Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Preclinical and clinical studies of clindamycin-2-phosphate developed as an infectable were conducted, and the following results were obtained: 1) Clindamycin-2-phosphate administered by the intravenous drip in a dose of 600 mg over one hour showed a peak blood clindamycin level of 10.5 mcg/ml at the end of administration. Though the blood level then decreased rapidly, it stayed at 0.7 mcg/ml at 8 hours later. 2) The blood level of clindamycin following intramuscular injection of 300 mg of clindamycin-2-phosphate reached a peak of 3.3 mcg/ml at one hour later. The blood level of 6 hours after injection was 1.0 mcg/ml. 3) Clindamycin-2-phosphate 300 mg was given intramuscularly 2 to 4 times daily for 5 approximately 14 days in 4 cases of pneumonia. The drug proved effective in two cases of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma; fairly effective in another case of mixed infection caused by pneumococci, Hemophilus and N. meningitidis; and ineffective in the fourth case of infection due to Hemophilus parainfluenzae. 4) No such adverse reactions as hepatic disorder, renal disorder and colitis were noted following administration of clindamycin-2-phosphate.
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PMID:[Preclinical and clinical studies of clindamycin-2-phosphate (author's transl)]. 83 43

Septicemic disease occurred in 49 of 126 pigs several days after being transported 80 km. All affected pigs died. The main changes in acutely affected pigs were skin discoloration, pulmonary edema, arthritis, meningitis, and renal glomerular thrombosis. In peracute cases, gross findings were minimal. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from multiple organ sites in most affected pigs. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from nasal swab specimens from 17 of 20 clinically normal pigs on the farm of origin. Fatal acute septicemia was reproduced in 2 pigs by intravenous or intratracheal exposure to an isolant of H parasuis obtained from 1 of of the 49 fatally affected pigs. Aerosol exposure of 5 pigs resulted in mild pneumonia in 4 pigs and severe pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, and terminal septicemia in 1 pig.
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PMID:Haemophilus parasuis infection in swine. 91 94

Of 222 patients with pneumonia in St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, in 1972, more were affected by bronchopneumonia (53%) than lobar pneumonia (46%). Two-thirds of the patients were males and 86% were aged 40 years or more. Only 59% had any bacteriological studies performed. It was unusual to isolate pathogens from persons who had received antibiotics before cultures were taken, but of cultures taken from persons not receiving antibiotics, 65% yielded pneumococci. Infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas and enterobacteria were uncommon. Haemophilus influenzae appeared to be a co-pathogen in bronchopneumonia more than in lobar pneumonia. The mortality in lobar pneumonia was acceptably low (4%), but was generally high in bronchopneumonia, being 32% when the condition occurred after surgical operations and 35% when this form of pneumonia complicated other normally non-terminal medical diseases. The mortality was 17% in primary bronchopneumonia.
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PMID:Pneumonia in a city hospital. 100 42

From May 1973 thorugh April 1974, a total of 83 children with severe Haemophilus influenzae infections were treated in three Denver pediatric hospitals. Although meningitis was the most common clinical manifestation (45 cases), other foci of infection were also noted (pneumonia, 12 cases; cheek cellulitis, eight cases; epiglottitis, eight cases; empyema, seven cases; pericarditis, three cases; arthritis, one case; periorbital cellulitis, one case; and abscess, one case). Nine children had positive blood cultures with H influenzae without an initial detectable focus of infection. Two patients developed clinically apparent sites of infection (osteomyelitis and scalp abscesses).
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PMID:Severe Haemophilus influenzae infections. 107 91

Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b was isolated from the pleural fluid of a 15-month-old infant with pneumonia and empyema. The patient was cured when chloramphenicol treatment was substituted for ampicillin.
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PMID:Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia and empyema in an infant. 108 84

Infections that occurrred in 92 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease were reviewed from the time of laprotomy and splenectomy. Pneumonias occurred in nine patients with urinary tract infections in twelve during the immediate postoperative period. Severe bacterial infections did not occur in any patients during initial radiation therapy, adjuvant chemotherapy (stages I through IIIA), initial intensive chemotherapy (stages IIIB and IV) or during remission. Severe infections occurred in eight profoundly granulocytopenic patients with recurrent Hodgkin's disease. Streptococcus (Diplococcus) pneumoniae and Hemophilus spp infections were distinctly uncommon during the remission period. Herpes zoster, however, was very common developing in 22 of 92 (24 per cent) patients. Predisposing factors to herpes zoster included sex (female more than male), therapy (radiation plus chemotherapy more than chemotherapy alone), and age (less than 30 years of age more often than 30 to 50 years of age). Severe infection was uncommon in these patients except in ascociation with specific predisposing factors such as the immediate postoperative state of prolonged granulocytopenia associated with recurrent Hodgkin's disease or its therapy. Splenectomy per se did not affect either the incidence or the severity of infection during this period of 12+ months of observations per patient.
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PMID:Infections in 92 splenectomized patients with Hodgkin's disease. A clinical review. 120 37

