Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contagious equine metritis is a highly contagious genital infection of mares, spread venereally, and was first described in 1977. Although most contagious equine metritis outbreaks involved Thoroughbreds, infection in other breeds has also occurred. The disease has been reported in Europe, Australia and the United States. In Canada, contagious equine metritis has been designated a reportable disease under the Animal Disease and Protection Act. Contagious equine metritis is characterized by an endometritis and infertility and infected mares show no signs of systemic infection. Clinical signs have not been observed in stallions. An asymptomatic carrier state exists in both mares and stallions.Infected mares respond clinically to the topical and parenteral administration of antibacterial drugs. However, a proportion of mares remain carriers of the contagious equine metritis organism. Treatment of stallions is successful. Haemophilus equigenitalis has been proposed as the species name of the Gram-negative, microaerophilic coccobacillus. Sample collection and laboratory methods for the diagnosis of contagious equine metritis are described.
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PMID:Contagious equine metritis: a review. 38

Bacteria can be isolated from most seminal fluid samples, but the significance of these microorganisms is uncertain because most men lack symptoms associated with bacterial infection of the reproductive tract. We obtained semen samples from 37 men attending a Special Infertility Clinic and assessed the relationship between seminal fluid microorganisms and seminal fluid analysis including sperm motility, morphology, and concentration; the numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other white blood cells; and the hamster zona-free oocyte sperm penetration assay. Aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 36 of the 37 samples. One hundred eighty-eight isolates (113 aerobes, 74 anaerobes, and one yeast) were recovered, with a mean of 5.2 isolates per semen specimen. The microorganisms recovered from the samples included: coagulase-negative staphylococci (89%), viridans streptococci (65%), diphtheroids (86%), Peptostreptococcus sp (62%), Bacteroides sp (27%), Gardnerella vaginalis (19%), Lactobacillus sp (16%), Actinomyces sp (16%), Enterococcus (11%), and Veillonella (11%). Other microorganisms including group B streptococcus, Hemophilus, Escherichia coli, Mobiluncus, and Clostridium were each recovered from fewer than 10% of the specimens. When the microbiology of seminal fluid specimens with or without polymorphonuclear leukocytes was compared, the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the semen was not associated with the isolation of staphylococci (33 versus 25%), viridans streptococci (33 versus 28%), Bacteroides sp (17 versus 37%), or Peptostreptococcus (31 versus 33%) (P greater than .05 for each comparison). The proportion of semen samples yielding bacterial isolates was similar after categorization by normal motility (more than 60%), pyospermia (six or more leukocytes per 100 sperm), sperm concentration, morphology, and a normal sperm penetration assay (11% or more).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship of bacteriologic characteristics to semen indices in men attending an infertility clinic. 232 63

We evaluated laboratory and radiological findings and examined tracheobronchial cilia by transmission electron microscopy in 9 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), in order to elucidate the clinical pictures of PCD and the relationship between PCD and diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) which was proposed as a new disease entity in Japan in 1969. The clinical pictures of our PCD patients were almost the same as that already described in several articles in Europe and North America; early onset of respiratory symptoms, high incidence of chronic sinusitis and otitis media exudative as well as infertility, continuous infections in the lower respiratory tracts (Hemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc.). Tracheobronchial cilia obtained by brushing technique were immotile (6 out of 8 patients) or dyskinetic (2 out of 8 patients). Ultrastructural study of cilia revealed the lack of dynein arms in all patients: the lack of both outer and inner arms (4 patients), the lack of outer arms (2 patients), the lack of inner arms (2 patients). Chest X-ray films revealed situs inversus in six out of nine patients. According to the radiological findings (chest X-ray film, CT-scan, bronchogram), the patients were divided into three groups; I: localized bronchiectasis (5 patients), II: diffuse micronodular lesions without definite bronchiectasis (3 patients), III: diffuse micronodular lesions with bronchiectasis (1 patient). Two patients of the second group satisfied the clinical diagnostic criteria for DPB (Chest 83:63, 1983). In conclusion, PCD can cause a variety of respiratory tract lesions such as bronchiectasis, DPB and other types of peripheral airway disorders.
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PMID:[Clinical and ultrastructural study on primary ciliary dyskinesia]. 235 99

