Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transtracheal aspirates from 87 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis who had received no recent antibiotic treatment were examined. A single bacterial species was found in 83% of positive cultures. Predominant pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae which occurred jointly or separately in 50% of positive cultures. Bacteria traditionally considered as non-pathogenic for the lower respiratory tract also appeared to play an aetiological role. Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes were infrequent. No bacterial growth was found in 11 cases.
Infection 1978
PMID:Bacteriological findings in the transtracheal aspirate from patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. 2 45

A comparative study was conducted on the in vitro activity of cefaclor and other oral cephalosporins against a large number of freshly isolated clinical strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The activity of cefaclor against gram-positive pathogens is very similar to that of cephalexin. The action of cefaclor against Streptococcus pneumoniae is superior. Cefaclor is the most active antibiotic against strains of Haemophilus influenzae, and is also more active than cephalexin and cephradine against non-beta-lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Proteus mirabilis.
Infection 1979
PMID:[In vitro activity of cefaclor (author's transl)]. 4 87

Laboratory aspects of cefaclor, a new orally-effective cephalosporin antibiotic, are summarized. On the basis of data from a variety of studies, the useful antibacterial spectrum of cefaclor is shown to include all classes of bacteria that are generally susceptible to cephalothin and cephalexin. Cefaclor has a significant potency advantage over cephalexin against many Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus sp. and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bacteria that are susceptible to cefaclor are killed by concentrations at or near the inhibitory concentration. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis experiments have shown that cefaclor is a relatively good substrate for several beta-lactamases. Orally administered cefaclor is effective in protection of mice from the lethal effects of intraperitoneal challenges with cefaclor-susceptible bacteria. The chemical instability of cefaclor, test medium composition and inoculum density influence the results of in vitro susceptibility tests with cefaclor. Methods for routine susceptibility testing are described.
Infection 1979
PMID:Summary of laboratory studies on the antibacterial activity of cefaclor. 4 88

In respiratory tract infections in children a distinction must be made between frequently recurring infections and genuine chronic infections due to specific anatomical factors, immunological defects or congenital diseases such as mucoviscidosis. The most frequent pathogens are Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella, S. aureus predominates in infants. The same applies for mucoviscidosis, in which P. aeruginosa is the second most frequent pathogen, occurring frequently after a primary infection with staphylococci. In order to avoid frequent relapses in mucoviscidosis patients, uninterrupted long-term treatment with an antibiotic which is effective against staphylococci is recommended, commencing the moment the diagnosis has been established. Suitable antibiotics are co-trimoxazole or oral cephalosporins (e. g. cephalexin, cephradine or cefaclor). Other respiratory tract infections should be treated according to the antibiogramme with a suitable antibiotic once the diagnosis has been confirmed.
Infection 1979
PMID:[Therapy of chronic respiratory tract infections in children, including mucoviscidosis (author's transl)]. 12 31

Individuals with chronic lung disease and their families were selected from the Tecumsch community along with similarly selected families as comparison groups and studied for 1-year periods. Occurence of acute respiratory illness was ascertained weekly by telephone and calculated as an annual rate. Persons with chronic bronchitis not only experienced more acute lower respiratory illness than healthy comparison subjects, but total illness rates were somewhat higher as well. Infection rates were determined from blood samples taken 3 times from each participant during the surveillance year. Antibody tests were performed for respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, influenza types A and B, coronavirus OC43, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Differences in serologic infection rates among the subgroups of the population were similar to those seen in the clinical data, with more frequent infection among those with bronchitis than among the comparison subjects. This finding indicates that some degree of increased susceptibility to actual infection existed among those individuals with bronchitis. Influence of smoking on illness and infection rates was also examined. Infections were, in general, more frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers, but illness rates were reversed, suggesting that perception of disease differed in the 2 groups. Rates of illness and infection of other adults in the families of the index individuals with bronchitis were not influenced by the higher rates seen in the index individuals; however, it was of interest that children of persons with bronchitis did have somewhat higher rates of infection than children of comparison subjects.
 ...
PMID:The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness. VIII. Acute infection in chronic respiratory disease and comparison groups. 16 65

In order to obtain Haemophilus influenzae, other than Type b, with highly probable human pathogeniticy strains were collected that had been isolated in abundant numbers from middle ear or maxillary sinus secretions of 157 patients with otitis media or sinusitis. The distribution of serotypes was as follows: nontypable 33.8%, Type b 26.1% Type a 19.1%, Type c 7.6%, Type e 5.7%, Type f 5.1%, and Type d 2.5%. The type distribution did not depend on the source of the strains. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin and amoxycillin in vitro; the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of both antibiotics varied only fourfold; typical MIC values were 0.125 microgram/ml and 0.25 microngram/ml, respectively. Susceptibility did not vary with the source or type of the strains nor with the presence or absence of concomitant penicillin therapy.
Infection 1977
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae in otitis media and sinusitis: serotypes and susceptibilty to ampicillin and amoxycillin in vitro. 30 34

