Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 6-year-old girl developed pericardial tamponade because of pericarditis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Bacteriological cultures of the pericardial exudate were negative. The etiological diagnosis was established by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE).
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PMID:Diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae type b pericarditis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. 30 8

Haemophilus influenzae is an aerobic pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus that requires both X and V factors for growth. It grows poorly, if at all, on ordinary blood agar unless streaked with Staph. aureus. It grows well on chocolate agar. Because this medium is often not used in culturing specimens from adults and because the organism may be overgrown by other bacteria, the frequency of H. influenzae infections has undoubtedly been seriously underestimated. This is aggravated by the failure of many physicians to obtain blood cultures in suspected bacterial infections and the failure of many laboratories to subculture them routinely onto chocolate agar. H. influenzae, along with Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major factor in acute sinusitis. It is probably the most frequent etiologic agent of acute epiglottitis. It is probably a common, but commonly unrecognized, cause of bacterial pneumonia, where it has a distinctive appearance on Gram stain. It is unusual in adult meningitis, but should particularly be considered in alcoholics; in those with recent or remote head trauma, especially with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea; in patients with splenectomies and those with primary or secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. It may rarely cause a wide variety of other infections in adults, including purulent pericarditis, endocarditis, septic arthritis, obstetrical and gynecologic infections, urinary and biliary tract infections, and cellulitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is somewhat capricious in part from the marked effect of inoculum size in some circumstances. In vitro and in vivo results support the use of ampicillin, unless the organism produces beta-lactamase. Alternatives in minor infections include tetracycline, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. For serious infections chloramphenicol is the best choice if the organism is ampicillin-resistant or the patient is penicillin-allergic.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae infections in adults: report of nine cases and a review of the literature. 31 Sep 43

During a 14-year period there were 65 cases of pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae b; 83% were children less than 2 years of age and 80% of illness occurred in winter and spring. The roentgenographic picture was consolidative pneumonia in 75% and pleural effusions were present in 75% of all cases. Ten patients had associated meningitis and three had purulent pericarditis. Otitis media was diagnosed in 43% and H influenzae b was isolated from eight middle ear aspirates. Three patients (5%) died. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment are made.
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PMID:Report of 65 cases of Haemophilus influenzae b pneumonia. 31 22

Intravenous inoculation of a British strain of Haemophilus somnus resulted either in fatal peracute or chronic forms of H somnus disease. Pleuritis, pericarditis and arthritis were prominent post mortem findings. Intratracheal inoculation led to severe cellulitis and abscess formation in the neck with acute suppurative bronchopneumonia in one calf, while in another, encapsulated abscesses and pleural adhesions were seen. Intraperitoneal inoculation resulted in fatal fibrinous peritonitis in one calf. The organism was readily recovered from the lesions except when overgrown by post mortem contaminants. Rising antibody titres were detected in two calves 12 days after inoculation by a micro-complement fixation test, and the organism was demonstrated in synovial fluid by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. No organisms were recovered from and no lesions were seen in the nervous tissues of the calves in contrast to studies of this disease in the USA.
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PMID:The experimental infection of calves with a British strain of Haemophilus somnus. 47 90

Septicemic disease occurred in 49 of 126 pigs several days after being transported 80 km. All affected pigs died. The main changes in acutely affected pigs were skin discoloration, pulmonary edema, arthritis, meningitis, and renal glomerular thrombosis. In peracute cases, gross findings were minimal. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from multiple organ sites in most affected pigs. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from nasal swab specimens from 17 of 20 clinically normal pigs on the farm of origin. Fatal acute septicemia was reproduced in 2 pigs by intravenous or intratracheal exposure to an isolant of H parasuis obtained from 1 of of the 49 fatally affected pigs. Aerosol exposure of 5 pigs resulted in mild pneumonia in 4 pigs and severe pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, and terminal septicemia in 1 pig.
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PMID:Haemophilus parasuis infection in swine. 91 94

