Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possibility that viral infections of the respiratory tract might predispose to bacterial colonization or infection was studied in 120 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 30 control subjects; these individuals were observed for seven years. The ratio of the number of observed to the number of expected associations between viruses and bacteria was 2.43 (P = 0.037) for the pair influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and was 2.06 (P = 0.056) for influenza virus and Haemophilus influenzae. Consistently positive, but not significant, associations were detected between rhinovirus and herpes simplex virus infections and isolations of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. In contrast, isolations of the nonpathogenic Haemophilus parainfluenzae could not be related to prior viral infections. Significant rises in titer of antibody to H. influenzae were detected on 76 occasions, and 20 (26%) of these antibody rises were associated with viral or mycoplasmal infections during the preceding 120 days. The expected number of such associations was 8.34 (ratio of number observed to number expected, 2.40; P = 0.08). These results suggest that viral infections of the respiratory tract in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are associated with increased colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria and may also predispose to infections with H. influenzae.
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PMID:Interactions between viruses and bacteria in patients with chronic bronchitis. 1 35

Infections of the central nervous system are common, serious medical conditions. One hundred consecutive adult cases with purulent meningitis of known etiology encountered by the Medical Service at Parkland Memorial Hospital were reviewed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (56 cases), followed by Neisseria meningitidis (16 cases) and Listeria monocytogenes (seven cases). Hemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and streptococci each accounted for five cases. An additional 15 patients had purulent meningitis with a pathogen being isolated. Twenty five purulent meningitis cases of known etiology after trauma or neurosurgery were reviewed. Staphylococcus aureus (five cases), Staphylococcus epidermidis (four cases), and gram negative bacilli (14 cases) were the most common pathogens. Review of intracranial suppurative infections demonstrated advances in microbiology, antibiotic therapy, and imaging, leading to improvements in therapy. Subdural empyema continues to be a difficult diagnosis to make and apparently is related to the anatomic pathology of the infectious process. To illustrate salient features about granulomatous meningitis and encephalitis, cases of tuberculous meningitis, herpes simplex encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and encephalitis of undetermined etiology are presented and discussed.
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PMID:Infections of the central nervous system. 145 78

Sixteen bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed in 15 children with HIV1 seropositivity, 12 of them being infected by HIV1. BAL was performed during episodes of acute pneumonitis with respiratory distress (group I: three cases) or without severity (group II: five cases), or in the presence of asymptomatic radiological pulmonary abnormalities (group III: seven cases). A specific diagnosis of infection was obtained in five cases of acute pneumonitis and 12 micro-organisms were identified by BAL: three cytomegaloviruses, three respiratory syncytial viruses, two Pneumocytis carinii, one Haemophilus influenzae, one Herpes simplex virus type 1, one Escherichia coli and one group A streptococcus. In three cases two micro-organisms were simultaneously identified. Cytological examination showed a high proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in cases of acute pneumonitis (group II) and alveolar lymphocytosis in clinically asymptomatic children with radiological pulmonary abnormalities (group III). BAL appears to be a reliable tool for the investigation of pulmonary infections in children with HIV1 seropositivity. In addition it has the advantage of revealing latent cytological abnormalities in these patients.
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PMID:[Broncho-alveolar lavage in HIV-1 seropositive children]. 196 41

Sore throats are most commonly due to infections, many of which are viral and do not require specific treatment. Symptoms and signs of the common cold, influenza or croup, the occurrence of conjunctivitis in some adenoviral infections, generalised lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly in glandular fever or the presence of vesicles characteristic of herpangina (Coxsackie A virus) or of herpes simplex infection, occasionally enable a clinical diagnosis and avoid the need for antibiotic therapy. In the case of treatable conditions a typical membrane may suggest diphtheria, a scarlatiniform rash infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes or to Corynebacterium haemolyticum, and a cherry-red epiglottis Haemophilus influenzae type b. Associated atypical pneumonia suggests infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydia pneumoniae. Pharyngitis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae may be accompanied by infection at other sites or by other sexually transmitted diseases. Candidal infection, in the appropriate clinical circumstance, should suggest HIV infection. Surgical drainage is required in the case of peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess. Noninfectious cases of sore throat, e.g. thyroiditis, are relatively uncommon considerations in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile pharyngitis. The most common problem is to recognise streptococcal pharyngitis, which requires antibiotic treatment for 10 days to avoid the risk of rheumatic fever.
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PMID:The sore throat. When to investigate and when to prescribe. 207

Changes in the concepts regarding epiglottis have occurred over the last two decades. Supraglottis, once thought to occur exclusively in the pediatric population, is now recognized in adults. Supraglottis is a well-defined syndrome usually caused by a bacterial infection by Haemophilus influenzae type B. Recently, other organisms have been implicated as etiologic agents in cases of supraglottitis. Documented viral supraglottitis is very rare, and adult supraglottitis due to herpes simplex virus-I has not been reported to our knowledge.
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PMID:Adult supraglottitis due to herpes simplex virus. 235 13

