Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the etiology of apparent meningococcemia, all cases of sepsis with coagulopathy, purpura, and/or adrenal hemorrhage (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) with and without shock occurring over a 12-year period were reviewed. A total of 42 cases were identified; 30 cases were caused by Neisseria meningitidis and 12 cases were caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Compared with patients with disease caused by H influenzae, patients with meningococcal disease were older, more often male, more often contracted the disease in winter-spring, and had a longer duration of antecedent symptoms; however, none of these differences was statistically significant. All patients were febrile (greater than 38 degrees C) and appeared toxic. Similar proportions in each group had shock and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy at the time of admission. Ten of 12 patients with H influenzae infection compared with 15/30 (P less than .05) with meningococcal infection were lethargic or comatose at the time of admission. Nine of 12 patients with H influenzae infection died compared with 5/30 with meningococcal disease (P less than .005); the mean time from onset of symptoms to death with H influenzae infection (20.7 +/- 11.4 [SE] hours) was significantly shorter (P less than .05) than with meningococcal infection (120 +/- 74.4 hours). Children with clinical signs of sepsis and with purpura, petechiae, or coagulopathy may have N meningitidis or H influenzae as etiologic agents. Initial antibiotic therapy should be directed against these pathogens.
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PMID:Apparent meningococcemia: clinical features of disease due to Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. 641 7

The records of 129 patients admitted to the hospital with the findings of fever and petechiae were reviewed to determine the incidence of invasive bacterial disease in patients with this symptom complex. Twenty-six patients (20.2%) had culture-proven bacterial infections; 13 (11.1%) of the group had Neisseria meningitidis, eight had Haemophilus influenzae type B. No single laboratory test was sufficiently sensitive to detect all patients with life-threatening bacterial infections, but a combination of normal laboratory findings was highly specific for those without significant disease.
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PMID:Incidence of invasive bacterial disease in children with fever and petechiae. 642 26

A clinical diagnosis of meningitis in neonates is difficult because of paucity of physical findings. In older infants and children, nuchal rigidity, Kernig's or Brudzinski's sign, or bulging fontanelles are sought. A review of 1,064 cases of bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period revealed that 16 (1.5%) patients had none of those meningeal signs during the entire hospitalization, despite CSF pleocytosis. Eight patients (50%) were 2 years old or older. Lumbar punctures were done because of unexplained fever, changes in behavior or mental status,, seizures, or occurrence of skin petechiae in febrile patients. These patients frequently had moderate pleocytosis and all survived. The meningitis was caused by Neisseria meningitidis in seven patients, Haemophilus influenzae in six, Streptococcus pneumoniae in two, and Salmonella enteritidis in one patient. CSF should be examined in a patient of any age whenever meningitis is a consideration, even if patients lack meningeal signs.
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PMID:Bacterial meningitis without clinical signs of meningeal irritation. 707 40

Invasive bacterial disease due to Haemophilus influenzae is a cause of sudden death in children. It must be considered by medical examiners when a child dies with a fulminant course and nonspecific symptoms. Three fatal cases are presented in children 7 weeks to 15 months of age. Two had meningitis and petechiae or purpura. All three had bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and a rapidly fatal course. The potential for rapid and accurate diagnosis of H. influenzae infection is widely available due to latex agglutination technique against bacterial capsular wall antigens. Diagnosis is critical because of its public-health implications. Up to 50% of cases may be acquired in day-care settings. Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for household and day care contacts. With the recent introduction of Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines for routine administration to infants beginning at 2 months of age, a change in the epidemiology of the disease is anticipated.
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PMID:Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B disease. 822 72

The natural course of acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in infants is poorly described in the literature. A retrospective study of 17 consecutive patients <1 yr of age admitted and treated for acute ITP between 1996 and 2005 was conducted. We investigated their demographics, vaccination history, clinical features, laboratory examinations, response to treatment and long-term outcome. There were 11 male and six female infants. Their ages ranged from 24 d to 12 months with a median of 3 months. All infants presented with petechiae and/or ecchymoses. Fourteen cases had platelet counts below 20 x 10(9)/L at the time of admission. They all had good response to a single course of treatment (14/17) or multiple courses of treatment (3/17). None had progressed into chronic ITP. Seven infants had a causal relationship with immunization, five associated with hepatitis B, one diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, one diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccine-conjugated Haemophilus influenza vaccines. These seven infants responded to treatment within 3-9 d after therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose methylprednisolone or oral steroids. Re-boosters with vaccines revealed no recurrence of the disease in all of these seven patients. The study suggests that further immunization is not contraindicated in infants experiencing acute ITP associated with vaccines.
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PMID:Acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura in infants: associated factors, clinical features, treatment and long-term outcome. 1685 29

Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis is a rare acute or subacute disease. It is usually associated with dental and surgical procedures in the oral cavity. In a 23-year-old athlete admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases, Split University Hospital, the diagnosis of infective endocarditis was established based on Duke's criteria. The patient was not exposed to risky medical procedures nor he had a predisposing heart disease. The course of illness was characterized by peripheral embolizations (splinter hemorrhages and petechiae) and vegetation on the dorsal mitral valve. After seven days of incubation, blood cultures revealed Haemophilus parainfluenzae. The patient was treated intravenously with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid plus gentamicin for four weeks. Peroral therapy was continued with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid alone for two weeks. By the end of treatment, heart ultrasound showed disappearance of endocardial vegetation. Echocardiographic and clinical examinations performed at 3, 6 and 12 months of therapy showed no pathological aberrations.
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PMID:[Haemophilus parainfluenzae--a rare cause of endocarditis]. 1758 82