Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient who had a two-month history of nonspecific inflammatory disease experienced symptoms of raised intracranial pressure and meningitis. Computed tomographic scan showed multiple, small ring-enhancing hypodensities consistent with cerebral abscesses. The infective agent proved to be Hemophilus paraphrophilus, a fastidious, particularly slow-growing organism that was identified on blood cultures. An autopsy disclosed disseminated microabscesses and demonstrated typical pathologic changes of endocarditis complicating mitral valve prolapse.
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PMID:Metastatic cerebral abscesses due to Hemophilus paraphrophilus. 649 31

Cardiobacterium hominis, like other fastidious, opportunistic gram-negative bacilli, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Eikenella corrodens, is increasingly recognized as a cause of human disease. In this review the microbiologic and clinical features of C. hominis are discussed. The findings are based on observations of two infected patients (the case history of one was reported previously) and on reports in the literature of 32 others. Microbiologically, the chief distinguishing features of C. hominis are its characteristic colonial morphotype and its production of indole. Infection with C. hominis is clinically distinctive because of its chronic course (averaging 169 days among patients with endocarditis), the absence of documented infection outside of the bloodstream, and the high degree of responsiveness to treatment with penicillin.
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PMID:Cardiobacterium hominis: review of microbiologic and clinical features. 662 85

Gram negative bacilli endocarditis are unfrequent. Nevertheless we encountered 28 cases of them (8.8%) among 320 endocarditis of which 10 were primitive and 7 cases (10.9%) among 65 prosthetic endocarditis. Bacterial species were 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 Ps, stutzeri, 1 Ps. maltophilia, 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 Escherichia coli, 3 Serratia marcescans, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Brucella, 1 Hemophilus aphrophilus, 1 Fusobacterium funduliformis, 18 cases were hospital acquired infections related to cardiac surgery (4 cases), intracardiac catheterization (5 cases), intravenous catheter (4 cases). Uncontrolled infection or cardiac insufficiency underwent respectively in 14 and 18 cases. The overall mortality was 50 p. cent. The death occurred more frequently in primitive endocarditis (70%) than in secondary native endocarditis (45%) or prosthetic endocarditis (29%). It was also more frequent in Pseudomonas endocarditis (59%) than with other species (36%) and more frequent when cardiac sufficiency was present (50%). 15 patients underwent surgical procedure of which 6 died (40%). The results were better if the infection was cured before surgical procedures: 5 deaths occurred when the culture of the valves remained positive (9 cases) but none when it was negative. The 5 most recent cases of prosthetic endocarditis were cured. Since 1979, no death occurred among treated patients. we concluded that surgery is usually necessary but after an effective antibiotic therapy over a 4 or 6 week period.
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PMID:[Gram negative bacilli endocarditis ]. 675 May 26

Ceforanide is a new cephalosporin with a longer elimination half-life than any currently available cephalosporin. Its activity is very similar to that of cefamandole, a second-generation cephalosporin, except that ceforanide is less active against most gram-positive organisms. Many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Proteus, are susceptible to ceforanide, as are most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species. However, most strains of Serratia marcescens and all Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant to this compound. Peak serum concentrations in excess of 100 micrograms/ml are achieved after a 1 g intravenous dose. The elimination half-life of ceforanide is about 3 hrs in patients with normal renal function; this allows twice daily dosing for the majority of patients. As renal excretion amounts for 85-90% of drug elimination, the serum half-life increases to approximately 20 hours in anuric patients. Tissue penetration studies demonstrate inhibitory concentrations in cardiac tissue, bone, and joint fluid. Minor adverse effects have been reported after large doses of ceforanide. Clinical trials indicate that ceforanide is effective in the treatment of skin and soft tissue, pulmonary and urinary tract infections, bone and joint infections, and endocarditis. Ceforanide also has been shown to be as effective as cephalothin or cephaloridine when given prophylactically for vaginal hysterectomy.
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PMID:Ceforanide: antibacterial activity, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy. 676 29

Two cases of Hemophilus endocarditis were diagnosed in our hospital during a six-month period. Although both patients were in good health until the onset of their endocarditis, both had brain emboli and required emergency heart-valve surgery. Falsely low incidences of this disease have been reported, since Hemophilus sp are difficult to isolate. Additionally, these organisms are consistently associated with large vegetations and have a greater than 50% incidence of embolization. It is this higher incidence of embolization that leads us to conclude that prophylactic surgery should be considered in selected patients.
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PMID:Hemophilus endocarditis. Two patients with complications. 684 8

