Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From July 1977 to May 1987, 27 children with acute epiglottitis were treated in our intensive care unit. Haemophilus influenzae type b was identified by positive blood culture in 14 of 27 cases. Until 1983 the first 11 children were treated with ampicillin (100 mg/kg) for a mean duration of 10 days according to the standard therapeutic regimen and/or proven sensitivity from blood cultures (5 of 11 cases). The first finding of an ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenza type b strain dates from January 1984. From this date on initial antibiotic therapy consisted of cefotaxime (100 mg/kg). Blood cultures proved good sensitivity to cefotaxime (100%) but an increasing rate of resistance to ampicillin (3 of 9 identified strains). Haemophilus influenzae septicemia in acute epiglottitis is verified by the isolation of Haemophilus influenzae type b from blood cultures (14/27) and the additional pneumonias (14/27). Additional meningitis as seen is a very rare complication. Facing these potentially life-threatening secondary foci of this invasive infection, an effective antibiotic therapy is mandatory. Our experiences confirm recommendations from US, UK, Australia, and Spain, where ampicillin was replaced by third generation cephalosporins as initial antibiotic therapy due to the increasing rate of resistance of Haemophilus influenzae type b.
 ...
PMID:[Acute epiglottitis: therapeutic consequences of change in the resistance of Haemophilus influenzae serotype B]. 329 Jun 61

Acute epiglottitis is seldom encountered in adults, but the condition is probably more frequent than reported in the literature. Nineteen cases of adult epiglottitis were analysed retrospectively. In 53% of the patients, the symptoms were present for less than 24 h prior to hospitalization. Sore throat and dysphagia were invariably present. Three patients presented with stridor and 2 with complete airway obstruction. Throat cultures from 5 patients grew beta-haemolytic streptococci and from 2 Haemophilus influenzae type B was grown. Two tracheotomies and 1 nasotracheal intubation were performed. One death occurred. It is emphasized that any adult with an acute sore throat and dysphagia should undergo indirect laryngoscopy and that blood cultures should always be part of the routine bacteriological investigation. Cooperation and understanding among otolaryngologists and anaesthesiologists is of paramount importance in the management of acute adult epiglottitis, as nasotracheal intubation and cricothyroidotomy appear to be the methods of choice in securing an airway. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol are recommended in the medical treatment.
 ...
PMID:Acute epiglottitis in adults: bacteriology and therapeutic principles. 332 11

The use of rifampicin prophylaxis is recommended in close contacts of individuals with invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection if they include a child less than 4 years old in whom the risk of secondary infection is relatively high. In practice, delays in administration of rifampicin, contra-indications to its use and the difficulty of identifying all contacts at risk can reduce significantly its efficacy. Only 1-2% of cases of H. influenzae type b diseases are attributable to known contact and, at best, rifampicin prophylaxis can have little impact on the incidence. In the USA, one in 200 children less than 5 years old is affected. The incidence is probably similar in Australia but there are local differences which could affect the value of preventative measures. The vaccine recently licensed in the USA is not effective in children less than 18-24 months of age in whom the incidence of invasive H. influenzae type b infection, other than epiglottitis, is highest. Nevertheless, it could prevent more than 30% of cases if given to children at the age of 24 months. Vaccines effective in younger infants should become available soon. The best chance of prevention is by the optimal use of both rifampicin prophylaxis and immunization.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology and prevention of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. 332 12

Epiglottitis in pediatric patients is an infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, which can lead rapidly to sepsis and an asphyxial death. In an effort to study the cause and clinical course of adult epiglottitis, eight serially hospitalized adult patients with supraglottitis over a ten-month period were prospectively evaluated, including a daily laryngeal examination. Although multiple anatomic sites in the larynx and oropharynx were inflamed, the epiglottis was often not the most involved area and was actually normal in one patient. Bacterial cultures were harvested from blood, the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the vallecula in all patients and the preepiglottic space in two patients. In no case was H influenzae demonstrated. No patient developed respiratory compromise. It was concluded that epiglottitis is an inaccurate description of this disorder and that this non-H influenzae adult variety of supraglottitis seemingly can follow a less pernicious course than the classically described infection.
 ...
PMID:Adult supraglottitis. A prospective analysis. 333 78