The growth of parent influenza viruses A/England/939/69 and A/PR/8/34, and clones 6, 7, and 64C, derived by recombination, was studied in newborn rats. Using an inoculum of 10(4.0) EID50, influenza virus A/England/939/69 produced the highest titres of virus in rat turbinates at 48 hours after inoculation; clones 6 and 7 and A/PR/8/34 grew to lower titres; and clone 64C grew to the lowest titre. These differences were less apparent when 10(2.0) EID50 of virus was used as an inoculum, and rats were not infected by smaller inoculum of any of the virus strains. Infection with 10(4.0) EID50 of all viruses produced lung infection; at 48 hours after infection, the highest titres were recovered from rats infected with A/PR/8/34 and A/England/939/69 virus. Prior infection with A/England/939/69 or A/PR/8/34 increased the incidence of bacteraemia and meningitis following intranasal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b; infection with clone 64C did not enhance bacterial meningitis, while infection with clone 6 gave an intermediate result. Volunteer studies with these viruses have shown that influenza virus A/England/939/69 was virulent, clones 6 and 7 were attenuated, clone 64C was over-attenuated, and A/PR/8/34 virus was noninfective for man. The relative titres of virus recovered from turbinates taken 48 hours after infection with 10(4.0) EID50 of virus and the ability of virus infection to enhance bacterial infection correlated with the property of virus attenuation for man for four of the five strains tested; however, no correlation was seen for A/PR/8/34 virus, which is a result also found in other laboratory tests designed to measure virulence for man.
 ...
PMID:Influenza virus infection in newborn rats: a possible marker of attenuation for man. 30 96

The available hospital records of all pediatric patients diagnosed as having periorbital, preseptal or orbital cellulitis over a five-year period were reviewed and compared to previously reported series. Only two of 39 patients had orbital cellulitis. The 37 patients with preseptal cellulitis had two characteristic clinical presentations. Twenty-two children had local trauma, abscesses, insect bites, or impetigo as the inciting event for their cellulitis. Infection was usually caused by staphylococci or streptococci. In contrast, 15 children, 12 of whom were under 36 months, had associated upper respiratory tract infections and otitis. Haemophilus influenzae was the most commonly implicated pathogen and the children were at risk of bacteremia and metastastic infection. Determination of the location of the infection in the orbit and consideration of the clinical presentation of the patient with infection in and about the orbit are of assistance in choosing appropriate therapy. Young children who have upper respiratory tract symptoms in association with preseptal cellulitis should receive antibiotic coverage for Haemophilus.
 ...
PMID:Clinical implications of preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis in childhood. 31 May 37

Ceforanide (BL-S 786) is a new long-acting parenteral cephalosporin which has the major pharmacologic advantage of requiring only twice a day dosage. We treated 28 adult patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using doses of 500 or 1000 mg every 12 hours. Twenty-four of 28 infections were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Hemophilus influenzae, and all pathogens were susceptible in vitro to both cephalothin and ceforanide. Patients were treated for a mean of 7.5 days, and all showed a good clinical and radiographic response with no mortality. Of the 13 patients with H. influenzae, the organism could still be recovered during therapy in 9/12 and post therapy in 3/8. One clinical superinfection (sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa) occurred during therapy. Side effects with therapy included thrombocytosis (15), asymptomatic eosinophilia (5), and mild elevation of the serum transaminases (3). These studies suggest that ceforanide is a safe and effective agent for the treatment of adult patients with bacterial pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae; further experience in therapy of H. influenzae is needed because of frequent failure of ceforanide to eradicate this organism from the sputum.
Infection 1979
PMID:Ceforanide (BL-S786) in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. 31 29

Serum and sputum concentrations of ampicillin or amoxycillin were measured in patients admitted to hospital for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with purulent sputum. Mean peak serum levels of nearly 12 mg/l were found after 1600 mg bacampicillin (mean peak level in sputum 0.85 mg/l). The serum and sputum concentrations after 750 mg amoxycillin and 800 mg bacampicillin were comparable (mean peak serum levels approximately 9.5 mg/l, sputum concentrations 0.4 to 0.5 mg/l) although the drugs were not given in equimolar doses. Results after 1000 mg ampicillin by mouth were less satisfactory (mean peak serum level 7.8 mg/l) and only 0.25 mg/l was attained in the sputum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and amoxycillin were measured for 177 Haemophilus influenzae strains. Most of the ampicillin MIC values were between 0.125 and 0.5 mg/l but more of the strains required 0.5 mg/l of amoxycillin. The amoxycillin MIC values were often one or two dilutions higher than those of ampicillin (p less than 0.001).
Infection 1979
PMID:Serum and sputum antibiotic levels after ampicillin, amoxycillin and bacampicillin chronic bronchitis patients. 31 30


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>