The present study is an attempt to define the uncommon bacteria (UB) causing endocarditis and to evaluate their prevalence and clinical significance. Review of 13 series (including ours) revealed that UB were the infecting organisms in 105/1989 patients (5.3%). The leading bacteria were: Pneumococcus, Haemophilus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Neisseria sp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Cardiobacterium hominis and Erysipelothrix sp. These data are similar to those obtained from 111 sporadic case reports published in English during the last 6 yr and cited in the Index Medicus. Infection by UB usually resembles that by the common bacteria. However, Haemophilus sp. seems to affect mainly the young and is associated with major arterial occlusions, and Brucella is claimed to have a greater affinity to the aortic valve. UB are more frequent in patients with polymicrobial infections and their diagnosis is often delayed. Greater awareness to the possibility of infections with UB is needed for early diagnosis and improved prognosis.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis caused by uncommon bacteria. 687 16

Complications of infective endocarditis may be considered as those that involve the heart and adjacent structures or those that are extracardiac. Congestive heart failure is the most common serious complication of infective endocarditis and is the leading cause of death among patients with this infection. In patients with severe heart failure unresponsive to medical therapy after 24 to 48 hours, prompt cardiac valve replacement should be considered, irrespective of the duration of preoperative antimicrobial therapy. We believe that all patients with bacterial infective endocarditis who are stable hemodynamically and who have not had multiple large emboli should receive at least one course of antimicrobial therapy in an attempt to sterilize the infected valve before cardiac valve replacement is considered. Most patients with multiple major embolic events should undergo cardiac valve replacement or debridement of the infected valve. The technical limitations and the experience with two-dimensional echocardiography in patients with infective endocarditis who have valve vegetations demonstrated by echocardiography are not yet sufficient to justify cardiac valve replacement solely on the basis of echocardiographic findings. The highest frequency of major embolic events occurs in association with infections that produce large mobile valve vegetations, such as those caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae and other slow-growing fastidious gram-negative bacilli, fungi (especially Aspergillus), and nutritionally variant viridans streptococci.
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PMID:Management of complications of infective endocarditis. 689 23

A 79-year-old female developed endocarditis and meningitis due to an ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae. Carbenicillin and gentamicin therapy resulted in bacteriological and clinical cure. The mechanism of resistance of ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae is unknown.
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PMID:Isolation of an ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae. 696 43

Ampicillin resistance among strains of Hemophilus is usually due to production of beta-lactamase. This paper reports the isolation of a strain of H. parainfluenzae resistant to ampicillin with no detectable beta-lactamase or amidase activity. The organism, isolated from the blood of a patient who had aortic valve endocarditis, gave a zone diameter consistent with ampicillin sensitivity when tested by disc diffusion in Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 1% IsoVitaleX and 1% hemoglobin. Broth dilution testing in Levinthal medium, however, revealed the following minimal inhibitory cencentrations: ampicillin, 32 micrograms/ml; penicillin, 256 micrograms/ml; methicillin, 128 micrograms/ml; carbenicillin, 128 micrograms/ml; and cephalothin and chloramphenicol, 1.0 micrograms/ml. The results of acidimetric, iodometric, and chromogenic cephalosporin methods for detection of beta-lactamase were negative. Beta-lactamase activity could not be demonstrated in cell sonicates or induced by growth of the cells in antibiotic-containing medium. In addition, no extracellular degradation of either ampicillin or penicillin could be demonstrated.
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PMID:Ampicillin resistance in Hemophilus parainfluenzae. 696 94

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is an increasingly reported cause of infective endocarditis. In vitro studies have shown this organism to bae almost universally sensitive to chloramphenicol. However, therapy for H parainfluenzae endocarditis with chloramphenicol as a single agent has been disappointing. This has been attributed to the bacteriostatic activity of chloramphenicol, whereas bactericidal agents are essential for cure of infective endocarditis. We successfully treated a patient with H parainfluenzae endocarditis with chloramphenicol alone after in vitro testing showed chloramphenicol to be bactericidal against the organism. When it is documented that chloramphenicol has bactericidal activity against the causative organism, it alone can be effective therapy for H parainfluenzae endocarditis.
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PMID:Cure of Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis with chloramphenicol. 697 28


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