Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study was done to determine the effect of prior antibiotic therapy on concentrations of bacteria in CSF at the time of diagnosis. Concentrations of Haemophilus influenzae type b in CSF of partially treated patients were significantly smaller than in CSF of untreated patients. This was also true of patients with meningococcal meningitis, but no difference was observed between patients with pneumococcal meningitis. The identification of H influenzae by Gram stain of CSF was significantly decreased by prior antibiotic therapy. Measurable levels of antibiotic (penicillins, aminoglycosides) were present in CSF of ten of 23 patients. Two partially treated patients were diagnosed by detection of meningococcal antigen in CSF by counterimmunoelectrophoresis although cultures of CSF were sterile. Both of these patients had measurable levels of penicillin in CSF. These data indicate that prior antibiotic therapy significantly decreases the concentration of H influenzae type b and meningococcus in CSF and therefore decreases the usefulness of CSF Gram stain. Partial therapy may sterilize the CSF of some patients.
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PMID:Effect of prior antibiotic therapy on concentrations of bacteria in CSF. 2 90

Sensitive radioimmunoassays capable of measuring 0-5 ng/ml of the Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and 2 ng/ml of the groups A and C meningococcal polysaccharides were developed and used to detect these substances in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Polysaccharide of the causative agent was detected in the CSF of 14 out of 15 patients with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis, in 18 out of 23 patients with group A, and in two out of four patients with group C meningococcal meningitis. In some cases the antigen could be detected even after three days of antibacterial treatment. No false positive reactions were seen. The assay procedure could be shortened to approximately three hours. These assays could be useful in routine diagnostic work and epidemiological investigations.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of capsular polysaccharide antigens of groups A and C meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae type b in cerebrospinal fluid. 41 Aug 46

The passage of 6-[(R)-2-[3-methylsulfonyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenyl-acetamido)-penicillanic acid sodium salt (mezlocillin, Baypen), into the CSF was studied in 9 patients with symptoms of acute meningitis, presumed to be of viral origin. The antibiotic was given as a single 5 g dose i.v. over 30 min. The CSF/serum concentration ratio of mezlocillin showed a variation from 0 to 10.7%. The antibiotic could be effective in the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae and by most Enterobacteriaceae, provided these results will be confirmed by a study now in progress. In one patient suffering from meningococcal meningitis this concentration ratio varied between 72% (day 3) and 54% (day 12).
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of mezlocillin. 54 3

An analysis of 219 confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis among Navajo Indians during a 5-year period, July 1, 1968, through June 30, 1973, revealed that 56 percent were caused by Haemophilus influenzae, 26 percent by Neisseria meningitidis, 6 percent by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 6 percent by other organisms. The annual incidence of H. influenzae meningitis (17.7 per 100,000 persons) and that of pneumococcal meningitis (8.0 per 100,000) were much higher than the rates for these diseases reported from other population groups. The annual incidence of meningococcal meningitis (2.0 per 100,000) was similar to that found elsewhere. There was an ususual concentration of cases during the first year of life; 78 percent of H. influenzae, 64 percent of pneumococcal, and 50 percent of meningococcal meningitis occurred during this time. However, bacterial meningitis during the first month of life was not frequent (0.29 per 1,000 live births). Case fatality rates were similar to those reported for other population groups.
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PMID:Bacterial meningitis in Navojo Indians. 82 72

The children were admitted over a 14-year period (1975-1988) from an admission area of average Danish population distribution. The incidence was 15.5/100,000 children per year. The area had endemics of meningococcal disease in the years 1983-1984. The etiology was meningococcal in 43%, Hemophilus influenzae in 33% and pneumococci in 9% of the patients. Regardless of etiology, the antibiotic schedule was ampicillin 400 mg/kg body weight/day. Resistance to ampicillin was not found in any of the bacterial cultures. Within two weeks before admission 59% of the children had experienced a febrile illness. The diagnosis of meningitis was missed before admission in 24% of the cases. On admission, 93% had typical clinical signs of meningitis. 87% were lethargic or comatose. 31% had convulsion and in 13% the peripheral circulation was compromised. Recrudescence was suspected in one patient. Sequelae were most commonly found in children with meningococcal meningitis and were persistent in 23% of all the children. Severe or less severe neurological handicaps were seen in 29% (psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy and hearing loss). One patient with Waterhouse-Friederichsens syndrome died. Thus the overall mortality was 1.2%, which is low compared to treatment results reported by others.
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PMID:[Purulent meningitis in childhood. Treatment results in 87 children between 7 month and 15 years of age]. 200 Jun 65

