Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical effect of amoxicillin was evaluated in 29 cases of the acute infections of ear, nose and throat: 8 cases of acute purulent otitis media, one case of acute otitis externa, one case of furuncle of the ear, 2 cases of acute sinusitis, 12 cases of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 2 cases of pharyngolaryngitis, one case of acute cervical lymphadenitis, one case of phlegmon of the face and one case of acute gingivitis. The following results were obtained from the clinical and laboratory studies. 1) The therapeutic results were excellent in 18 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 3 cases. The effect was observed in 79.3% of the patients treated. 2) The causative bacteria were: 3 strains of beta-Streptococcus hemolyticus, 4 strains of Hemophilus, 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, one strain of Diplococcus pneumoniae, one strain of Gram-positive Diplococcus and Gram-negative Bacillus. Clinically good results were obtained in patients infected with beta-Streptococcus hemolyticus, Hemophilus and Diplococcus pneumoniae. 3) No side effect was observed with amoxicillin, except slight diarrhea in one case. This side effect disappeared by cessation of the administration. 4) No unfavourable influence was noticed on peripheral blood, liver function nor renal function by administration of amoxicillin. 5) From the results of this series, amoxicillin seems to be useful in the treatment of acute infections of the ear, nose and throat.
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PMID:[Clinical study on amoxicillin in otorhinolaryngological field (author's transl)]. 115 88

Among cases of infantile acute pharyngolaryngitis with cough as a chief complaint, 21 cases that the involvement of bacterial infections has been demonstrated were given minocycline (MINO) and the effectiveness and safety of MINO were investigated. 1. Regarding the clinical effectiveness, the number of cases assessed as markedly effective was 9 (43%) and that as effective was 8 (38%), so that the effectiveness rate was 81%, and particularly, in the infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, MINO showed a high effectiveness. 2. Five strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 16 strains of H. influenzae, a total of 23 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, and MINO showed high activities against not less than 80% of these strains. 3. The bacteriological effect in terms of the rate of eradication was 71%, and that of H. influenzae was as high as 88%, while S. pneumoniae remained in 3 of 5 cases. 4. Adverse reactions were observed in 2 cases (10%), 1 case each of abdominal pain and stomatitis, and both of them were improved after the treatment termination. 5. Regarding the usefulness, which was comprehensively assessed using clinical effectiveness and safety as criteria, the number of cases evaluated satisfactorily useful was 8 (38%) and that as useful was 8 (38%), so that the overall usefulness rate was 76%. From the above results, it was confirmed that MINO is a drug having high efficacy and safety against infantile acute pharyngolaryngitis with cough as a chief complaint caused by H. influenzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies on minocycline in infantile acute pharyngolaryngitis with cough]. 774 16

We investigated clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil (CEMT-PI) on community-acquired respiratory tract infection and obtained the following results: This method of investigation was almost the same to those adopted in 1994 and 1996. 1. 512 cases of respiratory tract infection were treated with CEMT-PI under the same protocol at a total of 53 institutions in Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba and Yamanashi prefectures from January, 1, 1998 over March, 31, 1998. Outpatients accounted for 99.7% of all subjects. Diagnoses given to these patients included pharyngolaryngitis (51.4%), tonsillitis (37.7%), and acute bronchitis (10.1%). 2. For the bacteriological study, a manual detailing the method of collecting specimens, storage and transport was distributed to the above-mentioned institutions. The isolation and identification of suspected causative bacteria, determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and investigation of beta-lactamase production were conducted all together at Section of Studies, Tokyo Clinical Research Center. Suspected causative bacteria were detected in 144 (37.2%) out of 387 cases that were the analytical subjects of the clinical efficacy. The major bacteria identified were 32 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 19 strains of Haemophilus influenzae. The clinical efficacy (the ratio of improvement) of CEMT by suspected causative bacterium was 84.4% against CEMT-indicated organisms and 81.2% against CEMT-non-indicated organisms. 3. We investigated clinical efficacy rates (the ratio of "markedly improved" + "improved") by disease. The improvement rate was 78.4% in pharyngolaryngitis, 87.0% in tonsillitis, and 79.5% in acute bronchitis. The clinical efficacy rate was an average of 81.9% in all CEMT-PI indicated diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil against community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Part III]. 1048 12

Nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. Cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, The primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infection. The main causative bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae, reported in 13.4% of cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 12.8% Moraxella catarrhalis in 5.5%, Staphylococcus aureus in 26.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.2%, and anaerobes. The incidence of strains resistant to antimicrobial agents has grown for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis and decreased for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Acute exacerbation or severe suppuration in chronic paranasal sinusitis requires the administration of antimicrobial agents, with the same agent administered 2 weeks for maximal effect. First-line agents are AMPC/CVA, SBTPC, CDTR-PI, CFPN-PI, and GFLX for adults, with ASPC, SBPC, ACPC, CTRX, CMZ, FMOX, PAPM/BP, and MEPM injected in severe cases. Attention must be paid to strains that resist cephems and macrolides, such as PISP, PRSP, and BLNAR. In refractory chronic paranasal sinusitis, attention must also be paid to biofilms produced by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suitable antimicrobial agents should be determined for treating of chronic paranasal sinusitis, in addition to the best procedure to ensure early recovery from inflammation, such as puncturing or irrigating the maxillary sinus, injecting a suitable agent, nebulization, and/or surgically widening the middle meatus.
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PMID:[Bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. 1651 20

A post-marketing clinical study was previously conducted in pediatric patients with respiratory infection to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of cefcapene pivoxil (CFPN-PI) fine granules for children. Based on the results from this study, we evaluated PK/PD breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of CFPN-PI at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection to determine an effective and safe dosage regimen of CFPN-PI. The following results were obtained from 61 pediatric patients evaluated in our research. 1) The response rate of pediatric respiratory infection to CFPN-PI was 100% for laryngopharyngitis, 84.6% for acute bronchitis, 100% for tonsillitis, 100% for pneumonia and 95.8% for all. 2) The bacteriological response (eradication rate of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, etc.) of pediatric respiratory infection to CFPN-PI was 87.5% for laryngopharyngitis, 66.7% for acute bronchitis, 75.0% for tonsillitis, 63.6% for pneumonia and 73.8% for all. 3) The blood concentration simulation demonstrated that the PK/PD breakpoint exceeding the time above MIC (TAM) of 40% after administration of CFPN-PI 3 mg/kg three times daily was 0.27 microg/mL. 4) The pediatric patients with respiratory infection were stratified by the TAM (%) of CFPN-PI into 40% to 100% (TAM > or = 40% group) and 0% to 40% (TAM < 40% group) to compare the clinical and bacteriological effects of CFPN-PI. The clinical and bacteriological response rates, respectively, were 97.4% and 77.8% in the TAM > or = 40% group, and 88.9% and 62.5% in the TAM < 40% group. There was no difference in the clinical effect between the two TAM-stratified groups. On the other hand, the bacteriological effect, i.e., eradication rate, tended to be higher in the TAM > or = 40% group than in the TAM < 40% group, although the between-group difference was not statistically significant.
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PMID:[PK/PD breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of cefcapene pivoxil fine granules for children at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection]. 1881