Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Capsular antigens of Neisseria meningitidis groups A, B, C, Y and W135, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were searched in CSF specimens of 66 patients with acute meningitis, using a latex agglutination test. Simultaneously CSF samples were processed for Gram stain and culture. Blood cultures were also performed in all patients. The test was positive in 43 (82.7%) samples: N. meningitidis-19, S. pneumoniae-18 and H. influenzae-6. In 32 samples the result of the test was concordant with CSF or blood culture. In 11 cases the test was positive but CSF or blood cultures were negative. Gram stain was diagnostic in 13 (25%) samples in which the latex agglutination test was also positive, and were negative in the remaining cases. There were six false negative tests. In 17 cases the test, culture and Gram stain were simultaneously negative: 14 cases corresponded to viral meningitis, and the three other were unidentified purulent meningitis. Concluding, the test was useful in early aetiologic diagnosis of acute meningitis, but the occurrence of false negative results requires a complete bacteriological study.
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PMID:Use of a latex agglutination test in rapid diagnosis of acute meningitis. 249 Jun 95

A retrospective review of data from two institutions demonstrated that the Limulus amebocyte lysate test was a simple and cost-effective means to screen cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) for Gram-negative agents of meningitis. Results of either gelation Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) or chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (CLAL) tests on 1504 CSF were evaluated along with results of antigen detection tests [ADT; either latex agglutination (LA) or counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE)], cultures, and Gram-stains. All 127 CSF positive for Haemophilus or Neisseria by culture and/or ADT were also positive by Limulus test (100%). The sensitivities of Gram stain examination, culture, LA, and CIE for these two pathogens were 81%, 91%, 86%, and 63%, respectively. The Limulus test on lumbar CSF was positive in 67% of cases with other Gram-negative bacillary meningitis, in 33% of cases with Gram-negative bacillary abscess or ventriculitis, in none of the cases with Gram-positive, mycobacterial, treponemal, fungal, or viral meningitis, and in 1% of cases with either normal or otherwise negative bacteriologic findings. Overall, sensitivity and specificity of the Limulus test were 97% and 99%, respectively. The cost of either version of the Limulus test was less than 15% of the cost of ADT batteries for Haemophilus and Neisseria. Based on its sensitivity for Haemophilus and Neisseria in CSF, we propose its use as a cost-effective screen to minimize the need for the more expensive ADT batteries.
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PMID:Use of the Limulus amebocyte lysate test as a cost-effective screen for gram-negative agents of meningitis. 311 74

Analysis of 121 consecutive cases with infection of the nervous system showed that the majority were the granulomatous infections, tuberculosis and brucellosis (53 cases (44 per cent)). Thirty-nine patients had tuberculosis and 14 had brucellosis. The clinical and microbiological pattern of infection differs from that frequently reported from Western countries. Tuberculosis lesions presented with features of intracranial space occupying lesions (14), spinal cord compression (13) and lumbosacral root compression (1 child). Ten adults and one child had tuberculous meningitis. Pyogenic meningitis present in 38 cases (31 per cent), was most common in children. The infecting organism was identified in 26 patients; Gram-positive cocci in 17, Haemophilus influenzae in four and other Gram-negative organisms in five. Eleven patients had brain abscesses, caused by bacterial infection in eight, fungal infection in two and Toxoplasma gondii in one. Nineteen patients had clinical and pathological features of viral meningitis. Fourteen patients (12 per cent) died including six children with pyogenic meningitis.
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PMID:The pattern of infection of the nervous system in Riyadh: a review of 121 cases. 325 3

Cefuzoname (CZON, L-105) a newly developed cephalosporin, has broad spectrum on Gram-positive or -negative bacteria and may also be effective against Staphylococcus aureus against which third generation cephalosporins are largely ineffective. We studied the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of CZON on infectious disease of children. The diseases we studied included 2 cases of bacterial meningitis and 1 case each of viral meningitis, enterocolitis, upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, and mycoplasmal pneumonia. CZON was administered by drip infusion. Dose levels were 20-53 mg/kg/30-60 minutes, 3 times a day. For 5 cases, was studied time course of concentrations of CZON in plasma. Median T 1/2 was 0.96 hour. Concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in cases of pneumonia and bacterial meningitis. In the case of pneumonia the CSF concentration of CZON was 0.272 microgram/ml after 45 minutes, in the case of meningitis they were 0.155 microgram/ml after 5 hours. Both of these values were higher than MIC of 0.025 microgram/ml against Haemophilus influenzae which was isolated from a case of bacterial meningitis. This MIC was lower than that of cefotiam and cefazolin, as well as of cefmenoxime. Clinical effects were excellent on pneumonia, good on upper respiratory infection, fair on mycoplasmal pneumonia. CZON, however, was ineffective in the treatment of a case of bacterial meningitis from which a susceptible strain of H. influenzae was isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on cefuzoname in the field of pediatrics]. 361 97

