Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experimental animals, immune responses to certain antigens are regulated by immunoglobulin allotype-linked genes. In an effort to detect such genes in humans, we examined the antibody responses of 74 healthy children with different Km(1) or Gm(23) allotypes to a Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (type b polysaccharide capsule-pertussis vaccine). The anticapsular antibody responses of black or white children with the Km(1) allotype were 4.6- to 9.5-fold higher than those of children who lacked this determinant (P less than 0.004). No significant differences were found in antibody response with respect to the Gm(23) allotype. The frequencies of Km(1) and Gm(23) also were examined in 170 patients with Haemophilus meningitis, 71 patients with epiglottitis, and 173 control children. Km(1) was detected less frequently in black patients with meningitis (38%) than in those with epiglottitis (81%, P less than 0.002) or in controls (66%, P less than 0.0007). The relative risk of meningitis thus was 3.2-fold lower among black children with the Km(1) allotype than in those who lacked this allotype (odds ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 0.6). However, the risk of meningitis was not decreased in white children with the Km(1) allotype (odds ratio = 1.0). There were no significant differences in the frequency of Gm(23) among the patient groups and controls. The Km(1) allotype but not the Gm(23) thus defines a subpopulation of children of both races who are high responders to this vaccine, and black children but not white children with the Km(1) allotype are at decreased risk of developing Haemophilus meningitis. These data indicate that in blacks, genes associated with Km(1) may affect immune response to a prototype type b Haemophilus vaccine, and perhaps interact with another factor related to race to affect susceptibility to Haemophilus meningitis.
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PMID:Response to immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-pertussis vaccine and risk of Haemophilus meningitis in children with the Km(1) immunoglobulin allotype. 633 1

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections diagnosed in Cambridge between January 1975 and December 1981 are reviewed. Altogether, 81 sites in 77 patients were infected. Of these patients, 41 had meningitis, 20 epiglottitis, 8 bone or joint infections (2 with concurrent meningitis), 4 cellulitis, 5 pneumonia (2 with concurrent epiglottitis) and 3 septicaemia in the absence of documented localised infection. Most patients (88%) were children less than 5 years of age. Only 8 adults with such infections were identified. Of these, 6 had an identifiable predisposing condition. The incidence of meningitis was 18 cases per 100 000 children less than 5 years of age. There were 3 deaths. Of the strains of H. influenzae isolated, 16% were ampicillin-resistant. The unusual age-specific incidence of epiglottitis and the incidence of deafness after meningitis are emphasised.
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PMID:A review of Haemophilus influenzae infections in Cambridge 1975-1981. 633 18

Infections of the uvula are infrequently recognized and have been previously described only in association with group A streptococcal pharyngitis or Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis. Three cases of H influenzae type b bacteremic uvulitis are described. In suspected cases of H influenzae type b uvulitis, a lateral neck radiograph should be performed and parenteral antibiotics initiated.
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PMID:Isolated uvulitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. 633 71

Acute epiglottitis, which is almost exclusively caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, was studied retrospectively in children 0 to 15 years old in a defined region of southwest Sweden from 1971 through 1980; 211 patients with clinically well-documented acute epiglottitis were found. The age-specific incidence was 14/100,000/year, which was higher than the incidence of H. influenzae meningitis. The median age was 4 years. Because 96% of the patients were older than 18 months, disease in those patients could theoretically have been prevented by the purified H. influenzae polysaccharide vaccine. Only a few patients had underlying diseases. In 186 patients an artificial airway was established. Even though all patients survived without sequelae, the large incidence of the disease emphasizes the importance of H. influenzae in older children.
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PMID:Incidence and prognosis of acute epiglottitis in children in a Swedish region. 633 44

Forty patients, between July 1977 and April 1982, with clinical diagnosis of epiglottitis were studied for the presence of capsular antigen by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and for positive blood culture. Blood culture was positive for Haemophilus influenzae only, in 15 patients. Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen was present in blood and/or urine of 25 patients (blood 14 patients, urine 18 patients). CIE associated with blood culture give conclusive proofs of Haemophilus influenzae etiology in 30 patients.
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PMID:[Microbiological diagnosis of epiglottitis]. 634 39