Ceftriaxone treatment (50 to 80 mg/kg once daily) was given to 201 children between 1 month and 18 years of age. There were 201 serious bacterial infections, including epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyelonephritis, sepsis, and meningitis. The common pathogens responsible for pediatric infections isolated from these patients included Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The overall clinic cure rate was 94%. Ten patients were clinically improved but not cured. There were two clinical failures. Bacteriologic failure occurred in six patients. The overall bacteriologic cure rate was 97%. Twenty patients (10%) experienced adverse effects; none required discontinuation of therapy. The efficacy, safety, spectrum, and convenience of ceftriaxone monotherapy make this antimicrobial agent a candidate for the treatment of choice of selected serious pediatric infections.
 ...
PMID:Once-daily administration of ceftriaxone for the treatment of selected serious bacterial infections in children. 340 85

We report a series of 60 children with epiglottitis, 42 who were admitted via our emergency room and 18 who were transferred to Children's Hospital of Michigan (CHM) after initial airway management elsewhere. Patients managed entirely at CHM had lateral neck x-rays performed (diagnostic in each case), and underwent nasotracheal intubation in the operating room. There was no mortality or permanent morbidity in this group. Transferred patients were managed in a variety of ways at their referring institutions, sometimes without an artificial airway. Complications in this group included transient hypoxic encephalopathy (three children) and permanent severe encephalopathy (one child); four other children died. Blood cultures were positive for Hemophilus influenzae type b in 96% of the entire series. This study illustrates the importance of a consistent, well-organized approach to the diagnosis and management of epiglottitis, the reliability of a lateral neck x-ray, the high incidence of H. influenzae bacteremia, and the efficacy of nasotracheal intubation for maintaining airway patency in this disease.
 ...
PMID:Acute epiglottitis in children: a conservative approach to diagnosis and management. 348 44

A survey of serious infections due to Haemophilus influenzae, in the years 1973-1984, was made at the Birmingham Children's Hospital. Eight-three cases were recorded, comprising 42 of meningitis, 18 of septicaemia, 16 of epiglottitis and seven of septic arthritis or osteomyelitis. The mortality rate for meningitis and septicaemia was 5%, but no child with epiglottitis or septic arthritis died. The data are compared with those of American studies. The incidence of severe haemophilus infection in the inner city area of Birmingham was estimated to be at least 1 in 950 children during the period of the study.
 ...
PMID:Ten years' experience of Haemophilus influenzae infection at Birmingham Children's Hospital. 348 91

Uvulitis and Hemophilus influenzae b (HIb) bacteremia occurred in two infants. Uvulitis may be associated with HIb bacteremia, with or without epiglottitis. An acutely inflamed uvula in a febrile infant should alert the physician to the possibility of HIb bacteremia and potentially serious sequelae. Hospitalization and parenteral antibiotic therapy are recommended.
 ...
PMID:Uvulitis and Hemophilus influenzae b bacteremia. 349 Jun 55

A 10-year retrospective study of age-frequency, sites of infection, and pre-existing conditions in 297 children with Hemophilus influenzae (HI) disease seen at Grady Memorial Hospital from 1974 through 1984 is described. The majority of the patients were black (73%) and of lower socioeconomic status and were less than 2 years of age. Manifestations of HI disease were similar to those described in reports from other centers, with meningitis being the most common (56.7%). Epiglottitis was much less common in the present study than is generally reported. The death rate of all patients was 1.8 percent. The results of this study indicate that HI disease continues to be a significant risk in children less than 2 years of age.
 ...
PMID:Systemic Hemophilus influenzae disease in children. A 10-year retrospective study of an urban hospital population. 349 Sep 45

From 1976 to 1985, 27 adult invasive Haemophilus infections were observed at the University Medical Center in Lausanne. Only 5 cases (19%) were caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, while 12 cases (44%) were due to Haemophilus species other than H. influenzae. Two out of 24 strains tested were ampicillin-resistant. The infections were meningitis in 8, pneumonia in 7, endocarditis in 5, sepsis of unknown origin in 4, epiglottitis in 2, and one gynecological infection. Except for the latter three patients, each case was associated with one or more underlying conditions. Seven patients died (26%), in three of whom death was directly related to the infectious process. This report and a review of the literature show that adult invasive Haemophilus infections are not uncommon and may be serious. Associated underlying diseases and advanced age are generally present. In contrast to infections occurring in children, invasive Haemophilus infections in adults are not restricted to encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae type b strains.
 ...
PMID:[Invasive Haemophilus infections in adults]. 349 62


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>