Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of bacterial endocarditis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae are reported with a review of 33 other cases of H. parainfluenzae endocarditis and 5 cases of H. influenzae endocarditis. Although H. parainfluenzae is usually considered a non-pathogenic microorganism, this review firmly establishes its role as a causative agent in endocarditis. Furthermore, several clinical features were noted which were atypical when compared to findings usually present in patients with bacterial endocarditis. The mean age of the patients was only 27 years. Over 60% of the patients had no identifiable predisposing illness, an unexpected finding in view of the low degree of pathogenicity associated with this microorganism. Polymicrobial bacteremia, usually with viridans streptococci, was found in 11% of patients. Major arterial emboli were documented in 57% of patients, an incidence unchanged from the pre-antibiotic era. Diagnosis of the disease is dependent upon an awareness of the fastidious cultural requirements necessary for isolation of Haemophilus species. Culture media must contain a source of X and V factors. Mortality from H. parainfluenzae endocarditis has been reduced from 100 per cent prior to 1940 to about 12 per cent by use of appropriate antimicrobial agents. Awareness that Haemophilus species can cause bacterial endocarditis is important because the diagnosis is dependent upon utilization of special culture methods and the patient may not respond to some of the empiric regimens used for treating bacterial endocarditis. It should be especially considered as a possible cause of "culture-negative" or "abacteremic" endocarditis.
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PMID:Haemophilus parainfluenzae and influenzae endocarditis: a review of forty cases. 32 16

A case of Haemophilus parainfluenzae bacterial endocarditis is described. This is the first reported case of endocarditis caused by ampicillin resistant H parainfluenzae. Resistance was not mediated by a beta lactamase. Ampicillin therapy had not controlled the infection, but a four-week course of chloramphenicol was curative. Several general therapeutic points are discussed.
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PMID:Ampicillin resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis. 51 70

PC-904 was administered to 16 pediatric patients and the following basic and clinical results were obtained. (1) PC-904 was administered 20 approximately 30 mg/kg. The serum peak level of PC-904 after drip intravenous infusion over 1 hour was 66.7 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 67.8 minutes. PC-904 was administered 25 approximately 30 mg/kg intravenous one shot injection was 49.4 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 52.2 minutes. (2) Urinary excretion rate was about 20% up to 6 hours after drip intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg. In a case of intravenous one shot injection of 25 approximately 30 mg/kg, the excretion rate was 11.9 approximately 19.9%. (3) PC-904 was administered 60 approximately 120 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 48 days to 5 cases of sepsis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of pneumonia, 2 of sss syndrome (staphylococcal scald skin syndrome) and 3 of pyelonephritis. Clinical effects were excellent in 11 cases and good in 5 cases, effective ratio being 100%. (4) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Acinetobacter anitratus and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904, and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae reduced. (5) As to the side effect by PC-904, s-GOT and s-GPT were elevated in 2 cases. Anemia, rash and fever were observed in each 1 case out of 16 patients though the causal relation with the agent was unknown.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on new semisynthetic penicillin, PC-904, in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 65

A 44-year-old man was treated for bacterial endocarditis due to Hemophilus aphrophilus. The characteristics of the organism are reviewed, along with other cases of endocarditis. There is an association of this organism with dogs and a potential for transmission from this source to man.
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PMID:Endocarditis due to Hemophilus aphrophilus: report of a case with possible transmission from dog to man. 91 61

During the course of treatment for acute myelocytic leukemia, Haemophilus aphrophilus was isolated from eight blood cultures associated with the clinical picture of bacterial endocarditis.
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PMID:Isolation of Haemophilus aphrophilus from an adult with acute leukemia. 106 63

A case of bacterial endocarditis caused by Hemophilus aphrophilus is described, and 22 previously reported cases are reviewed. Eleven patients died and 12 survived; comparison of these two groups reveals that the patients who died were in the older population. The male/female ratio was 3.6:1. The organism was difficult to identify but had a wide range of in vitro bacteriologic sensitivities. This type of endocarditis is frequently associated with emboli and congestive heart failure; each occurred in 9 of 11 fatal cases and 3 of 12 nonfatal cases. Among the nonfatal cases, two patients had both emboli and congestive heart failure, requiring aortic valve replacement despite their precarious clinical condition. Initial drug therapy before results of antibiotic sensitivity tests are known should consist of penicillin combined with streptomycin. When emboli or congestive heart failure appears in Hemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis, early surgical intervention with valve replacement is indicated.
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PMID:Hemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis: review of 23 cases. 110 49

