Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study of 340 patients admitted to an acute geriatric male ward for a 12-month period was carried out to determine the aetiology and incidence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) acquired either prior or after admission to the hospital. Over the year, 120 patients (35%) were found to have LRTI; a specific aetiology was found in 44 (37%) patients. The pathogens most frequently isolated were Haemophilus influenzae (11 patients), Streptococcus pneumoniae (9 patients) and influenza A (4 patients). A further 8 (7%) patients had antibody titres sufficiently raised to indicate a recent infection (influenza A6, Chlamydia psittaci 2). A marked difference in the aetiology between community- and hospital-acquired infection was demonstrated. Cross-infection was not found, although patients with influenza A infection were admitted to the ward. Mortality showed a high correlation with current and ex-smokers.
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PMID:Lower respiratory tract infections in an acute geriatric male ward: a one-year prospective surveillance. 633 74

A healthy infant with primary peritonitis caused by Hemophilus influenza is presented. To our knowledge, this represents the first such case in an uncompromised infant or child.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenza primary peritonitis in an infant: report of a case. 633 55

Pneumonia remains the leading infectious disease-related cause of death among the elderly. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent pathogen isolated from aged individuals with community-acquired pneumonia. Other common bacteria that cause this disease include Haemophilus influenzae and Legionella pneumophila. Manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly can be subtle and result in delayed recognition and treatment. Gram stain evaluation and culture of non-contaminated expectorated sputum remain the conventional techniques to guide initial antibiotic selection. While the presence of a new infiltrate on chest X-ray confirms the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, the radiographic appearance of the infiltrate cannot accurately define the etiologic agent. Specific therapeutic measures include administration of appropriate antibiotics, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, nutritional support and treatment of concomitant disorders. Preventive measures include use of influenza vaccine, amantadine and pneumococcal vaccine.
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PMID:Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in the elderly. 637 23

The materials on the development and use of the test system, based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and intended for the detection of specific group A and C meningococcal polysaccharides and type b Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharide in the spinal fluid of patients, are presented. In this work commercial preparations manufactured in the USSR were used, and all parameters of the assay were developed on the basis of these preparations. The study was made on the samples of spinal fluid from 410 patients; of these, 203 had meningococcal infection, 57 had purulent bacterial meningitides and 150 had other diseases (acute respiratory diseases, influenza, etc.). As demonstrated by the results of this study, ELISA proved to be a highly specific and sensitive technique. In the investigation of the spinal fluid samples from the patients with meningococcal infection the use of ELISA with bacteriological techniques increased the number of positive results to 67%; with countercurrent electrophoresis, to 78%; and with bacterioscopy, to 83.8%. ELISA is recommended for practical use as an auxiliary laboratory technique and as a rapid method for the diagnosis of meningococcal infection.
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PMID:[Immunoenzyme method in the diagnosis of meningococcal infections]. 643 65

The correlation between clinical significance and serotype, biotype, and beta-lactamase production of 101 respiratory isolates of Hemophilus influenza from nonbacteremic patients was determined. Six of 33 (18.2%) isolates from patients with definite or probable infection were serotypable; only two of 67 (3%) isolates from colonized patients were serotypable. Eight-seven and one-half per cent of the serotypable strains were biotypes I or IV; 78.8% of nonserotypable strains were biotypes II, III, or V. Biotype distribution among isolates from patients with definite or probable infection were similar to isolates from colonized patients. beta-lactamase production was not helpful in evaluating clinical significance. Nonserotypable H. influenzae is an important cause of nonbacteremic pneumonia in elderly men.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serotype, biotype, and beta-lactamase production of respiratory isolates of Hemophilus influenzae. 660 78

The adherence of eleven strains of Haemophilus influenzae to MRC5 cells was studied and compared with adherence of the same eleven strains to MRC5 cells infected with influenza A/NWS/33 virus. Per cent Adhesion (the proportion of cells to which more than two bacteria were adhering) was estimated. Organisms grown on solid media adhered better than those grown in liquid media though the difference was not statistically significant (t test for independent means). A wide range of % Adhesion values for organisms grown on solid media to control cells was exhibited (1-88%). Ten of eleven strains grown on solid media or in broth showed increased adherence to influenza virus infected cells; this difference was significant (P less than 0.05, t test for independent means). The effect of virus infection in increasing % Adhesion was inversely proportional to the adhesiveness of the strain in question to uninfected cells. Strains that adhered most efficiently to control cells showed little increase in % Adhesion following virus infection, while strains that adhered poorly to control cells showed large increases in % Adhesion following virus infection.
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PMID:The effect of influenza virus on the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to human cells in tissue culture. 660 64

