Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adherence of Hemophilus influenzae (type b and nontypable) to ciliated chinchilla respiratory epithelium was investigated using a whole organ perfusion technique. Nontypable H influenzae (NTHi) were shown to be more adherent than type b to these organized and differentiated tracheal organ cultures. Bacteria were found adhering to ciliated cells. Antecedent influenza A virus infection had no effect on adherence of NTHi for at least 48 hours. However, 72 hours after exposure to the virus, infected tissues demonstrated significantly fewer adherent bacteria than did controls. To summarize, influenza A virus infection was not found to augment the initiation of NTHi adherence to ciliated respiratory epithelium in this model.
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PMID:The effect of antecedent influenza A virus infection on the adherence of Hemophilus influenzae to chinchilla tracheal epithelium. 284 27

A prospective one-year study of community pneumonia was conducted in Nottingham. 236 of 251 episodes of pneumonia (defined as an acute lower respiratory tract infection, for which antibiotics were prescribed, associated with new focal signs on examination of the chest) were investigated. Acute radiographic changes were present in 93 (39%). A pathogen was identified in 129 (55%) episodes, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and influenza viruses those most frequently identified. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was uncommon and infection with Legionella pneumophila was found in only 1 episode. Hospital admission was required in 52 (22%) episodes. 7 patients died (3%), all but one of the deaths occurring in patients who had been admitted to hospital. Pneumonia in the community is common but few people die of it. Initial antibiotic therapy should always cover S pneumoniae and H influenzae.
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PMID:Prospective study of the aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in the community. 288 91

Four children with Down's syndrome and bacterial tracheitis are described. In three the infection was due to Haemophilus influenza. In patients with Down's syndrome presenting with stridor tracheitis should be considered and appropriate treatment started.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis in Down's syndrome. 296 Feb 75

Chronic bronchitis is responsible for 20,000 deaths per annum in France, i.e. 5 per cent of the overall mortality rate. Infection of the bronchi and lung tissue is a frequent cause of death in these patients. Acute on chronic bronchitis ranks fifth among the causes of disablement and admission to hospital. Pneumococci and Haemophilus influenza are the organisms most frequently isolated. the incidence and potential severity of acute episodes of infection account for the repeated use of antibiotics which carries a risk of promotion bacterial resistance. RU 41740 is a non-specific immunomodulator agent which reinforces the non-specific means of the respiratory tract against infections. Three double-blind, drug versus placebo and therefore reliable therapeutic trials have shown that the drug is effective in preventing airway infection. In patients with moderately advanced chronic bronchitis, RU 41740 reduces the number and duration of acute infectious episodes as well as antibiotic consumption. This positive effect persists in patients with chronic respiratory failure, including those who present with extensive bronchial dystrophy. RU 41740 is particularly effective in patients with numerous previous episodes of infection, but it also acts at all stages of chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:[Chronic bronchitis. Value of RU 41740]. 297 Nov 83

Establishing a diagnosis in swine herds on the basis of previous histories, clinical symptoms and/or pathological lesions is becoming increasingly difficult for veterinarians. The services of a laboratory for performing serological examinations are therefore increasingly enlisted. Some aspects are described in the present paper, which are essential to an optimum serodiagnosis of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infections, Aujesky's disease, influenza and parvovirus infections.
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PMID:[Serological studies on swine. Significance and interpretation of laboratory results for clinical practice]. 303 46

