Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 41 patients, all admitted to hospital because of acute purulent exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease, were treated with either doxycycline or minocycline in a double-blind randomized study. Drug dosage was one 100 mg capsule twice daily for seven days. Bacteriological and clinical assessment before and immediately after treatment showed no significant differences between the doxycycline and the minocycline groups, nor did further evaluation after seven days follow-up. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the Cmax and 0-11 h AUC values in blood were higher for doxycycline, whereas the sputum Cmax was, on average, higher for minocycline because of the greater penetration of the latter. The MIC values for the two antibiotics differed slightly, usually, but not always, in favour of minocycline. Problems were experienced with both agents in the eradication of Haemophilus influenzae. The net clinical results with the two drugs were identical.
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PMID:Doxycycline and minocycline in the treatment of respiratory infections: a double-blind comparative clinical, microbiological and pharmacokinetic study. 250 Dec 65

A pure culture of Mycoplasma (M.) bovis was isolated from calves with respiratory disease, exhibiting the picture of lymphohistiocytic proliferative pneumonia with presence of eosinophil plasmatic cells. A mixed infection of M. bovis and Pasteurella (P.) multocida was demonstrated in calves with exudative pneumonia. Both M. bovis and Haemophilus (H.) somnus were recovered from calves with necrotic pneumonia. All 3 organisms--M. bovis, P. multocida, and H. somnus--were present in cases of exudative-necrotic pneumonia. It was also shown that M. bovis played a primary role in the aetiopathogenesis of respiratory diseases caused by mixed infections.
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PMID:On the aetiopathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumonia in calf. 261 60

The authors examined bacteria to confirm the pathogenesis of sinobronchial syndrome (SBS). There were several theories such as the pus-descending, the pus-ascending, the coinciding theory and so on. Detection of bacteria was performed in SBS patients, empyema patients with no lower respiratory disease, and healthy adults. Considering SBS bacteriologically from the obtained results, the authors consider that internal infections of aerobic gram-negative bacteria of the normal flora mainly including Haemophilus influenzae possibly develop in two directions, downward and upward (into nasal cavities) from the pharynx, and so the pathogenesis of SBS might not be explained satisfactorily by either the ascending or the descending theory alone.
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PMID:Clinical study on bacteria detected in the upper and lower respiratory tracts in patients with sinobronchial syndrome. 263 74

Chronic bronchitis remains as a serious medical problem for many adults and a smaller proportion of children in the United States. The frequency of severe lower respiratory infections in patients with chronic bronchitis is quite variable. The infectious agents most likely responsible for severe lower respiratory disease include pneumococci, nontypable Haemophilus influenza, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Branhamella catarrhalis among the bacteria, and influenza A and B viruses, with parainfluenza and adenoviruses less common. Prophylactic antibiotics, particularly tetracycline and derivatives, were the only drugs suggesting efficacy in controlled trials for decreasing exacerbation, but many studies failed to show efficacy. Killed influenza vaccines should be used annually in any patient with chronic bronchitis. Pneumococcal vaccine has had questionable benefit for bronchitics but should nevertheless be considered for use because of its low cost and proven safety. The antiviral drug amantadine may be useful in bronchitics unable to take influenza vaccines.
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PMID:The prevention of severe lower respiratory infections in chronic bronchitis. 269 51

This study reports 45 cases of respiratory tract infection associated with Branhamella catarrhalis, diagnosed by bacteriological examination out of 980 sputum samples studied over a 6 months period. These infections were observed mainly in patients with chronic respiratory disease (68.9%). More than half of the isolates were found in pure culture, others were isolated from mixed infections most often with Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae or H. influenzae plus S. pneumoniae. 64.7% of Branhamella catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that the B. catarrhalis isolates, including beta-lactamase producing strains, were very susceptible to clavulanic acid plus amoxycillin (MIC90:0.12 microgram/ml) as well as to doxycycline and erythromycin (MIC90:0.5 microgram/ml).
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PMID:[Branhamella catarrhalis: incidence in pulmonary infections and determination of sensitivity to 5 antibiotics]. 313 31