Haemophilus ducreyi ATCC 33922, a virulent, well-characterized strain, was used to construct a genomic library in a bacteriophage expression vector. Three DNA fragments were selected for use as probes on the basis of their ability to encode H. ducreyi-specific proteins, as demonstrated by reactivity with rabbit polyclonal antiserum. With DNA-DNA hybridization, the three probes, labeled with 32P, reacted strongly with 16 strains of H. ducreyi obtained from a variety of sources. Thirty-seven other bacterial isolates, representing 33 different species and including organisms likely to be encountered in the urogenital tract, were also tested with the three probes. Twenty-eight of these isolates, including the genital pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, showed no hybridization with the probes. In addition, herpes simplex virus-infected tissue culture cells and Treponema pallidum-infected rabbit testicular fluid were also completely nonreactive. Nine isolates, six belonging to other Haemophilus species and three belonging to Pasteurella species, reacted weakly with the probes when approximately 3.0 x 10(7) to 6.0 x 10(7) CFU was tested. When 10(5) to 10(6) CFU of these organisms was tested, the weak reactions could no longer be seen. Yet this number of H. ducreyi still reacted strongly. In fact, the three probes consistently detected 10(4) CFU of H. ducreyi in pure and mixed cultures and even produced a weak signal when only 10(3) CFU was present. It is clear from our results that use of these probes will greatly facilitate the laboratory diagnosis of this genital pathogen.
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PMID:DNA probes for the identification of Haemophilus ducreyi. 278 60

In the five year period between 1980 and 1984, 2146 adults and 172 neonates suffering from acute conjunctivitis underwent laboratory investigation for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Adenoviruses (AV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and pathogenic bacteria. Epidemiology and clinical features are presented and discussed. CT was detected in 29 per cent of neonates with conjunctivitis. 5.6 per cent of adults and older children investigated for follicular conjunctivitis were CT positive. There was a significant female preponderance among CT positive neonates of 1.9:1 (p less than 0.02). 91 per cent of neonates and 62 per cent of adults in whom CT was detected were receiving some sort of treatment. Serotypes 7, 3, 10, 4 and 8 were responsible in decreasing order of frequency for 96 per cent of AV infections. Serotype 7 was seen for the first time in an adult age distribution. HSV was isolated in 1.3 per cent of cases in the absence of typical lid or corneal lesions. Viral infection was not detected in any neonate. Bacterial infection was a more likely cause than CT in neonates if infection had persisted longer than 5 weeks (p much less than 0.001). Neonates with Staph aureus infection tended to present earlier in the course of disease than those with Haemophilus sp or Pneumococcus (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Adult follicular conjunctivitis and neonatal ophthalmia in a Liverpool eye hospital, 1980-1984. 283 20

In 1984 and 1985, outbreaks of genital ulcers occurred in Florida and New York. Initial investigations for syphilis, herpes simplex, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Haemophilus ducreyi did not implicate any of these organisms as etiologic agents. From the results of dot-immunobinding assays, we found that sera from the patients had higher levels of IgM (30 [47.6%] of 63 patients) and IgG (22 [34.9%] of 63 patients) reactivities with an outer-membrane preparation from H. ducreyi strain CIP542 than with outer-membrane preparations from Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 10211 or Haemophilus parainfluenzae ATCC 7901. In contrast, sera from 35 patients in the control group did not react with any of the outer-membrane preparations (P less than .01 for both IgM and and IgG reactivity), nor did sera from eight individuals with disease caused by H. influenzae (P = .051 for IgM reactivity, P = .02 for IgG reactivity). Indirect immunofluorescence assay using a monoclonal antibody reactive with outer-membrane preparations from H. ducreyi strain CIP542 stained organisms in smears of lesion material from genital ulcers from three of six patients. These results suggested that the cause of both outbreaks of genital ulcers was H. ducreyi which was subsequently isolated in both geographic areas.
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PMID:Use of dot-immunobinding and immunofluorescence assays to investigate clinically suspected cases of chancroid. 351 83

To determine the microbiological agents in conjunctivitis in children and young adults, physicians outside hospitals were asked to obtain samples from the conjunctiva in patients presenting with conjunctivitis. Specimens from 194 patients and 177 healthy controls were cultivated for Chlamydia trachomatis. In 12 cases Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated (i.e. 4 neonates, 1 three-year-old child and 7 adults, aged 17 to 39 years), but in none of the controls. Of the specimens from patients 168 and all of the healthy controls were cultivated for both bacteria (including Chlamydia trachomatis) and viruses. The main micro-organisms, regarded as infectious, were Haemophilus influenzae (20), Streptococcus pneumoniae (18), Staphylococcus aureus (14) and Chlamydia trachomatis (9). Haemophilus influenzae (non-typable strains) were isolated more frequently in the age group below 5 years of age than in the age group 5-50 years. Herpes simplex virus (type II) was isolated in one neonate. Chlamydia trachomatis is among the most important infectious agents in conjunctivitis treated outside hospitals. As chlamydial infections need special attention regarding treatment and follow-up, physicians should be encouraged to obtain specimens for microbiological examination, including chlamydia, from the population at risk.
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PMID:A microbiological study of conjunctivitis with emphasis on Chlamydia trachomatis, in northern Norway. 353 69

An imprint electroimmunofixation method (IEIF) was used to characterize antibodies to eight viral antigens (measles, mumps, rubella, herpes simplex type 1, varicella-zoster, vaccinia, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus) and four bacterial antigens (beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Hemophilus influenzae type B, Escherichia coli, enterococcus) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 12 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twelve patients matched for age and sex sex served as controls. Evidence for intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies to one or more antigens was found in all 12 MS patients and in 1 of the controls. In the MS group, antibodies to viruses with neurotropic properties were more frequently associated with local synthesis than antibodies to other viruses and bacteria. The types and number of locally synthesized antibodies showed no correlation with disease duration and severity. The antibodies were not associated with oligoclonal CSF IgG and appear to account for only a minor fraction of the locally synthesized CSF IgG in MS.
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PMID:Viral and bacterial antibody responses in multiple sclerosis. 625 33


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