Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The subgingival microflora of adult periodontitis was studied in 8 adults (36-47 years) and compared with that of 10 periodontally healthy individuals (36-43 years). A total of 64 periodontal lesions were examined, and classified according to the attachment level in three categories: attachment loss > 6 mm, attachment loss 4-6 mm and attachment loss < 4 mm. Also for comparative purposes 20 gingival sulci were evaluated. Samples were taken using three standardized paper points and were incubated anaerobically in selective and non-selective media. The results showed a statistically significant association of Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Capnocytophaga sputigena with moderate periodontal lesions, while Haemophilus segnis has been correlated to severe periodontal lesions. We concluded that C. gingivalis, C. sputigena and H. segnis might be potentially conductive to periodontal deterioration in adult periodontitis.
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PMID:Microflora in adult periodontitis. 749 74

The 64-kDa protein to which about half the sera from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis reacted strongly was purified from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. Determination of the N-terminal sequence of the protein revealed that it was a GroEL-like protein. The DNA fragment containing the groEL gene of A. actinomycetemcomitans was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the groESL operon was cloned by using colony hybridization with the amplified fragment from A. actinomycetemcomitans chromosomal DNA. Sequence analysis revealed that structures of the operon and its products were typical in gram-negative bacteria. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the 64-kDa protein cross-reacted with approximately 65-kDa proteins of Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus paraphrophilus, Escherichia coli and Eikenella corrodens but not with any cellular proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. It is possible that antibodies reactive to the 64-kDa protein in periodontitis patients are induced by the cross-reactivity with the hsp60 proteins of other bacteria.
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PMID:Molecular and immunological characterization of a 64-kDa protein of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. 756 64

The purpose of this investigation was to study the microflora of severe, moderate and minimal periodontal lesions, in young adults with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 142 periodontal lesions in 10 young adults aging 25 to 35 years. The examination of the subgingival microflora indicated that certain species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Campylobacter species were found to be predominant in severe periodontal lesions. B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, F. nucleatum, Capnocytophaga ochracea, were predominant in medium lesions while Streptococcus species and Actinomyces species, C. ochracea, Haemophilus segnis and Veillonella parvula, were found in higher levels in minimal periodontal lesions.
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PMID:Predominant microflora of severe, moderate and minimal periodontal lesions in young adults with rapidly progressive periodontitis. 772 48

Eleven strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from cases of systemic infections, local abscesses, and periodontitis were identified by genetic assays using the leukotoxin gene as the target. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, based on the leukotoxin structural gene of this pathogen, which clearly identified all tested strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans and separated them from the closely related Haemophilus aphrophilus as well as other bacterial species. Furthermore, DNA-DNA hybridization was performed with the cloned partial leukotoxin structural gene (lktA) as a probe, which again clearly distinguished A. actinomycetemcomitans from H. aphrophilus, parts of the normal oral flora, and species harboring RTX (repeats in toxin) family-related cytotoxins. The PCR fragment amplified from the leukotoxin structural gene gave results similar to those given by the cloned leukotoxin gene when used as a probe in hybridization experiments. The hybridization and PCR assays described here are fundamental improvements for the identification of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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PMID:Identification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by leukotoxin gene-specific hybridization and polymerase chain reaction assays. 834 64

Polytetrafluoroethylene membranes (ePTFE) used in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are accessible to colonization by oral bacteria. The bacterial composition of the adherent biomass is unknown. We examined a total of 6 membranes that were retrieved after 4 to 6 weeks from human periodontitis sites, using optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well anaerobic cultivation. Five of the 6 membranes provided the microbiological data and microscopic data. TEM revealed an organized microbial mass covering the surfaces and also within the interstices of the open microstructure and occlusive portions of the membranes. Numerous bacterial forms including cocci, rods, and filaments with an interbacterial matrix, frequently in microcolonies, were identified. Anaerobic cultivation yielded Streptococcus and Actinomyces species with a minor component of Gram-negative facultative rods comprised mainly of Haemophilus species. Candida species was recovered from one membrane. These data show that ePTFE is heavily colonized by oral bacteria during retention. The impact of bacterial colonization of ePTFE is not known but it seems reasonable to assume that colonization of membranes may affect connective tissue regeneration. Further studies will be needed to examine the effect of systemic antimicrobials on ePTFE colonization and in turn to examine the effect on GTR.
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PMID:Colonization of retrieved polytetrafluoroethylene membranes: morphological and microbiological observations. 846 37

The serotype b-specific carbohydrate antigen (SbAg) of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 is reported to be the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide, and the highest titers of serum antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans in early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients bind SbAg. These high titers of serum antibody reactive with SbAg are associated with a lesser extent and severity of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to determine if a limited number of genes code for anti-SbAg antibodies as has been shown for immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactive with the type b polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae. Serum IgG reactive with the SbAg was prepared from 20 high-titer EOP patients by affinity chromatography. The IgG subclass concentrations were determined, and heterogeneity was analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF). IgG2 was the dominant subclass (83% of total IgG) in the anti-SbAg IgG fraction and represented an average of 1.33% of total serum IgG2. The IgG2 reactive with SbAg was isolated from the affinity-purified IgG fraction by affinity chromatography with protein A and subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies. On IEF gels, only 4 to 20 bands were observed in the anti-SbAg IgG fractions, indicating limited heterogeneity. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of eight representative anti-SbAg IgG2 preparations indicated that variable heavy and light chains consisted largely of V(H)III and V(kappa)II, respectively. However, a significant fraction of anti-SbAg may use V(H) and V(lambda) genes with blocked N termini. In short, these findings indicate that IgG reactive with SbAg is very much like the antibody reactive with H. influenzae type b polysaccharide. Similarities include IgG2 dominance, limited bands on IEF gels, supporting an oligoclonal response, and use of genes from V(H)III and V(kappa)II regions.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of antibodies reactive with the dominant antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. 928 54

