Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven cases of adult Haemophilus parainfluenzae infections diagnosed by positive blood cultures are compared with cases previously reported in the English literature. Three patients had pneumonia, while the others had epiglottitis with meningitis, pharyngitis, arthritis, and endocarditis, respectively. Nonendocarditic manifestations of adult H parainfluenzae infection were reported in four other cases. In addition to the diseases of our patients, H parainfluenzae also has been isolated from cerebral abscesses. Patients did well with antibiotic therapy and there were no deaths. Patients did well with antibiotic therapy and there were no deaths. Report of antibiotic sensitivity testing of 50 strains disclosed 6% of isolates resistant to ampicillin sodium, with all sensitive to chloramphenicol. If the antibiotic sensitivity of the organism is unknown, then chloramphenicol therapy should be instituted until adequate susceptibility studies have been performed. If the organism is sensitive to ampicillin, then this is the drug of choice.
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PMID:Adult bacteremic Haemophilus parainfluenzae infections. Seven reports of cases and a review of the literature. 47 36

Using positive blood, lung, or pleural fluid cultures as definitive criteria for bacterial infection, 43 examples of Hemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia were identified in a 43-month period. The mean age of the patients was 26 months; 12% were older than 5 years of age. Associated infections were found in 34 patients and included upper respiratory infections, otitis media, epiglottitis, and meningitis. Positive nasopharyngeal cultures were observed in only 33%. Radiologically, segmental or lobar infiltrates accounted for 85% of the pneumonias. In two cases, death was attributed to the pneumonia alone. Treatment with penicillin G or ampicillin was equally effective. Our data suggest that H. influenzae pneumonia is commonly a serious infection that cannot be distinguished clinically or radiologically from other pneumonias.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia in 43 children. 69 Jul 52

Nine cases of acute epiglottitis in adults, seen over a period of ten years, are presented. The presence of severe pain and dysphagia as universal presenting features are stressed, and the frequent absence of pharyngeal injection is noted. We found that the disease in adults differs from that in children in that pain and dysphagia are more marked, that stridor is a less prominent feature, and that Haemophilus influenzae appears not to be the sole causative organism.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis in adults. 85 52

A case of life-threatening laryngo-epiglottitis is reported, caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus paraphrophilus. Clinicians and microbiologists should be aware of a beta-lactamase-mediated resistance among Haemophilus species other than H. influenzae.
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PMID:Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus paraphrophilus laryngo-epiglottitis. 104 88

From May 1973 thorugh April 1974, a total of 83 children with severe Haemophilus influenzae infections were treated in three Denver pediatric hospitals. Although meningitis was the most common clinical manifestation (45 cases), other foci of infection were also noted (pneumonia, 12 cases; cheek cellulitis, eight cases; epiglottitis, eight cases; empyema, seven cases; pericarditis, three cases; arthritis, one case; periorbital cellulitis, one case; and abscess, one case). Nine children had positive blood cultures with H influenzae without an initial detectable focus of infection. Two patients developed clinically apparent sites of infection (osteomyelitis and scalp abscesses).
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PMID:Severe Haemophilus influenzae infections. 107 91

Children who had recovered from meningitis, orbital cellulitis, or epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b were immunized with capsular polysaccharide vaccine derived from that bacterium; some healthy siblings and adults who had not had H. influenzae infections were also vaccinated. Of 10 children who had had H. influenzae meningitis previously, only one had an antibody response to the vaccine. One child with prior H. influenzae orbital cellulitis also failed to respond. None of the children had detectable H. influenzae polysaccharide antigen in their bloodstream at the time of immunization. Two children who had had H. influenzae epiglottitis and six of seven controls without histories of H. influenzae infections responded immunologically to the vaccine. One of eight vaccinees under two years of age showed a response, and eight of 12 over two years responded well (P = 0.02). All four nonresponders over the age of two years had had H; influenzae meningitis or cellulitis. Children who had had H. influenzae meningitis responded less well to the polysaccharide vaccine than did other recipients of the vaccine; this difference could not be explained solely on the basis of age;
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PMID:Effect of previous infection on antibody response of children to vaccination with capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae Type b. 108 Jan 78

