative response to somatic H. influenzae antigen was found in 3 of our patients. These results suggest that unexplained, chronically relapsing upper respiratory tract infections might be based on restricted T-cell defects to H. influenzae, streptococcal, and candidal antigens. Such defects are reminiscent of the T-cell immune disorders to fungi playing a role in some cases of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
 ...
PMID:Abnormalities in cell-mediated immune functions to Haemophilus influenzae chronic purulent infections of the upper respiratory tract. 660 18

A long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was evaluated for control of rhinitis induced experimentally in pigs with a capsular type A, toxin-negative, low-passage strain of Pasteurella multocida. The pigs were 6 to 7 weeks old and were naturally infected with Haemophilus parasuis. The H parasuis infection was thought to predispose to establishment of P multocida in the nasal cavity. A long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was given IM at the rate of 20 mg/kg, 4 times at 5-day intervals. Medication reduced (P less than 0.05) the severity of turbinate atrophy and the proportion of pigs with P multocida and H parasuis in their nasal cavities. Numbers of colonies of P multocida and H parasuis isolated were also less in medicated pigs.
 ...
PMID:Long-acting oxytetracycline for control of induced Pasteurella multocida rhinitis in swine. 661 71


1 2 3 Next >>