Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1985-1989 the etiological structure of acute bacterial meningitides (ABM) in children was studied in 4 largest industrial cities in different regions of the European part of the former USSR, as well as in 2 industrial cities of western Siberia. Due to the common methodological approach used in all investigations, comparable data were obtained in all cities. These investigations revealed that meningococci caused 53.0-86.7% of all cases of ABM in children, which corresponded to moderately increased morbidity rate in meningococcal infection (3.9-11.0 cases per 100,000 of the population, mostly 5.0-7.0 cases) in these cities with its progressive decrease during 3-4 years of observation. The gradual change of meningococci from group A, prevailing in the '70s and early '80s, to group B and in some cases the appearance of group C meningococci, accompanied by a decrease in morbidity rate, were noted. In St. Petersburg the indices of ABM morbidity in children aged up to 5 years for 1987 and 1988, caused by Haemophilus influenzae (0.74 and 4.13) and pneumococci (3.23 and 4.86), could be calculated. A great number of ABM cases of unclear etiology (15.9-33.3%) suggests that the number of ABM cases caused by these two infective agents was underestimated.
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PMID:[The etiological structure of acute bacterial meningitis in different regions]. 146 62

Modified polystyrene latexes with high adsorption capacity, comparable to that of latexes produced by Difco Laboratories (USA), have been developed in the USSR. Diagnostic latex preparations for the detection of meningococci of serogroups A, C, Y and Haemophilus influenza, type b, prepared on the basis of these new latexes, have shown high specificity and sensitivity in experimental and clinical tests. The latex preparations for the detection of serogroup B meningococci requires further improvement. The use of latex preparations, together with other laboratory methods, in the diagnosis of meningococcal infection has promoted the etiological confirmation of the disease in 84% of cases; this method has proved to be 1.5 times more effective than the bacteriological one and not less sensitive than the enzyme immunoassay, while being more specific.
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PMID:[Microanalytical methods: latex agglutination and immunoenzyme analysis in the diagnosis of meningococcal infection]. 312 Apr 46

The laboratory examination, by microscopic or bacteriological methods and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, of CSF and blood from 2653 patients with purulent bacterial meningitis, including those with clinically diagnosed meningococcal infection, was carried out between June 1980 and June 1984. The results showed three main etiological agents: meningococci (79.9%), pneumococci (10.8%) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (5.25%). Out of 488 Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from the CSF or blood, 58.2% belonged to serogroup A, 17.2% to serogroup B, and 14% to serogroup C; infection due to the B serogroup reached nearly 59% among children in 1984. Serotypes were determined in 131 out of 151 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the most frequent were types 1, 19 and 3; type 34, which was isolated from 4 patients, is not a component of the pneumococcal vaccine. The age groups at high risk were children under 5 years old (for meningococcal infection), adults and babies in the first year (pneumococcal meningitis), and children under 3 years, especially between 6 months and 2 years old (H.influenzae type b infection).
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PMID:Surveillance of meningococcal infections and other forms of purulent meningitis: a 4-year study in the USSR. 348 41

A nationwide epidemiological survey on invasive (blood and/or CSF culture positive) Haemophilus influenzae (HI) and meningococcal infections was performed in Finland in 1976-1980. The mean annual incidence of HI infection was 3.4/100,000 inhabitants (813 cases) vs. 2.0/100,000 (469 cases) of meningococcal infection. HI infections showed no geographical predilection, but meningococcal disease, mainly of group B, was more common in northern than in southern Finland (p less than 0.005). Meningitis accounted for 61% of the HI and 91% of the meningococcal infections. The overall fatality rates were 3.1% and 7.9%, respectively. Children accounted for 94% of the HI and 59% of the meningococcal cases. The overall annual incidence of bacterial meningitis in children (less than 15 years) was 19/100,000; in children less than 5 years it was 52/100,000. HI was the most common (62%) causative agent, followed by meningococci (18%) and pneumococci (5%). The fatality rate was 4%. Major neurological sequelae were found in 5%, minor ones in 16%. It was calculated that 42% of the cases of meningitis could have been prevented by vaccines now available on the market. Vaccines now under field investigation may increase the preventability to about 65%.
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PMID:Invasive haemophilus influenzae and meningococcal infections in Finland. A climatic, epidemiologic and clinical approach. 356 24

As the result of laboratory examination of 2165 patients with virulent bacterial meningitides, including cases of meningococcal infection, the etiological diagnosis was confirmed in 1407 patients (65.0%), the number of cases confirmed by the laboratory examination being significantly greater among adults than among children: 67.5 +/- 1.37% and 63.1 +/- 1.53%, respectively, (t = 2.1). Meningococcal infection was confirmed in 1111 (70.6%) out of 1572 patients under examination. Of the patients with purulent meningitides, pneumococcal etiology was determined in 27.4%, type b of Haemophilus influenzae in 13.5%, other infective agents in 10.0%. The comparison of the results obtained in the examination, carried out by different methods, of 946 children and 770 adults with meningococcal infection revealed a considerable difference in the number of positive results yielded by the bacteriological method and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Among adults meningococci were isolated twice as frequently (41.1 +/- 2.5% - 19.4 +/- 1.6%), and the results yielded by CIE were predominantly positive (55.1 +/- 2.5% and 40.1 +/- 2.5%). CIE and the immunoenzyme assay were shown to have advantages in the diagnosis of the disease. Under the conditions of intensive antibiotic therapy the methods based on the detection of specific antigens in body fluids can greatly assist in diagnosis.
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PMID:[Etiological diagnosis of suppurative bacterial meningitis today]. 388 18

