Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comprehensive case definition was used to study all cases of epiglottitis that occurred in children under 15 years of age in Western Australia during a 5 year period. There was microbiological evidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in 71% of 103 cases of epiglottitis. Seventy-five per cent of cases occurred in children under 5 years of age. In this age group, the estimated annual incidence (13.5 episodes per 100,000) was significantly lower than that reported in Victoria (22.7 per 100,000). The case definition of invasive H. influenzae type b disease used for surveillance purposes in Canada was more sensitive than the definitions used in the United States or England and Wales, yet even the Canadian definition could have detected only 65% of the cases of epiglottitis that occurred in Western Australia. A simple and sensitive surveillance system which could be used to monitor the impact of H. influenzae type b immunization in Western Australia is proposed.
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PMID:The epidemiology of acute epiglottitis in children in Western Australia. 146 44

A case review of epiglottitis at Geisinger Medical Center over the past 12 years demonstrates a decrease in the number of pediatric patients with epiglottitis and an increase in the number of adults with epiglottitis. In the last five years, the number of epiglottitis patients younger than 10 years has fallen (0 cases), while the number of patients over 10 years of age has increased (6 cases). The cause of epiglottitis, Hemophilus influenzae type b, remains constant in the pediatric as well as in the adult population. There appears to be an increasing frequency of epiglottitis in adults and a decreasing frequency of epiglottitis in children.
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PMID:A changing pattern of epiglottitis. 146 69

During a 25-year period 168 adults and 111 children in Copenhagen County were treated for acute epiglottitis. Four patients, two children and two adults died, of these the two children and one adult had a cardiac arrest on arriving at the hospital. Most children were treated by nasotracheal intubation while only some adults required nasotracheal intubation in order to secure the airway. Our data indicate that intubation of adults with epiglottitis is technically more difficult than in children. The fibrelaryngoscope, a new diagnostic tool, is advocated, and was in this study used to establish the diagnosis in 12 unclear cases of acute epiglottitis. The incidence of acute epiglottitis in children was calculated at 3.2/100,000 with a minor annual variation. As vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b becomes more common, the incidence will probably be markedly reduced, maybe even eradicated in children, but in adults the same reduction cannot be expected as the causative agent in this group is less frequently Haemophilus influenzae type b.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis--25 years experience with nasotracheal intubation, current management policy and future trends. 148 63

Report on two deaths from a natural internal cause in children beyond the first year of life. The children (a two-year and a three-year old boy), who seemed completely healthy, sudden suffered from acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract with dyspnea, inspiratory stridor, fever, dysphagia, and flow of saliva. The disease took a fulminant course and the children died within a few hours showing symptoms of intense dyspnea and cyanosis. The above symptoms and progress were typical of acute epiglottitis. Autopsy revealed an intense inflammation and tumescence of the epiglottis in both cases. The diagnosis of epiglottitis was confirmed histologically and bacteriologically (Haemophilus influenzae).
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PMID:[Unexpected fatalities in childhood caused by acute epiglottitis]. 148 25

Uvulitis is an uncommonly reported disorder with the potential for significant morbidity. We describe three cases of uvulitis seen within a six month period in our emergency department. In two cases with respiratory distress, but without epiglottitis, Haemophilus influenzae was isolated from throat or blood cultures. The third case was associated with group A streptococcus tonsillitis and no respiratory compromise. Atypical presentations of upper airway infection with H. influenzae may be increasingly common.
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PMID:Uvulitis in three children: etiology and respiratory distress. 151 29

