Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of bacterial, viral, mycoplasma, and rickettsial infections has been assessed prospectively in 210 adult patients with pneumonia who presented to a district hospital over a six-year period. One hundred and thirteen infective agents were detected in 103 patients. The agent most frequently detected was Mycoplasma pneumoniae which accounted for 30 infections. A bacterial pathogen was found in 43 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common of these (24 patients); Staphylococcus aureus (eight), Haemophilus influenzae (four), Klebsiella spp (three), and Legionella pneumophila (three) were all less common. Chlamydial or rickettsial infections (Psittacosis or Q fever) were detected in nine patients. Viral infections were found in 31 patients (22 influenza A, four influenza B, two parainfluenza, and three respiratory syncytial virus). There were 10 patients in whom more than one pathogen was identified. In 107 patients no pathogens could be identified. Seventy-five per cent of these patients had either received antibiotics before entering hospital, or were unable to produce any sputum for culture. The incidence of bacterial pneumonia has probably therefore been underestimated. Nevertheless this survey does emphasise the importance of M pneumoniae as a pathogen in patients with pneumonia presenting to hospital.
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PMID:Causes of pneumonia presenting to a district general hospital. 731 31

The bacteria causing infective endocarditis have not changed significantly despite the diversity of potential portals of entry. Streptococci (viridans) cause 35 to 45% of cases of endocarditis. Group D streptococci of gastrointestinal origin cause about 20% of cases of endocarditis: Streptococcus bovis is the most commonly isolated species followed by the enterococcus. The beta-haemolytic streptococci of Groups A, B, C and G are rarely isolated. Seventeen to thirty per cent of endocarditis is caused by staphylococci, above all Staphylococcus aureus. These infections are mainly observed in patients with prosthetic valves or intravenous catheters and in intravenous drug addicts. With respect to gram-negative bacilli, enterobacteria are rarely responsible for endocarditis and those of the HACEK group (Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, etc.) were isolated in 3% of cases. Q fever and Chlamydia endocarditis are rare, as are fungal infections usually due to Candida. Endocarditis with negative blood cultures is still observed in about 10% of cases.
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PMID:[Bacterial endocarditis: current bacteriological data]. 802 85

Infective endocarditis due to fastidious microorganisms is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Some organisms such as fungi account for up to 15% of cases of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis, whereas organisms of the HACEK group (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, H. aphrophilus, and H. paraphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae) cause 3% of community-acquired cases of infective endocarditis. Special techniques are necessary to identify these microorganisms. A history of contact with mammals or birds may suggest infection caused by Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), Brucella species, or Chlamydia psittaci. A nosocomial cluster of postsurgical infective endocarditis may be caused by Legionella species or Mycobacterium species. If risk factors that are commonly associated with fungal infections (cardiac surgical treatment, prolonged hospitalization, indwelling central venous catheters, and long-term antibiotic use) are present, fungal endocarditis is possible. Patients with endocarditis and a history of periodontal disease or dental work in whom routine blood cultures are negative might have infection due to nutritionally variant streptococci or bacteria of the HACEK group. Communication between the microbiologist and the clinician is of crucial importance for identification of these microorganisms early during the course of the infection before complications such as embolization or valvular failure occur. In this article, we review the microbiologic and clinical features of these organisms and provide recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis due to unusual or fastidious microorganisms. 917 37

We studied the effect of Q fever in acute exacerbation of chronic lower respiratory tract infection. The subjects consisted of 80 cases with acute exacerbation of chronic lower respiratory tract infection treated during the period from March 2002 till October 2004. Q fever was diagnosed using a PanBio Coxiella burnetii ELISA test kit. Two cases (2.5%) were positive for IgM in the acute stage, and were diagnosed as having acute infection by C. burnetii. They were elderly women with bronchiectasis, aged 76 and 82. They had no history of keeping cats or dogs, but the onset of acute exacerbation of chronic lower respiratory tract infection was June and March which is the breeding seasons for cats and dogs. Acute exacerbation of chronic lower respiratory tract infection were considerd to be a mixed infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (the 76-year-case) and Haemophilus influenzae (the 82-year-case). It is concluded that C. burnetii can induce exacerbation of chronic lower respiratory tract infection, their cases were considerd to be mixed infection with C. burnetii and other bacteria.
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PMID:[Q fever in acute exacerbation of chronic lower respiratory tract infection]. 1621 16

The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of Q fever in patients with an acute exacerbation of a chronic lower respiratory tract infection. Eighty patients treated for acute exacerbation of chronic lower respiratory tract infections during a 30-month period were studied. Q fever was diagnosed by ELISA. Two elderly woman with pre-existing bronchiectasis (2.5%) were diagnosed as having an acute infection by Coxiella burnetii. The acute illness was considered to be a result of mixed infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae with C. burnetii. Co-infection with C. burnetii can occur during a bacterial exacerbation of a chronic lower respiratory tract infection.
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PMID:Coxiella burnetii and acute exacerbations/infections in patients with chronic lung disease. 1758 35

Respiratory infections are responsible for up to 11% of febrile infections in travellers or immigrants from tropical and subtropical regions. The main pathogens are the same as in temperate climate zones: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, influenza viruses, Legionella pneumophila. However, some pulmonary diseases can be attributed to bacterial, parasitic, viral or fungal pathogens that are endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. The most commonly imported infections are malaria, dengue, and tuberculosis. Pulmonary symptoms and eosinophilia in returning travellers and migrants may be caused by several parasitic infections such as Katayama syndrome, Loeffler syndrome, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, amebiasis, paragonimiasis, echinococcosis, and toxocariasis. In Asia, Tsutsugamushi fever is transmitted by chiggers, spotted fever rickettsiae are transmitted by ticks. Transmission of zoonotic diseases occurs mainly via contact with infected animals or their excretions, human-to-human transmission is generally rare: MERS-CoA (dromedary camels), pulmonary hantavirus infection (rodents), tularemia (rabbits and hares), leptospirosis (rats), Q-fever (sheep and goats), very rarely anthrax (hides of ruminants) and pest (infected rats and wildlife). Inhalation of contaminated dust can cause infections with dimorphic fungi: histoplasmosis (bat guano) and coccidioidomycosis in America and parts of Africa, blastomycosis in America. Some infections can cause symptoms years after a stay in tropical or subtropical regions (melioidosis, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary hypertension). Noninfectious respiratory diseases caused by inhalation of high amounts of air pollution or toxic dusts may also be considered.
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PMID:[Travel-associated pneumonias]. 2529 Sep 23