Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adverse effects of vaccines include local reactions and systemic symptoms or illnesses. Local reactions are frequent, most often presenting as transient pain, redness, edema and/or nodule. Fever of short duration is the main systemic symptom, generally occurring within 24-48 hours following vaccination. Some vaccines have recognized specific adverse effects such as thrombocytopenic purpura for the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, and febrile convulsions for the pertussis vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine have been respectively suspected to be responsible for neurological demyelinating disease and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but large-scale epidemiological studies have failed to confirm these allegations.
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PMID:[Secondary effects of vaccinations]. 1127 Feb 59

In March 1999 armed conflict broke out in Kosova and about 900,000 ethnic Albanians were displaced. We reviewed the health care offered to the 945 Kosovan refugees who arrived in Ireland in 1999, which included screening for tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis B. On arrival in Ireland 540 refugees had already received oral polio vaccine (57%), 512 diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis or diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (54%), 310 BCG (33%), 207 measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (22%) and 60 Haemophilus influenzae type b (6%). Twelve refugees were diagnosed with TB. Twenty-six refugees were HBsAg positive (3%) and 168 were anti-HBcAg positive (18%). Organised screening of Kosovan refugees on a voluntary basis (uptake > 95%) revealed low percentages who had been immunised and relatively high rates of TB and hepatitis B. The provision of optimum immunisation, screening, and treatment services to address these issues requires substantial staffing and financial resources.
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PMID:Outcome of medical screening of Kosovan refugees in Ireland: 1999. 1128 Feb 62

Private practice physicians in New York City's poorest neighborhoods are typically foreign trained, have generally substandard clinical practices, and have been accused of rushing Medicaid patients through to turn a profit. However, they also represent a sizable share of physician capacity in medically underserved neighborhoods. This article documents the level of credentials, systems, and immunization-related procedures among these physicians. Furthermore, it assesses the relationship between such characteristics and childhood immunization rates. The analysis utilizes a cross-sectional comparison of immunization rates in 60 private practices that submitted 2,500 or more Medicaid claims for children. Immunization data were gathered from medical records for 2,948 randomly selected children under 3 years of age. Half of sampled physicians were board certified (55%), and half were accepted by the Medicaid Preferred Physicians and Children (PPAC) program (51.7%). Of physicians, 43% saw patients only on a walk-in basis, while only 17% scheduled the next appointment while the patient was still in the office. There were 75% of the physicians who reported usually immunizing at acute care visits. Immunization rates were higher among PPAC physicians compared to others (41% vs. 29% up to date for diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis [DTP]/Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib], polio, and measles-mumps-rubella [MMR], P = .01), and board-certified physicians showed a trend toward better immunization rates (39% vs. 30%, P =.07). Physicians who reported usually immunizing at acute care visits also had higher rates than those who did not (38% vs. 27%, P = .05). Scheduling a date and time for the next immunization showed a trend toward association with immunization coverage (37% vs. 28%, P= .10). Private practice physicians who provide high volumes of care reimbursed by Medicaid have improved their credentials and affiliations over time, thereby expanding reimbursement options. Credentials and affiliations were at least as effective in distinguishing relatively high- and low-performing physicians, as were immunization-related practices, suggesting that they are useful markers for higher quality care. The relative success of the PPAC program should inform efforts to improve the capacity and quality of primary care for vulnerable children. Appointment and reminder systems that effectively manage the flow of children back into the office for immunizations and the vigilant use of acute care visits for immunizations go hand in hand. Opportunity exists for payers and plans to encourage and support these actions.
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PMID:Physician credentials and practices associated with childhood immunization rates: private practice pediatricians serving poor children in New York City. 1136 91

Vaccine coverage and role of school physicians for vaccination was evaluated among 1260 and 840 children respectively, in the State of Berne, in 1998. Vaccine coverage (three doses) was sufficient for diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis (95%), but unsatisfactory for pertussis (90%) and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR, 78-80%). The situation was stable in comparison to the year 1995, only vaccine coverage against Haemophilus influenzae Typ b increased (15-20%). School children of non-Swiss origin, especially those born outside Switzerland had partially low vaccination coverage. The percentage vaccinate was 88%, 84% and 68% for MMR. There was no association between vaccine coverage and school examination by family or school physician. The Swiss Public Office of Health should be more involved with the promotion of vaccinations.
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PMID:[Vaccination of young children, at school entrance and completion in the Bern canton 1998]. 1168 Jan 20

Since the early 1970s, childhood vaccination has prevented millions of illnesses and tens of thousands of deaths. For these health benefits to continue, high levels of vaccination coverage must be attained for each new birth cohort and must be monitored to ensure protection from disease, to characterize undervaccinated populations, and to evaluate effortsto increase coverage. The National Immunization Survey (NIS) provides ongoing national estimates of vaccination coverage among preschool-aged children for the 50 states and 28 selected urban areas. For this report, NIS data collected during 2000 were compared with 1999 data; findings indicate that, during 2000, significant increases were reported on the national level of vaccination coverage with varicella and hepatitis B, and small but statistically significant decreases were reported in coverage with diphtheria, and tetanus toxoid, and pertussis vaccine. Coverage with poliovirus vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine were not significantly different from 1999. As in previous years, coverage varied among states. To maximize coverage among preschool-aged children, vaccination providers should continue to apply such strategies as reminders and recalls.
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PMID:National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months--United States, 2000. 1178 73

