Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Laboratory and clinical studies on rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup, a new macrolide antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates after oral administration on fasting of RKM dry syrup at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg to 2 and 1 cases, respectively, were determined. Peak plasma levels were obtained in 30 minutes after administration of both dosages with half-lives of 1.5 to 2.2 hours. A clear-cut dose response was observed. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after administration ranged from 1.75 to 2.26%. 2. The MICs of RKM against 80 clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes 9, Streptococcus pneumoniae 14, Branhamella catarrhalis 4, Haemophilus influenzae 27, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 9, Haemophilus haemolyticus 2, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus 14 and Campylobacter jejuni 1) were compared with MICs of midecamycin acetate (MOM), josamycin (JM) and erythromycin (EM). The antibacterial activity of RKM was superior to those of MOM and JM and slightly inferior to that of EM. 3. Twenty-eight pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (acute tonsillitis 4, streptococcal infection 4, acute bronchitis 9, pneumonia 4, mycoplasmal pneumonia 2 and Campylobacter enteritis 5) were treated with RKM dry syrup at a daily dose of 12-42.9 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. Efficacy rates were 92.9% clinically and 58.6% bacteriologically. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were mild; thrombocytosis in 2 and eosinophilia in 1. 5. The taste and the odor of RKM dry syrup preparation were sufficiently tolerable for the pediatric patients to accept it.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 317 61

1. A total of 15 patients with pediatric respiratory tract infections were mediated with rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup, and its clinical effects were excellent in 2, good in 10, fair in 1 and poor in 1. 2. The efficacy rate in Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia and mycoplasmal pneumonia was 100%. 3. Clinical effects on 7 patients with Haemophilus influenzae were excellent in 1, good in 4, fair in 1 and poor in 1. 4. No adverse reaction was observed, and the taste and odor of RKM was well accepted by the children. 5. RKM is useful and one of the first choice antibiotics on respiratory tract infections in pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical results of rokitamycin dry syrup on respiratory tract infections in pediatric field]. 326 80

Cefuzoname (CZON, L-105) a newly developed cephalosporin, has broad spectrum on Gram-positive or -negative bacteria and may also be effective against Staphylococcus aureus against which third generation cephalosporins are largely ineffective. We studied the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of CZON on infectious disease of children. The diseases we studied included 2 cases of bacterial meningitis and 1 case each of viral meningitis, enterocolitis, upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, and mycoplasmal pneumonia. CZON was administered by drip infusion. Dose levels were 20-53 mg/kg/30-60 minutes, 3 times a day. For 5 cases, was studied time course of concentrations of CZON in plasma. Median T 1/2 was 0.96 hour. Concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in cases of pneumonia and bacterial meningitis. In the case of pneumonia the CSF concentration of CZON was 0.272 microgram/ml after 45 minutes, in the case of meningitis they were 0.155 microgram/ml after 5 hours. Both of these values were higher than MIC of 0.025 microgram/ml against Haemophilus influenzae which was isolated from a case of bacterial meningitis. This MIC was lower than that of cefotiam and cefazolin, as well as of cefmenoxime. Clinical effects were excellent on pneumonia, good on upper respiratory infection, fair on mycoplasmal pneumonia. CZON, however, was ineffective in the treatment of a case of bacterial meningitis from which a susceptible strain of H. influenzae was isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on cefuzoname in the field of pediatrics]. 361 97

The aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia was studied by use of new bacterial and established viral serological methods besides blood culture in 162 patients. Evidence for a specific aetiology was obtained in 79 patients (49.4%). The pneumococcus was the most common aetiological agent, identified in 25.6% of cases. Other bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis and Chlamydia spp. were demonstrated in 23.5%, Mycoplasma pneumonia in 1.2% and viruses in 7.4% patients. In 58% those with viral pneumonia there was evidence of mixed infection with bacteria. The predictive value of rapid laboratory tests, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP), was evaluated in relation to the aetiological diagnosis. They all differentiated viral from bacterial pneumonia, with CRP having the best predictive value. On the basis of these tests, most cases in which our serological tests remained negative would appear to have a bacterial aetiology also.
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PMID:The aetiology of pneumonia. Application of bacterial serology and basic laboratory methods. 381 55

When studying acute and convalescent phase sera of patients with bacteraemic diseases, an unexpected rise of antibody activity (measured as binding of radioactive antigen) towards the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group A (MenA) was observed in 59 out of 292 patients whose infection was caused by other organisms (other groups of N. meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus). This non-specific reaction was not seen in non-bacteraemic diseases (Mycoplasma pneumonia, viral meningitis) or after immunization with H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide or Salmonella and cholera whole cell vaccines. The 'unspecific' anti-MenA antibodies were of all immunoglobulin classes A, G and M tested, and had lower avidity than did those in the specific response. They were clearly inhibitable by N-acetylmannosamine which inhibited the specific antibodies only marginally.
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PMID:The unspecific antibody response to N. meningitidis group A capsular polysaccharide often seen in bacteraemic diseases. 680 41