48,997 children of 3 months to 5 years were vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide vaccine in a double blind study carried out in Finland in 1974. A clear-cut effect was obtained in the incidence of epiglottitis. The number of patients decreased 58% for three years when compared with the three-year-period before vaccination (p less than 0.002). On the other hand, the number of cases during the three years following vaccination was 65% less than during the next three year period (p less than 0.001). The efficacy implies an exceptionally strong herd immunity, because only 37.7% of the children in the area were vaccinated. Regarding meningitis, no herd immunity was observed but vaccination induced a highly significant (p less than 0.001) individual protection (2 cases in the specifically vaccinated versus 20 in the control group in four years' time), provided the vaccine was given at the age of 18 months or later. No efficacy was obtained before this age limit. It was calculated that approximately 90 per cent of cases of epiglottitis and 50 per cent of meningitis would be prevented with the vaccine currently available. Taking also into account the strong herd immunity tendency, vaccination is likely to offer even larger benefits.
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PMID:Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine on the incidence of epiglottitis and meningitis. 634 44

2379 cases of infections due to Haemophilus are reported in a one year long French multicenter study. There were 1368 low respiratory and 540 high respiratory infections, 22 epiglottitis, 86 meningitis, and 68 septicemia (bacteremia). Four hundred and one times, we considered that the bacteria was not the cause of the infection. For each type of infection, we studied the distribution according to the age, the sex and the period of the year, the eventual associations and the involved serotypes. The lethality was low (22), mainly due to a particular deficiency. At last, we compared the different methods to obtain the pathologic products from the upper bronchial tract.
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PMID:[Clinical results of a multicenter study of Haemophilus infection]. 634 49

T-1982 (cefbuperazone) was evaluated in 25 children with a suspicion of bacterial infections, of the 21 confirmed bacterial infections, 18 were shown to be effective (efficacy rate, 85.7%). The diagnosis included pneumonia (4), bronchopneumonia (3), acute bronchitis (4), acute pharyngitis (1), acute laryngitis (1), acute epiglottitis (1), acute enterocolitis (3), cervical lymphadenitis (1), acute pyelonephritis (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiologic pathogens recovered were Haemophilus influenzae (4), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Salmonella typhimurium (1), Salmonella subgenus (1), and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (2). Among these strains, 7 strains were eradicated after treatment. A case of suspected septicemia and 2 cases of acute enterocolitis with Salmonella infection were not effectively treated with T-1982. The serum half-life of T-1982 was 1.2 hours after an intravenous bolus injection. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the T-1982 therapy. The data suggest that T-1982 is an effective and safe parenteral antibiotic in the treatment of susceptible pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the pediatric infections]. 634 35

A 60-year-old man, who had non-insulin-dependent diabetes but was otherwise in good health, was hospitalized for sudden upper airway obstruction and respiratory arrest. Findings on fiberoptic laryngoscopy were consistent with acute epiglottitis. Blood cultures and factor analysis later revealed that the responsible pathogen was Hemophilus parainfluenzae. Acute epiglottitis in the adult is no longer considered rare and is usually attributed to H influenzae. The case described here and two other cases reported elsewhere indicate that H parainfluenzae may also be a cause of this serious and often fatal infection of the upper respiratory tract.
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PMID:Acute Hemophilus parainfluenzae epiglottitis in an adult. 637 52

During a 7-year period ending June 30, 1980, the annual incidence of all Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among Navajo children less than 5 years old was 214 per 100,000, and that of H. influenzae meningitis was 152 per 100,000. Eighty-one percent of H. influenzae meningitis occurred in children 12 months of age or younger, and 64 percent clustered in children ages 4 through 8 months. Meningitis accounted for 70 percent of all invasive disease. No epiglottitis was observed. The epidemiology is similar to that in Yupik Eskimos, who have an even higher rate of H. influenzae type b disease than Navajos but are a much smaller population. Mortality from H. influenzae meningitis was low (4 percent) among Navajo children, but neurological sequelae were observed in at least 16 percent of the survivors. This high rate of sequelae may be due in part to clustering of cases in infancy. Among normal Navajo neonates, 79 percent had maternal capsular type b antibody titers greater than or equal to 0.15 micrograms per deciliter (microgram per dl), and the whole group had a geometric mean titer of 0.51 micrograms per dl. By age 4 months, when meningitis cases became frequent, only 14 percent of Navajo infants had antibody titers greater than or equal to 0.15 micrograms per dl. Twelve of 67 asymptomatic infants (18 percent), each monitored every 2 months, had H. influenzae type b or a cross-reacting organism isolated from the pharynx on at least one occasion before they were 9 months old. Active immunization would be theoretically indicated in this population with high H.influenzae type b exposure and disease, but a vaccine would have to confer substantial immunity in very young infants.
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PMID:Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type B disease among Navajo Indians. 643 89


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