For better definition of the clinical course and outcome of children with occult bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), we reviewed the medical records of children who were initially managed as outpatients and subsequently found to be bacteremic. At Yale-New Haven Hospital (1971 to 1987) and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (1982 to 1987), 69 previously healthy children were identified with occult Hib bacteremia. Their median age was 14 months (range, 4 to 89 months). Thirty-six (52%) of the 69 were either febrile and/or had a focus of serious infection at follow-up (meningitis (17), pneumonia (5), epiglottitis (3), cellulitis (5), and septic arthritis (3)). Although the remaining 33 children (48%) were afebrile and appeared well on reevaluation, 3 of these 33 were still bacteremic and another 5 subsequently developed focal Hib infections. These 8 children were significantly younger (median age, 8.5 months) than the 25 children who remained well (median age, 16 months; P = 0.03). Of the 28 children who had initially been treated with antimicrobials to which their organism was known to be susceptible, 12 (43%) were improved at reevaluation and remained well; 7 (23%) of the 31 patients who had not received such antimicrobials improved and remained well (P = 0.17). Children initially managed as outpatients and later found to have had Hib bacteremia are at risk of subsequently developing a serious focal infection.
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PMID:Outcome of children with occult bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. 152 40

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hinb) is the main etiologic agent of severe pediatric illnesses, such as meningitis, epiglottitis and pneumonia. Countries most affected by this pathogen are localized in the American, European and African continents. While this organism was originally isolated 100 years ago, the first field trial using a whole killed vaccine was performed until 1959. Since then, further controlled clinical trials have mainly been conducted in the North American and European continents. Under appropriate safety and efficacy evaluation tests performed by the Federal Drug Administration Agency (FDA), five vaccines were licensed: one single and four conjugated preparations. Worldwide and regional epidemiologic data concerning serious diseases produced by this organism have shown their outstanding impact in the public health of developed countries. Unfortunately, in developing countries similar epidemiological indexes are lacking for lethal and disabling diseases, such as meningitis. In order to decrease high morbidity and mortality rates of this meningeal disease and its neurological sequelae, immunoprophylactic preventive measures have been recommended. Furthermore, some risk factors of this infant illness can also be reduced. New strategies regarding conjugate Hib-vaccines are reviewed. Finally, promising virulence factors or self Hib-structures for the production of vaccines are suggested, such as outer membrane proteins (OMP), lipooligosaccharides, fimbriae or pili.
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PMID:[Vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae B: present, past and future]. 161 46

Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of epiglottitis and meningitis in children and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults. However, the ability of this organism to cause serious infections in adults is less well recognized. We report a case of a 34-year-old previously healthy female who presented with epiglottitis and later developed bilateral empyema; both blood and pleural fluid grew Haemophilus influenzae.
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PMID:Bilateral thoracic empyema complicating adult epiglottitis. 175 3

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) is a well-recognized cause of serious infection in infants and toddlers. However, little information exists regarding HIB infections in older children. This report describes serious HIB infections in 23 children (eight immunocompromised; 15 immunocompetent) older than 59 months of age. Data were collected over an 11-year period. The mean age of the children was 7.6 years (range, 5-15 years), and 14 were male. While three of the eight immunocompromised children had HIB pneumonia, none of the immunocompetent group had this diagnosis. Eleven of the 15 immunocompetent children had epiglottitis or meningitis. HIB bacteremia without focal infection occurred in four children, two immunocompromised and two immunocompetent. This study supports the recommendation of empiric HIB antibiotic therapy for children up to 12 years of age who have serious infections. Antibiotics effective against HIB should be included in the presumptive antibiotic therapy of seriously ill immunocompromised children, regardless of age.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia in older children. 178 18

We analyze 13 children between 1 and 3 years old (mean: 24.6 +/- 6.5 months), who were diagnosed (by direct or radiological examination) of epiglottitis. Seven were male. All of them had fever and respiratory distress. Six blood cultures (46%) were positive for Hemophilus Influenzae, and in 5 cases were resistant to beta-lactamases. Diagnose was made by radiology (70%) or by direct examination (30%). Five patients were not intubated (38%), with a favorable outcome. One died after a cardiorespiratory arrest due to self-extubation. We describe in this study our experience in the conservative treatment of epiglotitis, although initial nasotracheal intubation is the safest method for the management of this entity.
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PMID:[Treatment of acute epiglottitis]. 179 87


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