Two cohorts, consisting of 10,723 calves total, were identified in this prospective follow-up study to investigate whether immunization of auction market beef calves immediately upon arrival at the feedlot with a commercial Haemophilus somnus whole cell killed bacterin would reduce subsequent mortality. In addition to mortality rate, the use of incidence rate of fatal disease is introduced as an effect measure to examine vaccine efficacy in the feedlot. The Haemophilus somnus bacterin had no significant effect on the overall crude mortality rate; however, the bacterin appeared to significantly (p less than 0.05) reduce the incidence rate of fatal disease and the mortality rate during the first two months in the feedlot, when risk of fatal disease onset was highest. Once mortalities likely not associated with hemophilosis (for example, a fractured femoral neck) were removed from the analysis, steer mortality rate, but not heifer mortality rate, was reduced significantly (p less than 0.05) in the vaccinated group. The attributable percent overall for steers was 17.4%; this suggests that 17.4% of fatal respiratory disease in the unvaccinated steers could have been prevented by vaccination with the H. somnus bacterin. Heifer calves demonstrated a significantly (p less than 0.01) higher incidence rate of fatal disease during the first week than did steer calves, indicating that a different pattern of fatal disease existed for the two sexes. Use of a second vaccination two weeks after arrival did little to decrease mortality risk.
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PMID:Efficacy of immunization of feedlot calves with a commercial Haemophilus somnus bacterin. 337 May 54

Nearly 300 patients, admitted to hospital with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease, have been treated with various newer quinolones: 26 patients received enoxacin, 50 pefloxacin, 80 ciprofloxacin and 143 ofloxacin. Dosages varied from 400 mg once daily to 1000 mg twice daily. orally for five to 10 days. Patients were evaluated bacteriologically and clinically before, during and after treatment. Nearly all infections associated with Haemophilus influenzae and/or Branhamella catarrhalis were successfully eradicated. Some Streptococcus pneumoniae infections relapsed, some could not be eradicated, and a number of patients developed new infections with these organisms. Approximately half of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were eradicated. Nearly all patients received concomitant theophylline but this only caused serious problems in those given 600 mg doses of enoxacin twice daily. Five patients given ciprofloxacin had to discontinue because of unwanted effects (mostly hallucinations), one patient given pefloxacin had gastric pain and two patients given ofloxacin developed a skin rash. Apart from the theophylline interaction, the unwanted effects did not appear to be dose-related. The best overall clinical results were noted after 800 mg doses of ofloxacin once daily for seven days.
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PMID:Respiratory infections: clinical experiences with the new quinolones. 343 51

Respiratory disease is one of the most serious disease complexes affecting beef cattle production. For example, it is claimed to cost the UK industry about 70 million pounds per year. It is usually associated with young cattle and can occur in a variety of situations. It is a good example of multifactorial disease in that its aetiology involves both infection by a variety of microorganisms and a number of environmental factors. Several distinct syndromes occur and a number of microorganisms are thought to be important including the bacteria Pasteurella haemolytica type A1, P. multocida, Haemophilus somnus, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Mycoplasma bovis and M. dispar. Of the viruses, bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV1) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are known to be important, the former also causing the specific syndrome, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in addition to its involvement in the pneumonia complex. Other viruses of possible importance include para-influenza 3 (Pi3), adenoviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus, coronavirus and rhinovirus.
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PMID:Vaccines for respiratory disease in cattle. 367 1

During serological screening of a closed SPF-herd free of pleuropneumonia, more than half of the pigs were positive for complement-fixing antibodies to Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. Actinobacillus bacteria closely related to A. suis were isolated from tonsillar tissue of 14 out of 20 slaughtered pigs submitted for pathological and bacteriological evaluation. None of the pigs had evidence of respiratory disease. Two pigs inoculated endobronchially with a selected Actinobacillus strain developed mild focal pneumonia and complement-fixing antibodies cross-reacting with H. pleuropneumoniae. Five pigs exposed and vaccinated with the Actinobacillus strain and five pigs spontaneously infected with the strain also developed complement-fixing antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae and appeared to be less susceptible to experimental Haemophilus pleuropneumonia than pigs not exposed to the Actinobacillus infection. The agglutination test applied on serum treated with 2-mercaptoethanol detected antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 but not against serotype 1 in pigs exposed to the Actinobacillus strain. Antibodies reactive with the Actinobacillus strain were also found in pigs hyperimmunized against H. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-5 in 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test and rabbits hyperimmunized against serotypes 1,2 and 7, and strain 73567 in the immunodiffusion test. Conversely rabbits immunized against the Actinobacillus strain had antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6. It is concluded that pigs infected with Actinobacillus organisms may become false positive reactors against H. pleuropneumoniae.
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PMID:Serological cross-reactivity between a porcine Actinobacillus strain and Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. 392 87

In our study, 16 patients with acute infection complicating severe respiratory disease were treated with temocillin 2g or 3g daily for 5 to 10 days. In 10 patients, a recognised respiratory pathogen, either Haemophilus influenzae (temocillin-sensitive) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (temocillin-resistant), was isolated from sputum before the start of treatment. 13 patients improved clinically but 5 subsequently relapsed. Two patients failed to respond, and 1 died of respiratory failure. There was no clearcut relationship between the clinical progress and sensitivity of the isolated pathogen to temocillin, and there were no adverse effects associated with the administration of temocillin.
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PMID:Temocillin in the treatment of chest infections. 402 25


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