The duration of antibiotic treatment of bacterial meningitis is always a topical issue. In our study (58 children), 21 of 24 meningococcal meningitis were treated for 4 or 5 days, 16 of 22 Haemophilus influenzae and 4 of 6 pneumococcal meningitis were treated for 7 days without increase in neurologic sequelae. A return of blood CRP levels to normal values was observed in all these patients simultaneously. Thus, CRP seems to be a good biological parameter for discussing treatment discontinuation. Furthermore, in some complications such as subdural effusion, a new increase of CRP levels was observed after the 5th day. A sequential follow-up of CRP levels at days J0, 5, 7, 10, seems a very useful tool for management of bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:[Reduction of antibiotic treatment of bacterial meningitis in children. Value of C-reactive protein monitoring]. 207 22

In 1964, one of us (WHG) undertook a retrospective study of bacterial meningitis in childhood in the north east of Scotland during the period 1946-61. We have recently carried out a similar review of cases occurring during 1971-86, to compare the incidence, mortality, and bacteriological patterns. During the earlier period 285 cases occurred, a total incidence of 16.9/100,000 children per year. In the later period 274 children were affected, an annual incidence of 17.8/100,000. The overall mortality rate fell dramatically from 11.9% to 1.8%, the latter figure comparing favourably with recent published studies from Scandinavia and the United States. There was a change in the bacteriological profile in the second period with a significant rise in cases due to Haemophilus influenzae at all ages. A fall in cases of meningococcal meningitis was significant in infants under 1 year of age only. Possible reasons for the change in the bacteriological pattern are discussed.
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PMID:Changes in bacterial meningitis. 235 86

A prospective study using a Latex particle agglutination test for the detection of bacterial antigens in CSF has been carried out in 91 patients in Kamuzu Central Hospital, Malawi. The antigens sought were those of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae b, Neisseria meningitidis B/E. coli K1, and Neisseria meningitidis A,C,Y,W 135. Forty-one patients had proven bacterial meningitis, two had tuberculous meningitis, 39 had cerebral malaria, four had aseptic meningitis and five had convulsions. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests (Str. pneumoniae, 88% and 100%, H. influenzae b, 87% and 96%; N. meningitidis A,C,Y,W 135, 100% and 100%; and N. meningitidis B, 100% and 98%) were as good as those reported from developed countries. Unlike in some other parts of Africa, group B meningococci seem to predominate in cases of meningococcal meningitis in Malawi.
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PMID:Latex particle agglutination tests as an adjunct to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: a study from Malawi. 248 30

A total of 250 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were analyzed using a rapid enzyme immunoassay (Pharmacia Meningitis EIA-Test) (EIA) for the detection of antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis (serogroups A,B,C) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (25 selected types). The test is performed in less than 1 h and read by the naked eye. EIA and coagglutination (CoA) were compared with a constructed reference that comprised samples which were either positive by culture and/or on direct microscopy (DM), or in which there were positive results with both EIA and CoA for the bacteria covered by the assays. Using this reference for CSF samples assayed in a period between two meningococcal meningitis epidemics, the sensitivity was 0.86 for EIA and 0.69 for CoA, the specificity 0.95 (EIA) and 0.97 (CoA), the predictive value for a positive result 0.81 (EIA) and 0.87 (CoA) and, the predictive value for a negative result 0.96 (EIA) and 0.93 (CoA). Antibiotics had been given to 54% of the patients before admission. All of the 56 samples that were positive in any of the tests taken during an epidemic of group A meningococcal disease were detected by EIA; CoA was negative in 45% and culture/DM was negative in 32%. Sequential dilutions of two CSF samples from which H. influenzae type b had been isolated, showed the EIA to be 16-32 times more sensitive than CoA. With both technical feasibility and good sensitivity and specificity, the EIA seems to be useful and reliable for the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, especially in situations where pretreatment with antibiotics are likely.
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PMID:Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by an enzyme immunoassay of cerebrospinal fluid. 250 29

Three recent cases of inherited deficiency of the seventh component of complement (C7) associated with recurrent infectious meningitis are described. Two cases were associated with meningococcal meningitis, the third is the first case report of C7 inherited deficiency associated with Haemophilus parainfluenzae meningitis. Family studies are consistent with inheritance and non-HLA-linked, autosomal codominant trait of the C7 deficiency. The three patients have remained well, following antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:[Familial deficiency of complement factor 7: association with bacterial meningitis. Apropos of 3 recent cases]. 304 43


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