Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Purulent bronchitis was identified in 19 of 422 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy during a 32-month period because of suspicion of an opportunistic lung infection complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Five patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but other opportunistic lung infections were excluded in the remaining 14 patients. Characteristics of these 14 patients included fever (greater than 38.3 degrees C), cough, and dyspnea in 14 of 14 patients; purulence of expectorated sputum (11/14); and widened alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (13/14). Rapid (2 +/- 1.4 days) clinical response (defervescence and resolution of pulmonary symptoms) occurred with antibiotic therapy in 10 of 14 patients. In three patients, there was no improvement, and adult respiratory distress syndrome developed. Bacterial isolates from bronchoalveolar lavage included Streptococcus viridans (n = 12), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 7), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3). Roentgenographic features of bronchiectasis were present in seven patients. Differential cell counts revealed greater than 50% neutrophils in the bronchial washings of all patients with purulent bronchitis. Neutrophil percentages in bronchoalveolar lavage were as follows: patient with purulent bronchitis without P carinii pneumonia (n = 14), 54.53% +/- 29.18%; patients with purulent bronchitis and concomitant P carinii pneumonia (n = 5), 62% +/- 31.9%. In a control group of 17 patients with P carinii pneumonia who did not have purulent bronchitis, the neutrophil percentage was 6.8% +/- 6.17% (p = less than 0.00001, t-test). Purulent bronchitis appears to be a distinct, treatable entity in patients with HIV infection and may accompany bacterial pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and P carinii pneumonia.
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PMID:Bronchitis mimicking opportunistic lung infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDS. 151 86

Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in 38 patients who were treated with either antilipid A antibody or a placebo for presumed gram-negative bacteremia. Sixteen of the 38 patients had positive blood cultures: 14 with gram-negative rods and 2 with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Initial serum samples for TNF determinations were obtained within 2 to 72 hours (mean, 18.8 hours) after the onset of clinical signs of sepsis. Six (16%) of 38 patients had detectable TNF levels: 4 of 14 with positive blood cultures for gram-negative rods but only 2 of 22 with negative blood cultures (odds ratio, 4; 95% confidence limits, 0.5 and 24.3). Of the 6 patients, 4 had received the placebo and 2 had received the antibody. Tumor necrosis factor levels did not predict adult respiratory distress syndrome, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure, or mortality. The highest TNF levels (500 and 250 pg/mL) were observed in 2 patients with Enterobacter cloacae bacteremia who had received the placebo and antilipid A antibody, respectively. The other 2 patients with bacteremia and detectable TNF levels had positive blood cultures for Haemophilus influenzae (50 pg/mL) and Bacteroides fragilis (120 pg/mL), respectively. Despite negative blood cultures, the remaining 2 patients repeatedly had detectable TNF levels and a clinical picture consistent with gram-negative sepsis.
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PMID:Plasma tumor necrosis factor levels in patients with presumed sepsis. Results in those treated with antilipid A antibody vs placebo. 230 78

Four adult patients had life-threatening soft-tissue infections of the neck. One had Hemophilus influenzae infection, one had Streptococcus pyogenes infection, and two had polymicrobial mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections. Three of the four patients died despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention. These cases demonstrate the spectrum of serious soft-tissue infections of the neck in both the compromised and the uncompromised host. Soft-tissue infections of the neck may be necrotizing or nonnecrotizing. Cellulitis secondary to H. influenzae and beta-hemolytic streptococci is usually non-necrotizing, whereas necrotizing infections are caused most commonly by synergistic organisms. Potential complications include septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, mediastinitis, and pericarditis. Early recognition with aggressive medical and surgical therapy is essential to reduce the mortality.
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PMID:Life-threatening soft-tissue infections of the neck. 636 10

Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of acute childhood pneumonia. Most Haemophilus pneumonia generally follow a benign course with occasional complications of pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pneumatocele. Deaths following invasive Haemophilus pneumonia have rarely been reported in children older than 3 years of age. We report 2 deaths in children presenting with fulminant pneumonia, complicated by sepsis and adult respiratory distress syndrome despite vigorous antibiotic therapy and full resuscitative measures.
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PMID:Fatal Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia: two cases report. 939 19

A previously healthy 31-month-old male child became acutely ill with dyspnea and high fever 48 h after admission for acute bronchitis. He experienced sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome throughout the subsequent hospitalization, eventually expiring despite aggressive treatment with antibiotics and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Blood cultures yielded ampicillin-resistant non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fatal non-typeable H. influenzae sepsis and ARDS in a child without an underlying predisposing condition.
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PMID:Fatal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae sepsis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome: case report and literature review. 1630 33

The published literature on bacterial tracheitis is limited. We report the first multi-centre study of bacterial tracheitis together with a concise review of the literature. We conducted a retrospective study of cases admitted during the period 1993-2007 to 3 tertiary paediatric centres in the United Kingdom and 1 in Australia. A total of 34 cases were identified. 31 patients (91%) required intubation. Complications included cardiorespiratory arrest in 1, ARDS in 1, hypotension in 10, toxic shock syndrome in 1 and renal failure in 1 patient(s). Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly implicated bacterial organism, isolated from the respiratory tract in 55.8% of the cases overall. Other pathogens commonly isolated from the respiratory tract included Streptococcus pyogenes (5.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (11.8%) and Haemophilus influenzae (11.8%). Viral coinfection was identified in 9 (31%) of the 29 cases in whom immunofluorescence testing was performed (influenza A in 4 cases; parainfluenza 1 in 2 cases; parainfluenza 3 in 2 cases; adenovirus in 1 case). The combined experience from 4 major paediatric intensive care units suggests that bacterial tracheitis remains a rare condition with an estimated incidence of approximately 0.1/100,000 children per year. Short-term complications were common but long-term sequelae were rare. There were no fatal outcomes, which contrasts with the high historical mortality rates and likely reflects improvements in intensive care management.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis: a multi-centre perspective. 1940 34

Infective endocarditis is a life threatening condition with a high mortality rate. Intravenous Drug Abusers (IVDA) are more likely to acquire endocarditis. Most of the cases of infective endocarditis are caused by a single pathogen; cases of polymicrobial endocarditis are rare and they are associated with a reported mortality rate of more than 30%. Only 21 cases of N. sicca endocarditis have been described in the literature since 1918, and only 15 reported cases of endocarditis which involved Actinomyces species have been reported since 1939. We are reporting a case of a 49-year-old male with intravenous heroin and fentanyl abuse, who presented with infective endocarditis caused by Neisseria sicca/subflava(N. sicca), Actinomyces, Streptococcus mitis, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, complicated by septic emboli to the lungs and skin, ARDS , splenic infarct and immunocomplex mediated proliferative glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Polymicrobial endocarditis in intravenous heroin and fentanyl abuse. 2455 99