This report was prompted by the isolation of Haemophilus influenza from cultures of specimens from genital sites in 11 patients. All cervical, vaginal, and urethral specimens submitted to the Section of Clinical Microbiology Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, for bacterial culture are routinely inoculated onto blood agar, eosinmethylene blue (EMB) agar, chocolate blood agar, Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid (CNA) blood agar, and unless previously directly inoculated by the attending physician, modified Thayer-Martin medium. As a rule, identification and reporting of isolates is limited to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, Gardnerella vaginalis, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Cultures for anaerobic bacteria are restricted to endocervical or endometrial aspirates which are submitted to the laboratory in anaerobic transport vials. Cultures for fungi, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum are performed by specific request, as is miscroscopic examination for Trichomonas vaginalis. Haemophilus influenzae was identified with the porphyrin test according to the Kilian's taxonomic system. Genital tract specimens from 11 patients yielded H. influenzae in pure or predominant culture. 9 patients were females, of whom 4 had vaginitis, usually with a yellowish, foul smelling discharge. 2 had IUD-related endometritis and parametritis, 1 had an incomplete septic abortion, and 1 had probable urethral syndrome. 2 males had urethritis. Cultures were negative for N. gonorrhoeae in every case and for C. trachomatis in the 6 patients whose specimens were cultured for this agent. Only 2 women -- 1 with vaginitis and 1 with probable urethral syndrome -- had G. vaginalis in cultures of vaginal secretions, while U. urealyticum was isolated from vaginal or cervical secretions of 3 of 4 women cultured for the organism.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae in genitourinary tract infections. 660 36

The effect of 100 separate viral infections of the respiratory tract on pulmonary function was evaluated prospectively over an eight-year period in 84 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and in eight normal subjects. Some viral infections were associated with small acute declines in forced vital capacity and/or 1-sec forced expiratory volume of 25-300 ml. These declines were detectable only during the 90-day period after infection. The greatest abnormalities of pulmonary function followed infections with influenza virus, and the mean acute changes in 1-sec forced expiratory volume (-118.5 ml) were significantly greater than expected (-15.2 ml; P = 0.03). Smaller, statistically insignificant declines followed infections with parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus, and no changes were detectable after infections with coronavirus, herpes simplex virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Long-term effects of influenza or other viral infections on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were not detected in this study population.
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PMID:Effect of viral infections on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. 676 94

The microbiology of otitis media (OM) has been documented by cultures of middle ear fluid (MEF) obtained by needle aspiration. The results of studies of bacteriology of OM from Sweden, Finland and the United States are very similar: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are the most important pathogens: Gram-negative enteric bacilli are isolated from MEF of approximately equal to 20% of infants to six weeks of age but are rarely present in MEF of older children; group A beta hemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are infrequent causes of otitis. Preliminary results suggest that anaerobic bacteria are responsible for some episodes of OM. Although epidemiologic data suggest that virus infection is associated with OM, the results of ten studies indicate that these agents are infrequently isolated from MEF of children with OM. Viruses were isolated from 29 to 663 patients (4.4%). Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus were isolated most frequently. The results of seven studies of mycoplasma infection in 771 patients with OM included only one isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from MEF. These results indicate that viruses and mycoplasmas are uncommonly found in MEF of patients with OM, but few studies have been attempted in recent years. Chlamydia trachomatosis is the etiologic agent of a mild but prolonged pneumonia in infants. OM may accompany the respiratory infection, and C. trachomatis has been isolated from MEF of some of these infants. Recent studies of asymptomatic children with persistent MEF indicate that bacterial pathogens are present in some of these fluids. Investigators in Columbus, Boston, and Pittsburgh obtained MEF for culture at the time of myringotomy or placement of tympanostomy tubes. Bacteria were isolated from MEF of 50% of these children; S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or group A streptococcus were isolated from 10% to 20% of cases. There were only minimal differences in the rates of isolation of bacteria from serous, mucoid, or purulent fluids. The significance of these results is uncertain, but they suggest that the persistent effusion may be a result of asymptomatic but prolonged infection or may be an immune response to a persisting antigen.
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PMID:Microbiology of otitis media. 677 62

Acute maxillary sinusitis is a disease of varied etiology. Over half of the cases are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae. Anaerobic bacteria account for another 10% of cases and these are usually of dental origin. The rest of the cases are caused by several other bacteria, each of which cause a small proportion. Rhinoviruses, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses also invade the sinuses and probably lead to secondary bacterial infection. Diagnosis of acute sinusitis on clinical grounds is difficult. Sinus transillumination and x-ray are the most valuable routine tests available. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cefaclor have been shown to be effective treatment for most cases of acute sinusitis. Infection persists when there is inadequate or inappropriate treatment. The patient may become relatively asymptomatic in the face of persistent active infection. Follow-up clinical and x-ray examinations are indicated, when possible, to detect treatment failures. Although not a routine diagnostic procedure, sinus puncture and aspiration may be of value in the seriously ill patient or one who has not responded to treatment.
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PMID:Etiology and antimicrobial treatment of acute sinusitis. 679 66


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