Nose and throat swabs, for culture of Haemophilus influenza type b, and blood samples, for measurement of antibodies specific for that serotype, were collected from members of 28 families from which children had been admitted to hospital with acute H. influenzae type b infections (mainly meningitis or epiglottitis). The patients with meningitis were younger than those with epiglottitis and had more siblings, with a marked predominance of sisters. Investigations within a few days of admission of the affected children to hospital detected carriers of H. influenzae type b (19 altogether) in 13 of the 28 families, including 9 of the 13 families with 3 or more children. Members with raised antibody titres for H. influenzae type b (suggesting the presence of the organism for at least a few weeks) were found in 17 of the 25 families from which blood samples were obtained, including all 11 families with 3 or more children. Most of the patients probably acquired their infections from within their own families, and siblings under 11 years old were of predominant importance both as carriers and as potential sources of the patients' infections. Persistence of the organism within families for up to 6 months was demonstrated. Possible reasons for the difference in age-incidence between haemophilus meningitis and epiglottitis and for the occurrence of the former in babies with older sisters are suggested, and also a possible connection between the results of this survey and the likely value of immunization against H. influenzae type b.
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PMID:An investigation of the family background of acute Haemophilus infections of children. 108 Jul 69

Levels of antibody in serum after infection with Haemophilus influenza type b or challenge with polysaccharide vaccine are highly variable. Convalescent-phase serum antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of H. influenzae type b was measured in two groups of patients with pathophysiologically distinct diseases, meningitis and acute epiglottitis. Antibody response after H. influenzae meningitis was subnormal. Mean levels of antibody, the distribution of antibody levels by age, and erythrocyte and genetic marker lymphocyte antigens were studied; all results suggested that these two groups of patients were genetically and immunologically different from each other. Evidence suggested that the magnitude of the important host immunologic response was under host genetic control.
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PMID:Host factors and antibody response Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis and epiglottitis. 108 99

25 patients, 15 children and 10 adults, with the clinical diagnosis of acute epiglottitis were studied. Patients severely ill on admission, 13 children and 1 adult, were immediately treated with tracheotomy and antibiotics; the remaining patients with antibiotics only. Haemophilus influenzae type b was the causative organism in all children and in 3 adults. One adult had a Diplococcus pneumoniae infection. No pathogens were isolated from the 6 remaining patients. Four of the children developed H. influenzae type b meningitis. All patients recovered. Anti-b antibodies were not demonstrable in any initial serum sample while agglutinating anti-b antibodies were found in subsequent samples (indirect hemagglutination). All patients with a type b infection had already initially precipitating anti-O antibodies against their own strain, and in most cases complement-fixing anti-O antibodies (mixed H. influenzae O antigen) with rising titers in subsequent serum samples. A possible connection between the presence of anti-O antibodies initially and the development of the acute epiglottitis is discussed.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis; a clinical, bacteriological and serological study. 110 71

Three types of acute obstructive laryngitis in children are distinguished: 1. Acute supraglottic laryngitis (Epiglottitis acuta): The usual causative organism is Hemophilus influenzae, type B. Characteristic findings include a swollen red epiglottis. Treatment is based on Ampicillin, Solucortef (hydrocortisone-sodium succinate) i.m., air humidification, intravenous infusions and airway protection (tracheotomy or intubation). From 1958-1967, 68 children were treated, of whom boys were twice as commonly affected as girls. In about 80% of cases, tracheotomy was still found necessary. 2. Acute subglottic laryngitis: Mucosal swelling in the subglottic space causes a clinical picture which initially is common to several groups of deseases. In allergic subglottic edema, a pale "pillow-shaped" swelling occurs which responds favorably to antiallergenics and cortisone. In contrast, infectious swelling is partially caused by the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Parainfluenzae virus was isolated in 60% of these cases at our hospital. During the period studied, 2,741 cases were treated, of whom boys were 3.3 times more frequently affected than girls. The use of Solu-cortef i.m. has decreased the tracheotomy rate from 12% to 0. 3. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis: In this disease process, the initial infection is attributed to a virus, with the infected mucosa secondarily invaded by bacteria. The clinical course is prolonged when compared to subglottic laryngitis, and the general condition seriously affected. Both expiratory and inspiratory stridors occur. Tracheotomy is usually required, with viscous crusts removed by bronchoscopy. Respirator treatment is also often required. Fourteen children have been treated, of whom two have died.
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PMID:[Acute obstructive laryngitis in children (author's transl)]. 119 91


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