From May 1973 thorugh April 1974, a total of 83 children with severe Haemophilus influenzae infections were treated in three Denver pediatric hospitals. Although meningitis was the most common clinical manifestation (45 cases), other foci of infection were also noted (pneumonia, 12 cases; cheek cellulitis, eight cases; epiglottitis, eight cases; empyema, seven cases; pericarditis, three cases; arthritis, one case; periorbital cellulitis, one case; and abscess, one case). Nine children had positive blood cultures with H influenzae without an initial detectable focus of infection. Two patients developed clinically apparent sites of infection (osteomyelitis and scalp abscesses).
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PMID:Severe Haemophilus influenzae infections. 107 91

Recent experience in the diagnosis and management of Hemophilus influenzae b pericarditis is described in five children. Anterior pericardectomy appears to be the preferred method of surgical drainage because it was associated with a shorter hospitalization than pericardiocentesis or closed or open pericardotomy and removed the risk of recurrent cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis of sera and pericardial fluid was used to rapidly identify the etiology of pericarditis in four of four patients tested. The observation that three children appeared to develop pericarditis in the absence of a contiguous infectious focus suggests that bacteremic seeding of the pericardium may be important in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae b pericarditis in children. 108 72

The incidence of Hemophilus influenzae, type B, infections in children has been increasing recently, so the number of cases of pericarditis is likely to rise also. We describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of H. influenzae, type B, pericarditis based on 4 patients and a review of the literature. The most common complication is cardiac tamponade, which requires drainage. All patients should be treated with antibiotics (chloramphenicol, ampicillin) and a drainage procedure. Because of several recently reported cases of subsequent constrictive pericarditis, we recomment anterior interphrenic pericardiectomy both for drainage and to prevent constrictive pericarditis. With appropriate therapy the survival rate should be very high.
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PMID:The management of Hemophilus influenzae, Type B, pericarditis. 108 17

Eight hundred and fifty-four piglets which died or were euthanized due to pneumonia or rhinitis atrophicans, were investigated during the period of 1986-1990. Of the animals, 569 showed bronchopneumonia, 218 had pleuritis, pericarditis and peritonitis, 165 had rhinitis atrophicans, 58 pleuropneumonia, and 9 animals had fibrinous pneumonia. Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella haemolytica were isolated in 59.1%, 29.5%, 27.8%, 3.7%, and 2.3% cases of bronchopneumonia respectively. Samples from pigs with pleuritis or rhinitis atrophicans showed Pasteurella multocida in 63.8 and 68.5%, Bordetella bronchiseptica in 28.4 and 39.4%, streptococci in 28.9 and 3.9%, Haemophilus parasuis in 25.2% and 20.6%, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in 5.1 and 5.5%, and Pasteurella haemolytica in 3.2 and 3.0%, respectively Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was found in 51 of 58 cases of pleuropneumonia and in 5 of 9 cases of fibrinous pneumonia; 55.6% and 44.4% respectively of those forms of pneumonia were positive for Pasteurella multocida. In the agar diffusion test, 36.8-82.6% of bacterial isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, 7.7-45.5% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 5.7-44.6% to tetracycline, 0.2-32.8% to ampicillin, 0.0-16.3% to lincospectin, 2.0-81.2% to furazolidone, 0.4-4.5% to chloramphenicol, 1.3-78.1% to penicillin and 0-0.3% to enrofloxacin.
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PMID:[Occurrence and drug resistance of bacteria pathogenic to the lungs from autopsy material of swine]. 148 Dec 14

Pyogenic pericarditis is encountered uncommonly in clinical practice. The majority of cases of clinically apparent pericarditis are viral in origin. When bacterial infection of the pericardial space does occur the causative organism is usually Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species. Isolation of an haemophilus organism from the pericardial space in this condition is distinctly unusual. There are only 10 previously reported cases in the literature of pericarditis secondary to Haemophilus influenzae. This report describes the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with haemophilus empyema and purulent pericarditis progressing to cardiac tamponade. There are isolated reports of successful treatment of pyogenic pericarditis with closed drainage and antibiotics. In the absence of clear evidence demonstrating the efficacy of this approach the authors favour open exploration of the pericardial space.
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PMID:Cardiac tamponade secondary to haemophilus pericarditis: a case report. 157 65


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