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is equated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema as one disease entity. In COPD airflow limitation is relatively persistent--unlike asthma. Tests for "small-airways disease" form no part of routine practice, for their accuracy in detecting pathological change is debatable. The proteolytic theory of the pathogenesis of emphysema highlights the role of neutrophil elastase, antielastases, oxidants, antioxidants, and thus of potential new treatments. Clinical features of COPD include breathlessness, cough, and sputum, with airflow obstruction and lung hyperinflation. The differential diagnosis includes bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension, but pulmonary fibrosis, etc., is distinguished by radiological infiltrates. Plain chest radiography cannot reliably diagnose emphysema in life, but a new method measuring lung density from the computed tomographic (CT) scan allows location, quantitation, and diagnosis of emphysema (defined by enlargement of distal air spaces) in humans in life. "Pink puffers" with breathlessness, hyperinflation, mild hypoxemia, and a low PCO2 are contrasted with "blue bloaters" with hypoxemia, secondary polycythemia, CO2 retention, and pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. Antismoking measures are a major aim in management. A bronchodilator regimen combining a slow-release oral theophylline with an inhaled beta 2-agonist, ipratropium, and high-dose inhaled steroids is proposed because even modest improvement in obstruction can help these patients. In acute exacerbations with purulent sputum, antimicrobials against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae are used with controlled oxygen therapy aiming to keep the arterial PO2 over 50 mm Hg without the pH falling below 7.25. Influenza prophylaxis is recommended, but pneumococcal vaccination remains debatable. Chronic under-nutrition in "emphysema" implies controlled trials of feeding regimens--but these remain to be assessed. Long-term oxygen therapy is the only treatment known to prolong life in blue bloaters, and oxygen concentrators and transtracheal oxygen delivery are discussed. Pulmonary vasodilators (e.g., beta 2-agonists, hydralazine, nifedipine, angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, etc.) have not yet been proved to provide long-term reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure. Blue bloaters have severe nocturnal hypoxemia in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep that is corrected by oxygen or the investigational drug almitrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 304 40

Modified polystyrene latexes with high adsorption capacity, comparable to that of latexes produced by Difco Laboratories (USA), have been developed in the USSR. Diagnostic latex preparations for the detection of meningococci of serogroups A, C, Y and Haemophilus influenza, type b, prepared on the basis of these new latexes, have shown high specificity and sensitivity in experimental and clinical tests. The latex preparations for the detection of serogroup B meningococci requires further improvement. The use of latex preparations, together with other laboratory methods, in the diagnosis of meningococcal infection has promoted the etiological confirmation of the disease in 84% of cases; this method has proved to be 1.5 times more effective than the bacteriological one and not less sensitive than the enzyme immunoassay, while being more specific.
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PMID:[Microanalytical methods: latex agglutination and immunoenzyme analysis in the diagnosis of meningococcal infection]. 312 Apr 46

For many years now, the combination trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (active ingredients of Bactrim) has proved to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including beta-hemolytic streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenza, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter. In this comparative study, the antibacterial activity of the combination against 2,229 gram-negative and 1,338 gram-positive strains encountered in domiciliary practice was tested and compared with that of other commonly used antimicrobials. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined in microtitre plates using serial dilutions. With regard to the gram-negative strains, trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole, with an MIC90 of less than 2 mg/l for most isolates, was the most active substance apart from norfloxacin. The combination also had a powerful inhibitory effect on gram-positive strains, the MIC90 being between 2 and 4 mg/l for all strains except Staphylococcus epidermidis.
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PMID:In vitro activity of the combination trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole compared with that of other chemotherapeutic agents. 326 66

Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents. There is ample documentation of a role for Hemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A and B viruses, and several other respiratory viruses in causing these exacerbations. Because of the lack of frequency of exacerbations (once every 20 to 78 weeks) and the wide range of pathogens, trials of prophylaxis with antibiotics have been difficult to conduct. Controlled trials conducted since the 1950s have shown mixed results, some demonstrating a reduction in the number of exacerbations and others failing to show efficacy. Of the antibiotics used, tetracycline seemed the most effective. Both the pneumococcal polysaccharide and killed influenza virus vaccines have been suggested for patients with chronic bronchitis. The antiviral drug amantadine has been recommended when vaccine cannot be used. This reviewer concludes that prophylactic antibiotics should be used in selected patients with one or more exacerbations yearly using a drug such as tetracycline. A one-time dose of pneumococcal vaccine and the annual use of killed influenza vaccine are also reasonable. During an influenza A epidemic, amantadine should be considered for unvaccinated patients. Future studies should study intermittent v chronic prophylaxis with cheap but appropriate antibiotics (chosen for their microbial spectrum), and should test newer antiviral vaccines and antiviral drugs as they become available.
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PMID:Prophylactic treatment of chronic bronchitis. 328 84

Chloramphenicol, despite its well-recognized toxic side effects, is a cheap and useful antibiotic in the management of meningitis, typhoid, brain abscess and severe Haemophilus influenza infections. Where possible, drug levels should be monitored.
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PMID:Clinicians' guide to antibiotics. Chloramphenicol. 328 62


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