In 1999 there were 88,229 [corrected] notifications of communicable diseases in Australia reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). The number of notifications in 1999 was an increase of 3 per cent on notifications in 1998 (85,227) and the second largest reporting year since the NNDSS commenced in 1991. Notifications in 1999 consisted of 29,977 bloodborne infections (34% of total), 22,255 gastrointestinal infections (25%), 21,704 sexually transmitted infections (25%), 5,986 vector borne infections (7%),5,228 vaccine preventable infections (6%), 1,967 (2%) other bacterial infections (legionella, meningococcal, leprosy and tuberculosis), 1,012 zoonotic infections (1%) and 3 quarantinable infections (0.003%). Notifications of bloodborne viral diseases particularly hepatitis B and hepatitis C and some sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia continue to increase in Australia. Steep declines in vaccine preventable diseases such as Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps and rubella continued in 1999. This report also summarises data on communicable diseases from other surveillance systems including the Laboratory Virology and Serology Surveillance Scheme (LabVISE) and sentinel general practitioner schemes. In addition this report comments on other important developments in communicable disease control in Australia in 1999.
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PMID:Australia's notifiable diseases status, 1999: annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. 1180 55

Infections jeopardize children on immunosuppression after organ transplantation. Immunization is protective in healthy children. The aims of this study were to analyze the rate and efficacy of immunization in 62 children undergoing dialysis and renal transplantation (RTPL) between 1987 and 2000. The analysis was based on clinical findings, vaccination certificates, and measurement of specific serum antibodies. A member of the renal unit administered vaccinations. All 62 patients were immunized against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis B. Since introduction in 1991 and 1995, 44 and 42 children were also vaccinated against influenza and Hemophilus influenzae type b, respectively. Of 16 patients with a negative history, 14 were given varicella vaccine; 16 children on peritoneal dialysis (PD) or with nephrotic syndrome were immunized against Streptococcus pneumoniae. All vaccinated patients had detectable serum antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B, H. influenzae, and S. pneumoniae. There were 3 infections despite vaccination; 1 patient developed varicella after RTPL and 1 patient on PD had 2 episodes of peritonitis caused by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. In conclusion, monitoring and administration of the vaccines by the renal team enabled a high immunization rate. Whether vaccines, as documented by antibody titers, or by the low prevalence in the general population promoted the low prevalence of infections remains open, as there were at least a few vaccination failures.
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PMID:Immunization in children with chronic renal failure. 1218 73

In 2000, there were 89,740 notifications of communicable diseases in Australia collected by the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). The number of notifications in 2000 was an increase of 5.9 per cent over those reported in 1999 (84,743) and the largest reporting year since the NNDSS commenced in 1991. Notifications in 2000 consisted of 28,341 bloodborne infections (32% of total), 24,319 sexually transmitted infections (27%), 21,303 gastrointestinal infections (24%), 6,617 vaccine preventable infections (7%), 6,069 vectorborne infections (7%), 2,121 other bacterial infections (legionellosis, meningococcal infection, leprosy and tuberculosis) (2%), 969 zoonotic infections (1%) and only one case of a quarantinable infection. Steep declines in some childhood vaccine preventable diseases such as Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps and rubella, continued in 2000. In contrast, notifications of pertussis and legionellosis increased sharply in the year. Notifications of bloodborne viral diseases (particularly hepatitis B and hepatitis C) and some sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, continue to increase in Australia. This report also summarises data on communicable diseases from other surveillance systems including the Laboratory Virology and Serology Surveillance Scheme (LabVISE) and sentinel general practitioner schemes. In addition this report comments on other important developments in communicable disease control in Australia in 2000.
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PMID:Australia's notifiable diseases status, 2000. Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. 1220 70

Children with sickle cell anemia are more exposed to infection than healthy children. Indeed, infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell anemia, especially those aged 6 months to 5 years. Phagocytosis is reduced in these children. Polynuclear neutrophils reveal various poorly understood irregularities and are associated with a reduction of phagocytic power: zinc deficiency, reduced post-phagocytic oxidative metabolism, and a prevalence of neutrophils not forming red sheep-like globule carriers of immunoglobulin H. The power of the antibody which renders germs susceptible to phagocytosis in the serum is reduced in sickle cell patients. This may be tied to a disorder in the alternate complementary route with reduction of C3 and properdin. Sequestration of sickle cell-shaped red blood cells, splenic congestion, and short circuits of important functional territories contribute to spleen dysfunction, which occurs early. Common pathogens attacking sickle cell patients are pneumococci, salmonella species, and Haemophilus influenzae. They cause very grave infections (e.g., septicemia and purulent meningitis). Prevention of infections dwells on three perspectives: early screening for sickle cell anemia and for spleen dysfunction, preventive penicillin therapy, and vaccination. In Benin, vaccination is the only means to prevent infections. Essential vaccinations for children with sickle cell anemia include BCG, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, polio, and Rouvax. Strongly recommended vaccinations are Pneumovax 23, HEVAC B, TAB, vaccine against H. influenzae, and vaccine against mumps. A vaccine calendar for children with sickle cell anemia guides health workers when they must administer the vaccines and their boosters over a six year period. It is not yet universal in health facilities in Benin. A short- and long-term evaluation of the calendar's efficacy would allow one to appreciate its real impact on reducing morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell anemia.
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PMID:[Prevention of infectious diseases in the drepanocytic child]. 1229 Jan 82

Combination vaccines have been introduced in Mexico. The national immunization program has incorporated the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines in 1998, and the pentavalent vaccine in 1999. The two categories of antigen composition in combination vaccines are: 1) multiple different antigenic types of a single pathogen, such as the 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and 2) antigens from different pathogens causing different diseases, such as the DPT and MMR vaccines. Pentavalent vaccines are included in the second category. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and other diseases produced by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenza type b (DTP-HB/Hib) vaccine has been distributed to 87% of Mexican children under 1 year of age. Over 800,000 doses of pentavalent vaccine have been administered.
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PMID:Mexico introduces pentavalent vaccine. 1234 63


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