Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The medical records of 132 children with meningitis treated at King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia, between June 1994 and May 1996, were reviewed with a view to defining the incidence, types of meningitis, their management and clinical outcome. Subjects were classified into three groups: bacterial, partially treated, and viral meningitis. There were 37 patients (28%) in period I (1994/95) and 95 (72%) in period II (1995/96). The higher incidence in period II was accounted for by a sharply increased incidence of viral meningitis in the latter half of the period. Of the 132 patients, 36 (27.3%) had bacterial meningitis, 45 (34.1%) had partially treated meningitis and 51 (38.6%) had viral meningitis. The most common CSF isolate was Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) from 24 (66.7%) of the 36 bacterial meningitis cases. About half of the cases of HIB meningitis occurred in infants under the age of 12 months.
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PMID:Childhood meningitis at King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. 1733 5

Aseptic meningitis refers to a clinical syndrome of meningeal inflammation in which bacteria cannot be identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The viral etiology and the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of aseptic meningitis among children aged 2 months to 15 years in Shiraz, southern Iran were determined. From May 2007 to April 2008, 65 patients were admitted to the hospital with aseptic meningitis. Seven viruses, non-polio human enteroviruses, mumps virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Viruses were detected in 30 (46.2%) patients in whom non-polio human enterovirus and mumps virus were detected in 13 (43.3%) and 11 (36.7%), respectively. The remaining 6 (20%) of the cases were caused by HSV, VZV, HCMV, and HHV-6. Haemophilus influenzae and non-polio human enterovirus were detected in one patient simultaneously. Viral meningitis was found to be more frequent during spring and summer. The majority (66.6%) of the patients were treated in the hospital for 10 days and had received antibiotics in the case of bacterial meningitis. Rapid diagnosis of viral meningitis using PCR testing of CSF can help shorten hospitalization, and avoid the unnecessary use of antibiotics.
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PMID:Viral etiology of aseptic meningitis among children in southern Iran. 2141 95

Introduction of conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis has led to a substantial reduction in cases of acute bacterial meningitis in countries with high routine childhood immunization coverage. The majority of children hospitalized with meningitis in high-income countries have viral or aseptic meningitis and do not require antibiotic treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is irreplaceable in appropriately diagnosing and treating bacterial meningitis and avoiding unnecessary antibiotics and prolonged hospitalizations in children with viral meningitis. New diagnostic tests have improved detection of bacterial and viral pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid, underscoring the importance of promptly performing lumbar puncture when meningitis is suspected. This article provides an overview of acute bacterial and viral meningitis in children, focusing on the changing epidemiology, the advantages and limitations of conventional and newer diagnostic methods, and considerations for clinical practice.
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PMID:To LP or not to LP? Identifying the Etiology of Pediatric Meningitis. 3120 43


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