Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a three-year-period, 1971-73 inclusive, haemophili isolated from 96 children with severe infections, of whom 73 had meningitis and 19 acute epiglottitis, were serotyped and tested for sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. All strains were identified as Haemophilus influezae type b, and were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. However, 3 isolates--from a boy aged 11 months and a girl aged 1 year with meningitis, and a girl aged 2 years with epiglottitis--were highly resistant to tetracycline, with a median minimal inhibitory concentration of 50 mug tetracycline hydrochloride per ml (resistance ratio greater than or equal to 50). Resistance was also demonstrated to doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and rolitetracycline and, in one strain, to minocycline. No evidence was obtained that the resistant organisms were capable of inactivating tetracyclines.
 ...
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type B resistant to tetracycline isolated from children with meningitis. 5 73

Analysis of airway radiographs of 20 children with proven acute epiglottitis revealed that five (25%) had, in addition to supraglottic edema, localized subglottic edema radiographically indistinguishable from that seen in croup. In all five patients the etiologic organism was Hemophilus influenzae type B.
 ...
PMID:Subglottic edema in acute epiglottitis in children. 10 48

Meningitis and epiglottitis are the clinical manifestations of severe Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infection. Compared with meningitis, epiglottitis occurs in older children. When secondary cases occur within the family, the type of clinical manifestation produced by this serotype is generally similar in siblings. This report concerns the unusual occurrence of meningitis developing in older child and epiglottitis developing in the younger one. We discuss the possible explanations for this unusual pattern. We also survey the spread of H influenzae both within and outside the family unit and review the present status of histocompatibility antigens and Haemophilus disease.
 ...
PMID:Intrafamily spread of Haemophilus type b infections. 30 99

A longitudinal study of pharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b included 264 members of families that had a child with meningitis or epiglottitis due to this organism. It was found that (1) 52 of 67 such families contained at least one carrier of H. influenzae type b, who was usually a sibling; (2) H. influenzae type b spread slowly in 39 families colonized continuously during a six-month period, with only eight of 19 uncolonized siblings acquiring the organism during that time; (3) 18 of 30 initially colonized families contained one or more carriers after 12 months, including 30% of initially colonized siblings; (4) the highest carrier rate of H. influenzae type b occurred in recovered patients, 80% of whom were colonized after hospital discharge; (5) titers of antibody in serum were higher in colonized than in uncolonized individuals (P less than 0.001); (6) levels of antibody in colonized children were lower in those younger than two years than in older children (P less than 0.001); and (7) prolonged or heavy colonization with H. influenzae type b was not associated with unusually high titers of antibody.
 ...
PMID:Pharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b: a longitudinal study of families with a child with meningitis or epiglottitis due to H. influenzae type b. 30 88

Two adults were admitted to the University Hospital of Geneva with acute Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis. The disease was characterized by rapid progression of sore throat, upper dysphagia, fever and dyspnea. Acute upper airway obstruction required emergency tracheotomy in both cases. The patients recovered under ampicillin therapy. All the 100 cases from the literature for which clinical data were available have been analyzed:--Epiglottitis in adult is not exceptional.--Haemophilus influenzae type b is the most common infective organism documented, and was found in all positive blood cultures but one.--The typical presentation is severe sore throat, with upper dysphagia, fever and dyspnea.--Clinical course is rapid and serious, and acute respiratory distress develops in 57% of cases; overall mortality is 27%.--Emergency routine tracheotomy appears to be the most reliable treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Acute epiglottitides in the adult]. 30 60