The concentrations of mezlocillin in the cerebrospinal fluid were measured in ten patients with viral meningitis after a single infusion of 5 g lasting 30 minutes. One to two hours after infusion the CSF concentrations were between 0.1 mcg/ml and 1.6 mcg/ml, and thus exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations of Neisseria meningitidis and Diplococcus pneumoniae, the most common pathogens in bacterial meningitis in adults. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ampicillin-sensitive strains of Haemophilus influenzae was also attained. Further investigations must be carried out, in order to ascertain whether higher CSF concentrations are attained in bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:[Concentrations of mezlocillin in cerebrospinal fluid in vira meningitis (author's transl)]. 645 3

When studying acute and convalescent phase sera of patients with bacteraemic diseases, an unexpected rise of antibody activity (measured as binding of radioactive antigen) towards the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group A (MenA) was observed in 59 out of 292 patients whose infection was caused by other organisms (other groups of N. meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus). This non-specific reaction was not seen in non-bacteraemic diseases (Mycoplasma pneumonia, viral meningitis) or after immunization with H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide or Salmonella and cholera whole cell vaccines. The 'unspecific' anti-MenA antibodies were of all immunoglobulin classes A, G and M tested, and had lower avidity than did those in the specific response. They were clearly inhibitable by N-acetylmannosamine which inhibited the specific antibodies only marginally.
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PMID:The unspecific antibody response to N. meningitidis group A capsular polysaccharide often seen in bacteraemic diseases. 680 41

This article discusses the infectious disease meningitis--a notifiable disease since 1912 (Payling, 1994). The major concern is bacterial meningitis and in particular the meningococcal cause. Viral meningitis is also considered. Some 50% of cases of meningitis in the UK are of the viral kind, where the patient usually makes a full recovery and in some instances may not be aware of having contracted the disease (Payling, 1994). Cases of bacterial meningitis are few and if treated effectively and with urgency can result in full recovery; however, any delay may result in fatal sequelae. Bacterial meningitis occurs mainly as a result of meningococcal, pneumococcal or Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) infection. The latter has largely been eradicated in England and Wales as a result of effective immunization programmes. The nurse must develop an awareness of the disease, and diagnose it at an early stage. He/she should know the procedures for referring the patient to prevent an escalation of the infection and to reduce the severity of its effects.
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PMID:Meningitis: causes, symptoms and signs and nursing management. 1088 6

A 2.5-year-old boy and a 2-month-old girl presented with fever without an apparent source. Additional laboratory tests were requested due to alarming signs for the presence of a serious bacterial infection. Pneumonia and viral meningitis respectively were diagnosed, and adequate therapy led to a quick and complete recovery. Due to changing prospects following the near eradication of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections by vaccination, there are no suitable guidelines at present concerning fever without an apparent source in children. A selection of patients at risk can first of all be made based on patient history and a physical examination and secondly by carrying out additional laboratory tests. Furthermore, careful evaluation, clinical acumen, well-informed parents and observation are all important elements in the treatment of these patients.
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PMID:[Young child with fever of unknown origin in the 'post Haemophilus influenzae era']. 1180 35

In Poland, 861 cases of bacterial meningitis and encephalitis, 307 cases of viral encephalitis, 1022 of viral meningitis and 286 cases of meningitis and encephalitis of other or unknown etiology were reported in 2002. Incidence of the bacterial central nervous system infections has been declining over the past decade and the level of viral infections, following the outbreak in the mid-nineties, remained stable. Etiological factor was determined in 365 (42%) cases of bacterial meningitis/encephalitis. Among them Neisseria meningitidis was found in 90 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 72 cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 85 cases. As in the past type B was the predominant type of N. meningitidis cultured from the patients, but type C appears to be on the rise accounting for 35% of the serotyped strains. 126 cases of tick borne encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2002, most of them from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country.
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PMID:[Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2002]. 1521 44

In Poland, 829 cases of bacterial meningitis and encephalitis, 563 cases of viral encephalitis, 973 of viral meningitis and 300 cases of meningitis and encephalitis of other or unknown etiology were reported in 2003. Incidence of the bacterial central nervous system infections has been declining over the past decade and the level of viral infections other then tick-borne encephalitis, following the outbreak in the mid-nineties, remained stable. Etiological factor was determined in 352 (42%) cases of bacterial meningitis/encephalitis. Among them Neisseria meningitidis was found in 76 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 68 cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 91 cases. As in the past type B was the predominant type of N. meningitidis cultured from the patients, but type C appears to be on the rise accounting for 36% of the strains serotyped in 2003. Tick borne encephalitis increased markedly in 2003, with the highest ever noted number of cases (339). Most of the cases were reported from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country.
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PMID:[Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2003]. 1619 May 27


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