Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To understand better the events associated with the initiation of lung disease in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF), we prospectively performed a longitudinal study examining the early bacteriologic, immunologic, and clinical courses of 42 children with CF diagnosed after identification by neonatal screening. Serial evaluations included history and physical examination, chest radiographs, throat cultures for bacteria, and determinations of serum immunoglobulin levels and circulating immune complexes. At a mean follow-up age of 27 months, 19% of the children had serial throat cultures positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the first positive culture was found at a mean age of 21 months. In three infants the initial P. aeruginosa isolates were mucoid. As determined by typing with a DNA probe, serial P. aeruginosa isolates from each patient were identical over time but were genetically distinct from isolates recovered from other patients. Of 11 infants with P. aeruginosa, nine (82%) had previous isolates of Staphylococcus aureus or Haemophilus influenzae; all had received prior antibiotic therapy. In comparison with other infants with CF, children with P. aeruginosa grown on serial throat cultures more frequently had daily cough (p less than 0.01), lower chest radiograph scores (p less than 0.05), and elevated levels of circulating immune complexes (p less than 0.01). None of the study infants had persistent hypogammaglobulinemia or hypergammaglobulinemia. We conclude that (1) S. aureus and H. influenzae remain the isolates most frequently recovered from infants with CF; (2) initial recovery of P. aeruginosa by throat culture is often preceded by the onset of chronic respiratory signs; (3) elevations of circulating immune complexes can occur early, often after the initial recovery of P. aeruginosa; and (4) early P. aeruginosa isolates are genetically distinct, demonstrating the lack of cross-colonization in this newborn population.
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PMID:Early bacteriologic, immunologic, and clinical courses of young infants with cystic fibrosis identified by neonatal screening. 190 18

Major advances in our understanding of the role of the neutrophil in host defense against periodontal organisms have been made through studies of localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Several lines of evidence suggest that LJP is an infectious process closely associated with Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemomitans as a causative agent, although other organisms may also participate. The immunologic profile of LJP patients suggests that a cell-associated neutrophil locomotory dysfunction is a key underlying immunodeficiency resulting in increased susceptibility to periodontal infection. In addition, LJP patients often exhibit cervical lymphadenopathy and IgG-hypergammaglobulinemia, and a markedly elevated antibody response to the infecting organism, A. actinomycetemcomitans, is found in the serum and crevicular fluid of most patients. Evaluation of the locomotory properties of LJP neutrophils shows that random migration and chemokinesis are normal; however, about 70% of the LJP patients suffer from a defect in chemotaxis, with their neutrophils responding poorly to bacterial chemotactic factors, synthetic chemotactic peptides, and complement fragments (C5a). Depressed chemotaxis of LJP neutrophils is paralleled by their reduced capacity to bind the synthetic chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), as well as C5a. Furthermore, there is a reduction in the amount of glycoprotein 110, a neutrophil membrane matrix component and differentiation antigen which is associated with FMLP- and possibly also C5a-mediated chemotaxis. Reduction of C5a and of FMLP ligand binding, decreased expression of GP-110, and reduced neutrophil chemotaxis are consistent with a stem cell maturation error in LJP patients. This is further supported by studies demonstrating increased expression of CR2, the C3d/EBV receptor, on peripheral blood neutrophils of LJP patients. CR2 receptors are normally present on immature human neutrophils but are lost during the maturation process. These alterations in neutrophil surface components and their reduced chemotaxis may result from a genetically determined abnormality. Studies demonstrating the familial nature of both the neutrophil chemotactic disorder and the clinical entity represented by localized juvenile periodontitis point to a strong role for genetic determinants in the disease which affect neutrophil surface receptors.
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PMID:1985 Kreshover lecture. Molecular factors influencing neutrophil defects in periodontal disease. 302 65