The results of the evaluation of the diagnostic latex preparations Bactigen, manufactured by Wampole Laboratories (USA) and intended for the detection of meningococcal antigens, serogropus A, B, C, Y, pneumococcal polyantigens and type b Haemophilus influenzae antigens in the spinal fluid and blood of patients with meningococcal infection and purulent bacterial meningitides, are presented. The pathological material was studied by traditional methods and by the latex agglutination (LAG) test. 522 LAG tests were made, including 414 tests for meningococcal infection, 60 tests for pneumococcal infection and 48 tests for type b H. influenzae. The results of this study revealed that the latex preparations were highly specific with respect to type b H. influenzae antigens and meningococcal antigens (false positive reactions constituted 0.96%). The simplicity of the test and the rapid techniques making it possible to obtain results within 30-40 minutes indicate good prospects of using the LAG test in laboratory practice.
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PMID:[Specific latex preparations in the etiological diagnosis of suppurative bacterial meningitis]. 393 91

To determine the etiology of apparent meningococcemia, all cases of sepsis with coagulopathy, purpura, and/or adrenal hemorrhage (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) with and without shock occurring over a 12-year period were reviewed. A total of 42 cases were identified; 30 cases were caused by Neisseria meningitidis and 12 cases were caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Compared with patients with disease caused by H influenzae, patients with meningococcal disease were older, more often male, more often contracted the disease in winter-spring, and had a longer duration of antecedent symptoms; however, none of these differences was statistically significant. All patients were febrile (greater than 38 degrees C) and appeared toxic. Similar proportions in each group had shock and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy at the time of admission. Ten of 12 patients with H influenzae infection compared with 15/30 (P less than .05) with meningococcal infection were lethargic or comatose at the time of admission. Nine of 12 patients with H influenzae infection died compared with 5/30 with meningococcal disease (P less than .005); the mean time from onset of symptoms to death with H influenzae infection (20.7 +/- 11.4 [SE] hours) was significantly shorter (P less than .05) than with meningococcal infection (120 +/- 74.4 hours). Children with clinical signs of sepsis and with purpura, petechiae, or coagulopathy may have N meningitidis or H influenzae as etiologic agents. Initial antibiotic therapy should be directed against these pathogens.
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PMID:Apparent meningococcemia: clinical features of disease due to Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. 641 7

The materials on the development and use of the test system, based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and intended for the detection of specific group A and C meningococcal polysaccharides and type b Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharide in the spinal fluid of patients, are presented. In this work commercial preparations manufactured in the USSR were used, and all parameters of the assay were developed on the basis of these preparations. The study was made on the samples of spinal fluid from 410 patients; of these, 203 had meningococcal infection, 57 had purulent bacterial meningitides and 150 had other diseases (acute respiratory diseases, influenza, etc.). As demonstrated by the results of this study, ELISA proved to be a highly specific and sensitive technique. In the investigation of the spinal fluid samples from the patients with meningococcal infection the use of ELISA with bacteriological techniques increased the number of positive results to 67%; with countercurrent electrophoresis, to 78%; and with bacterioscopy, to 83.8%. ELISA is recommended for practical use as an auxiliary laboratory technique and as a rapid method for the diagnosis of meningococcal infection.
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PMID:[Immunoenzyme method in the diagnosis of meningococcal infections]. 643 65

The results of the laboratory examination of 2034 patients with meningococcal infection and purulent meningitides, hospitalized during the period of June 1980 to October 1983, revealed that three main etiological agents were responsible for these diseases: meningococci, pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. The susceptibility of the patients to different etiological agents was found to depend on their age. Children aged up to 3 years constituted 75% of the patients with meningitis caused by H. influenzae; 50% of the patients with meningococcal infection were children aged up to 5 years; pneumococcal meningitis occurred more frequently in adults. Serogroup A meningococci were found to prevail in patients with meningococcal infection. Besides, in children serogroup C meningococci could be isolated in 24% of cases. Since 1983 the cases of the isolation of strains belonging to serogroup B increased in number. Among the pneumococci responsible for the disease serotypes 1, 19, 6 and in children serotype 12 occurred most frequently.
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PMID:[Etiology of suppurative bacterial meningitis]. 644 81

The value of the latex agglutination test in meningitis was assessed. This was positive in 60% cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 93% of Haemophilus influenzae type b, and 39% of Neisseria meningitidis infections. We cannot support the view that this test was more valuable than Gram staining in partially treated meningitis and cannot recommend its routine use. It may, however, be valuable if Gram staining does not identify an organism or if it suggests meningococcal infection.
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PMID:Latex agglutination testing in bacterial meningitis. 757 63


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