The extracellular antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (serotype b) contain a 37-kDa protein which is a major target for IgGs from patients suffering from severe alveolar bone loss. Since the 37-kDa protein has not been studied sufficiently, our investigation focused on its characteristics, e.g., its localization, specificity, and whether it directly stimulates macrophages to produce cytokines. The 37-kDa protein was purified from the culture supernatant of the Y4 strain by means of chromatofocusing and gel filtration. The 37-kDa protein is a unique glycoprotein which forms immune complexes with monoclonal antibodies against rhamnose-fucose polysaccharide. Patients with A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis had higher antibody titers to the purified 37-kDa protein than healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Anti-37-kDa protein antibodies recognized a 37-kDa band in the cytosolic, ribosomal, and total membrane fractions from Y4 cells. Extracellular substances from other strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans (serotypes a and c) also reacted in the Western blots, but Haemophilus spp. or several periodontopathic bacteria did not. These results suggested that the 37-kDa protein is a cytosolic protein that is passed through the cell membrane, and its protein portion is specific for A. actinomycetemcomitans but common to serotypes. This protein induced Il-1 beta, Il-6, and TNF-alpha release from murine macrophages. The Il-6-inducing activity of the 37-kDa protein was higher than that of LPS. These findings suggested that the 37-kDa protein which is released from live cells plays a role in A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis, as antigen inducing the release of inflammatory cytokines which are associated with alveolar bone loss.
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PMID:Extracellular 37-kDa antigenic protein from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans induces TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 929 87

High titers of serum IgG2 reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are present in early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients and it appears that anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans may be protective. Smoking is associated with increased periodontal disease severity in generalized early-onset periodontitis (G-EOP) patients, but is not associated with periodontal disease severity in patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Furthermore, smoking is associated with reduced serum IgG2 levels in black patients with G-EOP but not in those with LJP. Based on this selective effect of smoking, we hypothesized that smoking would be associated with a reduction of specific IgG2 reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans in black G-EOP patients but not black LJP patients. In addition, we examined IgG2 responses to carbohydrate antigens from non-periodontal pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae b oligosaccharide antigen (Hib) and the Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen phosphocholine (PC). Smoking status was assessed from serum cotinine levels, and IgG2 specific for A. actinomycetemcomitans, Hib, and PC was assessed by ELISA. Our study revealed that smoking was correlated with a dramatic reduction in serum IgG2 anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans in G-EOP smokers but not in LJP smokers. In contrast, anti-Hib IgG2 and anti-PC IgG2 were not affected in either G-EOP or LJP patients. In short, these results indicate that smoking is associated with a reduction in serum IgG2 anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans in black G-EOP subjects, but IgG2 reactive with other antigens may not be reduced in G-EOP smokers.
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PMID:The effect of smoking on serum IgG2 reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in early-onset periodontitis patients. 937 28

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the levels of serum IgG antibody to 85 subgingival species in 32 refractory periodontitis, 56 successfully treated, and 33 periodontally healthy subjects. Refractory subjects showed mean full mouth attachment loss and/or >3 sites showing attachment loss >2.5 mm within 1 year after 2 treatment modalities, scaling and root planing and surgery plus systemically administered tetracycline. Successfully-treated subjects showed mean attachment level gain and no sites with attachment loss >2.5 mm, 1 year post-therapy. Periodontally healthy subjects exhibited no pocket or attachment level >3 mm, and no evidence of progressing attachment loss during 1 year of monitoring. Baseline serum was obtained from each subject and tested against 85 subgingival species, including reference strains and strains isolated from refractory subjects, using checkerboard immunoblotting. Significance of differences in levels of serum antibody among groups were sought using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Refractory subjects constituted a heterogeneous group based on their serum antibody response to subgingival species. Some individuals had antibody reactions to many subgingival species, while other subjects showed fewer or low numbers of responses. On average, refractory subjects exhibited higher numbers and levels of serum antibody reactions to a wide range of subgingival species than successfully treated or periodontally healthy subjects. Differences in serum antibody among clinical groups were more striking at higher threshold levels of antibody (>50 microg/ml and > 100 microg/ml). The data showed that a subject was 10.1 x more likely to be refractory if the subject exhibited antibody reactions with >9 subgingival species at >50 microg/ml (p<0.001, after adjusting for multiple comparisons). Serum antibody to a subset of the test species differed among the clinical groups. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroidesforsythus, and some strains isolated from refractory subjects (a novel Neisseria sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Prevotella loescheii and Prevotella oulora) elicited high serum antibody in the successfully treated and refractory subjects. High levels of serum antibody to a Microbacterium lacticum-like organism, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus constellatus, Actinobacillus actinonmycetemcomitans serotype c and Haemophilus aphrophilus significantly increased the likelihood of a subject being refractory to conventional periodontal therapy.
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PMID:Serum antibodies reacting with subgingival species in refractory periodontitis subjects. 969 61

The susceptibilities of 87 periodontitis-associated strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to clarithromycin and erythromycin were determined by standard methodology recommended for Haemophilus influenzae. For clarithromycin the MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited was </=2.0 microg/ml and the minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of the strains were killed was </=4.0 microg/ml, suggesting that it would be a candidate for therapeutic trials in patients with periodontitis.
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PMID:Bacteriostatic and bactericidal in vitro activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin against periodontopathic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. 979 40


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