Haemophilus influenzae is an aerobic pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus that requires both X and V factors for growth. It grows poorly, if at all, on ordinary blood agar unless streaked with Staph. aureus. It grows well on chocolate agar. Because this medium is often not used in culturing specimens from adults and because the organism may be overgrown by other bacteria, the frequency of H. influenzae infections has undoubtedly been seriously underestimated. This is aggravated by the failure of many physicians to obtain blood cultures in suspected bacterial infections and the failure of many laboratories to subculture them routinely onto chocolate agar. H. influenzae, along with Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major factor in acute sinusitis. It is probably the most frequent etiologic agent of acute epiglottitis. It is probably a common, but commonly unrecognized, cause of bacterial pneumonia, where it has a distinctive appearance on Gram stain. It is unusual in adult meningitis, but should particularly be considered in alcoholics; in those with recent or remote head trauma, especially with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea; in patients with splenectomies and those with primary or secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. It may rarely cause a wide variety of other infections in adults, including purulent pericarditis, endocarditis, septic arthritis, obstetrical and gynecologic infections, urinary and biliary tract infections, and cellulitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is somewhat capricious in part from the marked effect of inoculum size in some circumstances. In vitro and in vivo results support the use of ampicillin, unless the organism produces beta-lactamase. Alternatives in minor infections include tetracycline, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. For serious infections chloramphenicol is the best choice if the organism is ampicillin-resistant or the patient is penicillin-allergic.
 ...
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae infections in adults: report of nine cases and a review of the literature. 31 Sep 43

During 1969-1977, 48 children with blood cultures proved positive for Haemophilus influenzae type B epiglottitis were evaluated and treated. The fatality rate was 2%; one child died and another developed irreversible hypoxic brain damage. Ninety-five percent of the children were intubated and none required tracheostomy. The endotracheal tubes remained in place for 3.3 +/- 1.5 days. Short-term parenteral antimicrobial therapy, 4.0 +/- 1.4 days, was sufficient to eradicate bacteremia and prevent metastatic infectious foci. This report demonstrates the excellent results achieved in the treatment of epiglottitis with brief intubation and parenteral antimicrobial therapy.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae type B epiglottitis. 31 84

Six soft tissue infections (three epiglottitis, one cellulitis, one pneumonia, and one arthritis) with ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae were treated initially with high doses of ampicillin (200 to 400 mg/kg/day intravenously) alone and had good clinical responses. All had documented bacteremia with H. influenzae. One child was treated only with ampicillin; treatment in the remainder was changed to oral therapy with other antibiotics to facilitate discharge. There was no recurrence of disease. Disc diffusion studies done on clinical isolates of both resistant and sensitive organisms indicate a break point at which the resistant organism shows progressive sensitivity to increasingly higher concentrations of ampicillin.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in soft tissue infections with high doses of ampicillin. 31 30

Quantitative blood cultures were sought in 383 children, from whom routine blood cultures were obtained because of fever, by direct plating of 10 and 100 microliter blood onto solidified media. There were 14 positive cultures from 12 patients. These were 7 Hemophilus influenzae type b, 5 Streptococcus penumoniae, and 2 Staphylococcus aureus. The direct-plating technique permitted more rapid identification of positive cultures, and detected three episodes not identified by routine broth culture. Bacterial counts ranged from 20 to greater than 10(4) bacteria/ml blood. In the three cases of H. influenzae type b meningitis, bacteremia exceeded 10(3)/ml. Among nine patients in whom bacteremia was unassociated with meningitis, (bacteremia without evident localized disease 5, pneumonia 2, epiglottitis 1, peritonitis 1), bacteremia was less than 10(3)/ml. This technique may aid detection of bacteremia and help identify those children at highest risk for developing septic complications, such as meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Detection and quantitation of bacteremia in childhood. 33 75

During a 14-month period, eight infants and children were observed with an acute, infectious, upper airway obstructive disease with features common to both croup and epiglottitis. We have termed this distinct entity "bacterial tracheitis." All patients failed to respond to treatment for croup, including racemic epinephrine delivered by intermittent positive-pressure breathing. Direct laryngoscopy consistently revealed a normal epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds but marked subglottic mucosal edema. Tracheal suctioning yielded copius mucopus below the subglottic swelling. Gram stain of this material corroborated subsequent cultures: Staphylococcus aureus, six; group A Streptococcus, one; and Haemophilus influenzae (not typed), one. All patients required periodic tracheal suctioning for relief of upper airway obstruction. Six patients required endotracheal intubation; one required a tracheostomy. Bacterial tracheitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a young child with a croup-like illness that is refractory to conventional therapy.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial tracheitis. 37 79


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>