Amoxicillin at a daily dose of 1-1.5 g was orally administered to total 30 cases comprising 6 of acute tonsillitis, 6 of chronic tonsillitis, 8 of acute bronchitis, 4 of chronic bronchitis, 4 of bronchiectasis, 1 of suppurative diseases of the lung and 1 of exudative pleurisy. The clinical results and side effects are reported. 1. The effect of amoxicillin was remarkably good in 15 of 30 cases with infections of respiratory apparatus (50%), good in 7(23%), poor in 5(17%) and unknown in 3(10%); the effectiveness was 73%. 2. In terms of diseases, amoxicillin was effective in 33% of acute tonsillitis, in 50% of chronic tonsillitis and in all of acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasia and suppurative disease of the lung. No effect was observed in exudative pleurisy. 3. In terms of strains detected, amoxicillin was effective in 67% of Staphylococcus aureus, in 89% of Haemophilus and in 50% of Klebsiella. This drug was effective in all cases caused by Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoacetines, beta-Streptococcus, Flavobacterium, Streptococcus pneumonia, though these strains were not frequently detected. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had no response to this drug. 4. Two cases of transient hepatic dysfunction, 6 of eruption, 5 of gastro-intestinal disorders, 1 of arthralgia and 1 of pyrexia were observed as side effects (some cases had side effects in overlap).
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PMID:[Clinical trials with amoxicillin (Pasetocin 'Kyowa') on infections of respiratory apparatus (author's transl)]. 127 87

Over the last decade, the spectrum of organisms causing community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections has changed. Streptococcus pneumoniae now causes approximately 30% of outpatient acute pneumonia-less than in former decades-whereas Mycoplasma pneumoniae is found in both young and elderly patients. The Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus are now seen more frequently as respiratory tract pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia patients, and they are the major organisms causing pneumonia in residents of homes for the elderly or nursing homes, and in immuno-compromised patients. Agents that were previously considered non-pathogenic for the respiratory tract include serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae other than type b, H. parainfluenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis; these organisms affect mainly patients with underlying cardiopulmonary disease. Legionella species can cause sporadic as well as epidemic disease of the lower respiratory tract. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a newly recognized pathogen responsible for mild to severe upper and lower respiratory tract infections. In 60-80% of cases, hospital-acquired pneumonias are caused by Gram-negative bacilli and S. aureus. These organisms colonize the mucosal membranes of the upper respiratory tract and penetrate into the lower tract by aspiration or intubation.
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PMID:Changes in the spectrum of organisms causing respiratory tract infections: a review. 128 13

Cefprozil granule preparation was administered orally to 16 patients (ages ranging 8 months to 9 years and 6 months) with pediatric bacterial infections at daily dose levels between 29.4 and 35.7 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses. The following results were obtained. 1. Sixteen patients including 5 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 3 with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with pneumonia, 2 with contagious impetigo and 1 with scarlet fever were treated. Clinical effects were excellent in 9 cases and moderate in 7, with an overall efficacy rate of 100%. 2. Organisms suspected as pathogens included 17 strains (10 strains of haemophilus influenzae, 2 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 3 of Streptococcus pyogenes and 2 of Staphylococcus aureus). Bacteriologically, eradication of pathogens were observed for 11 strains, but no changes were obtained for 5 (all Haemophilus), and unknown results were obtained for 1, thus the eradication rate was 68.8%. 3. No side effects were observed. Abnormal laboratory test results included 2 cases of increase in platelets, and 2 of increase in eosinophils, but those were not significant. 4. No refusal of the drug occurred due to its taste or odor.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefprozil granules]. 128 82

Cefprozil (CFPZ), a newly developed oral cephalosporin in a fine granular form for pediatric use, was administered to children with bacterial infections. MICs were determined for 6 drugs including CFPZ, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC) and cloxacillin (MCIPC) against the following 84 strains isolated from cases to which CFPZ was administered; 55 strains of Gram-positive cocci (GPC) including 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 49 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 29 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) including 10 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 18 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Proteus mirabilis. MIC determination of these strains was done with an inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml. In pharmacokinetic studies, serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates were investigated using bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CFPZ was orally administered 30 minutes before meals to 9 children with ages ranging from 7 years and 1 month to 12 years and 3 months. Three groups of 3 children were tested with doses of 4.0, 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg, respectively. In addition to the above, clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in a total of 160 cases consisting of children with ages ranging 5 months to 12 years and 5 months. A mean dose of 8.6 mg/kg in 3-4 divided doses (130 cases of t.i.d. and 30 cases of q.i.d.) was administered for an average of 7 days. The 160 cases included 34 cases of pharyngitis, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 8 cases of acute bronchitis, 8 cases of pneumonia, 52 cases of scarlet fever, 4 cases of acute purulent otitis media, 47 cases of urinary tract infection, 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis and 1 case of posthitis. Adverse reactions and abnormal clinical laboratory test results were also examined in 166 cases, including 6 cases excluded from the evaluation of clinical efficacy. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. With regard to GPC, MICs of CFPZ against 2 strains of S. aureus were 0.78 or 1.56 micrograms/ml and CFPZ showed the second highest activity to MCIPC. MICs of CFPZ against 49 strains of S. pyogenes were all less than 0.025 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefprozil granules in the pediatric field]. 128 89


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