Infective endocarditis occurs infrequently in the general pediatric population, occurring mostly in patients with congenital heart disease. This study reviews our surgical experience with infective endocarditis based on a policy of aggressive intervention, conservative operative debridement, and creative reconstruction options using pericardium and prosthetic heart valves. From 1982 to 1989, 16 patients, 3 weeks to 16 years of age, underwent 19 intracardiac operations for infective endocarditis therapy at Kosair Children's Hospital. Eight (42%) were for resection of vegetations alone; an additional 11 operations (58%) involved more extensive debridements requiring either valve replacement or valvuloplasty using pericardium for exclusion of an abscess cavity, closure of a fistula, or for valve repair. Operative mortality was 25% (4 patients) and related to preoperative disease severity. There was one late death. Offending organisms included Staphylococcus species (31%), Haemophilus influenzae (13%), pneumococcus (5%), gram-negative organisms (13%), and Candida (13%); no organism grew on culture in 25%. We conclude that aggressive surgical exploration in patients with infective endocarditis is indicated and often requires resection of vegetations alone. More extensive procedures should preserve as much valvular tissue as possible. Pericardium is useful for reconstruction after debridement.
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PMID:Surgical management of infective endocarditis in children. 141 35

The amino acid sequence T-P-P-T-P-S-P-S is tandemly duplicated in the heavy chain of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), the major antibody in secretions. The bacterial pathogen Streptococcus sanguis, a precursor to dental caries and a cause of bacterial endocarditis, yields IgA protease that cleaves only the Pro-Thr peptide bond in the left duplication, while the type 2 IgA proteases of the genital pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae cleave only the P-T bond in the right half. We have sequenced the entire S. sanguis iga gene cloned into Escherichia coli. A segment consisting of 20 amino acids tandemly repeated 10 times, of unknown function, occurs near the amino-terminal end of the enzyme encoded in E. coli. Identification of a predicted zinc-binding region in the S. sanguis enzyme and the demonstration that mutations in this region result in production of a catalytically inactive protein support the idea that the enzyme is a metalloprotease. The N. gonorrhoeae and H. influenzae enzymes were earlier shown to be serine-type proteases, while the Bacteroides melaninogenicus IgA protease was shown to be a cysteine-type enzyme. The streptococcal IgA protease amino acid sequence has no significant homology with either of the two previously determined IgA protease sequences, that of type 2 N. gonorrhoeae and type 1 H. influenzae. The differences in both structure and mechanism among these functionally analogous enzymes underscore their role in the infectious process and offer some prospect of therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Analysis of the immunoglobulin A protease gene of Streptococcus sanguis. 198 65

We report the first case of aortic and mitral Haemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis complicated by abscess of the aortic annulus in a 30-year old man with post-rheumatic mitral regurgitation. We recall the peculiar clinical features and course of this bacterial endocarditis of uncommon origin. We insist, in particular, on the occurrence of cerebral embolism and on the two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of an aortic annulus abscess confirmed at surgery. Cure was obtained by aortic and mitral valve replacement and by the prolonged antibiotic therapy made necessary by the presence of cerebral lesions. After 3 months, there were no neurological sequelae, but doppler-echocardiography showed a persistent washed out pouch the reports of which with the surrounding structures were determined by transoesophageal echocardiography: moderate aortic regurgitation was detected at that level.
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PMID:[Aortic and mitral endocarditis caused by Haemophilus paraphrophilus with abscess of the aortic ring and cerebral embolism]. 251 79

The range of microorganisms that may cause bacterial endocarditis is extensive. Increasingly recognised is the frequency with which Haemophilus species may be associated with this condition, although they account for less than 1% of cases. Haemophilus influenze, however, is very rarely implicated. We report a fatal case of H. influenzae endocarditis in a 55-year-old man.
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PMID:Fatal Haemophilus influenzae endocarditis. 267 94


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