The effects of tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin were examined in pneumonias induced experimentally in neonatal piglets with a homogenate of pneumonic pig lung, obtained from pigs with naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. The homogenate contained mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M suipneumoniae) and M hyorhinis, and certain bacteria and viruses. The experimental pneumonias generally resembled mycoplasmal pneumonia histologically but were complicated by aspiration pneumonia in some animals. both tylosin tartrate (50 mg/kg) and tiamutilin (10 mg/kg) administered orally twice daily for 10 days, beginning 14 days after intranasal infection, significantly reduced the incidence and severity of macroscopical pneumonic lung lesions. M hyopneumoniae could be isolated from the lungs of the unmedicated piglets, but not from drug-treated piglets. The numbers of M hyorhinis, Acholeplasma granularum, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida and P haemolytica in the lung tissue of the infected piglets were significantly reduced by drug therapy. The role of bacterial in the experimental infection appeared to be that of secondary invaders.
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PMID:Tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin effects on experimental piglet pneumonia induced with pneumonic pig lung homogenate containing mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses. 713 53

During autumn 1992, we observed two unrelated family outbreaks of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Family A consisted of grandmother (aged 77 yrs), father (aged 41 yrs), mother (aged 38 yrs), daughter (aged 10 yrs), and two sons (aged 6 yrs and 3 months, respectively). The grandmother and daughter suffered from pneumonia, father from pharyngitis and bronchitis and the older son from mild bronchitis. No symptoms were recorded in the mother and younger son. Symptomatic subjects showed a fourfold increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) titre for Chlamydia pneumoniae, determined by a microimmunofluorescence test with specific antigen (TW-183). Other serological studies against Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, influenza virus type A and B, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were negative. Sputum culture gave a positive result for Haemophilus influenzae, colony forming units (cfu) = 10(4).ml-1 in the grandmother. No serum positivity was recorded in the mother and younger son, who remained asymptomatic. All symptomatic patients were successfully treated with macrolides. Family B consisted of mother (aged 63 yrs) and daughter (aged 36 yrs). Both suffered from Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia. Diagnosis was made by means of serological microimmunofluorescence test, and direct identification using an indirect immunofluorescence test on pharyngeal swab. Sputum culture and other serological tests remained negative. Both patients were successfully treated with macrolides. These observations emphasize the relevance of Chlamydia pneumoniae in family cluster respiratory infections.
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PMID:Two family outbreaks of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. 814 7

In a 5-year period, 254 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were attended to. Transtracheal aspiration (TTA) could be performed on 119 patients, blood cultures were performed on 201 patients, and 74 patients underwent serologic examinations. By use of these procedures, an etiologic diagnosis was established in 93 cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen as it was found in 35 cases. Eleven of these 35 patients (31.4 percent) had pneumococcemia, and the mortality in this group was 27.3 percent. None of the patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and negative blood culture died. Haemophilus influenzae was the only isolated pathogen from transtracheal aspirated sputum in 16 cases and accounted for 17.5 percent of pneumonias in previous healthy individuals under 50 years of age. Mycoplasma pneumonia infections, Legionella pneumophila infections, and Chlamydia infections were found in ten, eight, and three cases, respectively. The overall agreement between microscopy and culture of respiratory secretions obtained by TTA was 58.8 percent, and microscopy can be a guide when choosing the initial antibiotic treatment. No statistically significant difference in the rate of isolating bacteria among patients treated with antibiotics prior to TTA and patients not previously treated with antibiotics was seen. When contraindications were respected, we found TTA to be a safe procedure.
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PMID:Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Evaluation by transtracheal aspiration, blood culture, or serology. 822 95

Azithromycin (AZM) was studied for its clinical efficacy in pediatric infections. The study on AZM was carried out in 43 patients whose diagnoses were given as follows: pharyngitis in five cases, tonsillitis in one, bronchitis in four, pneumonia in four, Mycoplasma pneumonia in 14, scarlet fever in nine, impetigo in four, pyodermia in one and Campylobacter enteritis in one. The patients received AZM once daily at 1.6 approximately 20.0 mg/kg body weight for three to five days. Effectiveness of AZM was evaluated in 39 cases and the drug was rated "excellent" in 15, "good" in 19, "fair" in one, "poor" in four, resulting in an efficacy rate of 87.2%. Twenty bacterial isolates were identified as causative isolates in 19 patients: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Campylobacter jejuni and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AZM eradicated 16 isolates but four persisted after therapy. One patient complained of loose stool, while two patients were found with decreases in white blood cell counts, and seven showed increases in eosinophils. However, no serious case of adverse event was reported.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of azithromycin in pediatric infections]. 898 54

Azithromycin (AZM), a newly developed azalide antibiotic, was administered at a standard dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 3 days to pediatric patients with bacterial infections and the therapeutic efficacy of AZM was investigated. 1. A total of 12 patients with the following diseases was evaluated: pharyngitis in two, tonsillitis in four, bronchitis in one, Mycoplasma pneumonia in one, scarlet fever in two and enteritis in two. The drug was rated "excellent" in eight cases and "good" in four. 2. Eleven strains were isolated from patients: five strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, four strains of Haemophilus influenzae, and two strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Isolated bacteria were eradicated in eight strains and persisting in one, resulting in 88.9% in eradication rate. No follow-up examinations in post-treatment were performed in two cases. 3. No adverse reaction was reported, while one case of eosinophilia was noted as an abnormal laboratory test value. 4. As far as compliance is concerned, patients claimed that the formulation of the drug is "easy to take" or "ordinary". With the results presented as above, we have concluded that AZM is a useful antibiotic in pediatric patients with bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Therapeutic efficacy of azithromycin in pediatrics]. 898 55


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