Haemophilus somnus was consistently isolated from vaginal discharges of dairy cows submitted from field cases of vaginitis, cervicitis and/or metritis in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands during the period July 1995 - December 2000 and from the East Griqualand area in November/December 2000. The purulent vaginal discharges, red granular vaginitis and cervicitis, and pain on palpation described in these cases was very similar to that reported in outbreaks of H.somnus endometritis syndrome in Australia, Europe and North America. In all the herds involved in these outbreaks, natural breeding with bulls was employed. Although there was a good cure rate in clinically-affected animals treated with tetracyclines, culling rates for chronic infertility were unacceptably high. Employment of artificial insemination in these herds improved pregnancy rates in cows that had calved previously, but many cows that had formerly been infected failed to conceive.
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PMID:Isolation of Haemophilus somnus from dairy cattle in kwaZulu-Natal. An emerging cause of 'dirty cow syndrome' and infertility? 1151 68

One-hundred and seventy two couples which went for the first time to the Infertility Service of the National Institute of Endocrinology from June 1999 to June 2000, were studied to find out the frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in this group, and determine its interaction with a number of clinical and risk variables. The results yielded that 10.5% were positive to the parasite, the prevailing symptom was leukorrea in women and 96.6% of men showed no symptoms. It was highly significant the fact of having a previous pathological history that might be related to infertility and current T. vaginalis infection. This protozoon was frequently associated with Candida sp. and causative agents of bacterial vaginosis in women and Haemophilus influenzae in men. This parasite seems to play an important role as a likely causative agent to be considered in fertility problems.
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PMID:[Frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in couples with fertility problems]. 1584 32

Infertility is the diminished or absent capacity to produce viable offspring. Infections that reduce ovulation rates, fertilization rates, embryonic survival rates, fetal survival rates or perinatal survival rates result in observed infertility in beef cows. Reproductive pathogens include Leptospira, Campylobacter, Hemophilus, Brucella, bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Neospora caninum. Infectious infertility can be prevented or controlled with appropriate surveillance, biosecurity, and/or vaccination. The objective of this review is to briefly summarize current scientific information to assist with adoption of surveillance methods, implementation of biosecurity and selection of appropriate commercially available vaccines.
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PMID:A clinical, evidence-based approach to infectious causes of infertility in beef cattle. 1672 87

Campylobacter fetus is one of the leading infections causing bovine infertility and abortion. In a cross-sectional study, the associations of parity, herd, serological status against Leptospira hardjo and Haemophilus somnus with the sero-prevalence of Campylobacter fetus in dairy cattle were evaluated. Four hundred dairy cows from three herds were included in the study. Blood samples from the cows were collected in December 1986. An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to determine positive or negative status of cows against Campylobacter fetus , Haemophilus somnus and Leptospira hardjo antigens. Loglinear analysis was used to describe the relationship of four categorical variables with the sero-prevalence of Campylobacter fetus . The final loglinear model was interpreted as a logit model. The final loglinear model included a three-way interaction among Campylobacter fetus , Leptospira hardjo and herd and a two-way interaction between Campylobacter fetus and parity. The adjusted odds of being a positive Campylobacter fetus reading were highest for cows with parity >6 (e.g. 27.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.9, 60.1); it was next highest for cows in parity <4 (e.g. 18.0, 95% CI = 13.5, 24.2); and it was lowest for cows in parity 4 to 6 (e.g. 13.3, 95% CI 7.3, 24.4). The herd management practice that was associated with the carrier state in early and late parities is identified in the study, and the biological implication of a three-way interaction among Campylobacter fetus , Leptospira hardjo and herd are discussed.
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PMID:The use of loglinear model to evaluate factors associated with sero-prevalence of Campylobacter fetus in dairy cattle. 1672 98

Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) is one of the key bacterial pathogens involved in the multifactorial etiology of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. This Gram negative pleomorphic rod also causes bovine septicemia, thrombotic meningencephalitis, myocarditis, arthritis, abortion and infertility, as well as disease in sheep, bison and bighorn sheep. Virulence factors include lipooligosaccharide, immunoglobulin binding proteins (as a surface fibrillar network), a major outer membrane protein (MOMP), other outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and exopolysaccharide. Histamine production, biofilm formation and quorum sensing may also contribute to pathogenesis. Antibodies are very important in protection as shown in passive protection studies. The lack of long-term survival of the organism in macrophages, unlike facultative intracellular bacteria, also suggests that antibodies should be critical in protection. Of the immunoglobulin classes, IgG2 antibodies are most implicated in protection and IgE antibodies in immunopathogenesis. The immunodominant antigen recognized by IgE is the MOMP and by IgG2 is a 40 kDa OMP. Pathogenetic synergy of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and H. somni in calves can be attributed, in part at least, to the higher IgE anti-MOMP antibody responses in dually infected calves. Other antigens are probably involved in stimulating host defense or immunopathology as well.
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PMID:Histophilus somni host-parasite relationships. 1821 58

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most significant complication of sexually transmitted infections in childbearing-age women and it represents an important public health problem because of its long-term sequelae (chronic pelvic pain, tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy). Prior to the mid 1970s PID was considered a monoetiologic infection, due primarily to Neisseria gonorrhea. Now it is well documented as a polymicrobial process, with a great number of microrganisms involved. In addition to Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis, other vaginal microrganisms (anaerobes, Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus influenzae, enteric Gram negative rods, Streptococco agalactie, Mycoplasma genitalium) also have been associated with PID. There is a wide variation in PID clinical features; the type and severity of symptoms vary by microbiologic etiology. Women who have chlamydial PID seem more likely than women who have gonococcal PID to be asymptomatic. Since clinical diagnosis is imprecise, the suspicion of PID should be confirmed by genital assessment for signs of inflammation or infection, blood test and imaging evaluation. Laparoscopic approach is considered the gold standard. According to the polymicrobial etiology of PID, antibiotic treatment must provide broad spectrum coverage of likely pathogens. Early administration of antibiotics is necessary to reduce the risk of long-term sequelae.
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PMID:Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) from Chlamydia trachomatis versus PID from Neisseria gonorrhea: from clinical suspicion to therapy. 2300 48

Summary studies of dairy cow removal indicate increasing levels of mortality over the past several decades. This poses a serious problem for the US dairy industry. The objective of this project was to evaluate associations between facilities, herd management practices, disease occurrence and death rates on US dairy operations through an analysis of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Dairy 2007 survey. The survey included farms in 17 states that represented 79.5% of US dairy operations and 82.5% of the US dairy cow population. During the first phase of the study operations were randomly selected from a sampling list maintained by the National Agricultural Statistics Service. Only farms that participated in phase I and had 30 or more dairy cows were eligible to participate in phase II. In total, 459 farms had complete data for all selected variables and were included in this analysis. Univariable associations between dairy cow mortality and 162 a priori identified operation-level management practices or characteristics were evaluated. Sixty of the 162 management factors explored in the univariate analysis met initial screening criteria and were further evaluated in a multivariable model exploring more complex relationships. The final weighted, negative binomial regression model included six variables. Based on the incidence rate ratio, this model predicted 32.0% less mortality for operations that vaccinated heifers for at least one of the following: bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Haemophilus somnus, leptospirosis, Salmonella, Escherichia coli or clostridia. The final multivariable model also predicted a 27.0% increase in mortality for operations from which a bulk tank milk sample tested ELISA positive for bovine leukosis virus. Additionally, an 18.0% higher mortality was predicted for operations that used necropsies to determine the cause of death for some proportion of dead dairy cows. The final model also predicted that increased proportions of dairy cows with clinical mastitis and infertility problems were associated with increased mortality. Finally, an increase in mortality was predicted to be associated with an increase in the proportion of lame or injured permanently removed dairy cows. In general terms, this model identified that mortality was associated with reproductive problems, non-infectious postpartum disease, infectious disease and infectious disease prevention, and information derived from postmortem evaluations. Ultimately, addressing excessive mortality levels requires a concerted effort that recognizes and appropriately manages the numerous and diverse underlying risks.
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PMID:Herd factors associated with dairy cow mortality. 2572 25


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