Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A report is presented on the findings in what is to our knowledge the first described case of glomerulonephritis resulting from Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis. After an insidious onset, serious renal failure developed which subsided with antibiotic therapy. Cardiac damage was minimal and the patient recovered his usual state of health, an outcome which has not been so satisfactory in other reported cases of endocarditis due to Haemophilus aphrophilus. The case is discussed with reference to the clinical course of the disease and the microbiologic properties of Haemophilus aphrophilus.
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PMID:[A case of glomerulonephritis and subacute endocarditis associated to Hemophilus aphrophilus septiciemia]. 24 46

Rarely is endocarditis attributed to the species of Hemophilus. Most frequently implicated are H aphrophilus and H parainfluenzae, but H influenzae also is seen. We report six cases of endocarditis due to H aphrophilus or H parainfluenzae and review the literature. Emboli to skin, lungs, kidneys, spleen, brain, and other organs are common complications, and acute glomerulonephritis and meningitis often occur. Ampicillin is the mainstay of antimicrobial therapy for patients whose isolates are sensitive to it, but the duration of antimicrobial therapy necessary for eradication of the infection is not clear. Studies of antimicrobial synergism are warranted in instances of endocarditis caused by ampicilin- or penicillin-resistant strains of Hemophilus, or when patients are allergic to penicillin; in these instances, combination antimicrobial therapy must be given when bactericidal synergism can be demonstrated. Intensive management of complications caused by embolization is crucial to patient survival.
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PMID:Hemophilus endocarditis: new cases, literature review and recommendations for management. 30 87

Haemophilus influenzae is an aerobic pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus that requires both X and V factors for growth. It grows poorly, if at all, on ordinary blood agar unless streaked with Staph. aureus. It grows well on chocolate agar. Because this medium is often not used in culturing specimens from adults and because the organism may be overgrown by other bacteria, the frequency of H. influenzae infections has undoubtedly been seriously underestimated. This is aggravated by the failure of many physicians to obtain blood cultures in suspected bacterial infections and the failure of many laboratories to subculture them routinely onto chocolate agar. H. influenzae, along with Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major factor in acute sinusitis. It is probably the most frequent etiologic agent of acute epiglottitis. It is probably a common, but commonly unrecognized, cause of bacterial pneumonia, where it has a distinctive appearance on Gram stain. It is unusual in adult meningitis, but should particularly be considered in alcoholics; in those with recent or remote head trauma, especially with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea; in patients with splenectomies and those with primary or secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. It may rarely cause a wide variety of other infections in adults, including purulent pericarditis, endocarditis, septic arthritis, obstetrical and gynecologic infections, urinary and biliary tract infections, and cellulitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is somewhat capricious in part from the marked effect of inoculum size in some circumstances. In vitro and in vivo results support the use of ampicillin, unless the organism produces beta-lactamase. Alternatives in minor infections include tetracycline, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. For serious infections chloramphenicol is the best choice if the organism is ampicillin-resistant or the patient is penicillin-allergic.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae infections in adults: report of nine cases and a review of the literature. 31 Sep 43

Two cases of bacterial endocarditis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae are reported with a review of 33 other cases of H. parainfluenzae endocarditis and 5 cases of H. influenzae endocarditis. Although H. parainfluenzae is usually considered a non-pathogenic microorganism, this review firmly establishes its role as a causative agent in endocarditis. Furthermore, several clinical features were noted which were atypical when compared to findings usually present in patients with bacterial endocarditis. The mean age of the patients was only 27 years. Over 60% of the patients had no identifiable predisposing illness, an unexpected finding in view of the low degree of pathogenicity associated with this microorganism. Polymicrobial bacteremia, usually with viridans streptococci, was found in 11% of patients. Major arterial emboli were documented in 57% of patients, an incidence unchanged from the pre-antibiotic era. Diagnosis of the disease is dependent upon an awareness of the fastidious cultural requirements necessary for isolation of Haemophilus species. Culture media must contain a source of X and V factors. Mortality from H. parainfluenzae endocarditis has been reduced from 100 per cent prior to 1940 to about 12 per cent by use of appropriate antimicrobial agents. Awareness that Haemophilus species can cause bacterial endocarditis is important because the diagnosis is dependent upon utilization of special culture methods and the patient may not respond to some of the empiric regimens used for treating bacterial endocarditis. It should be especially considered as a possible cause of "culture-negative" or "abacteremic" endocarditis.
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PMID:Haemophilus parainfluenzae and influenzae endocarditis: a review of forty cases. 32 16

In a review of endocarditis caused by fastidious, slow-growing gram-negative rods, similarities in the spectrum of disease overshadow differences among cases grouped by specific organisms. Cardiobacterium hominis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus species usually seed previously damaged cardiac valves presumably during bacteremia from an upper respiratory site. The clinical presentation resembles that of Streptococcus viridans endocarditis and is usually subacute or chronic. Despite bacteriologic cure, severe CHF and/or systemic embolization frequently develops during or following the course of antibiotics, resulting in significant morbidity and a high mortality rate. This report of nine cases diagnosed at five hospitals in a 7-year period suggests that endocarditis due to these organisms is more common than previously appreciated and frequently goes unrecognized. This is probably due to a lack of attention to the requirements for culture of this group of bacteria with propensity for granular growth in broth. We have proposed specific cultural techniques appropriate to the search for these organisms in patients with apparent culture-negative endocarditis.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis caused by slow-growing, fastidious, Gram-negative bacteria. 43

The occurrence of Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis on a previously normal mitral valve of a drug addict is described. A large mitral valve vegetation was demonstrated by serial echocardiography and cineangiography. The vegetation did not produce hemodynamic abnormalities preventing detection by physical examination. Multiple septic emboli to various organs, including brain, resulted in death. The role of serial echocardiography and the levophase of right heart cineangiography in detecting mitral valve vegetation in a patient suspected of having infective endocarditis is emphasized.
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PMID:Haemophilus parainfluenzae mitral valve vegetation without hemodynamic abnormality. Demonstration by angiography and serial echocardiography. 43 59

We describe a case of Hemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis in a previously healthy 26-year-old man, and review 21 cases from the literature. Although H parainfluenzae is considered to be part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract in man, it can cause serious disease. H parainfluenzae endocarditis is often difficult to diagnose. The patients generally had a history of recent infection of the upper respiratory tract, but a majority denied previous heart disease. Upon entry to the hospital, after an average of seven weeks of febrile illness, nearly one third of patients were found not to have a heart murmur. Furthermore, the organism was often difficult to grow from blood cultures, a problem possibly related to the need for accessory growth factors. The mortality with modern therapy was 12%, and the major complication was cerebral embolus. Antibiotic therapy of choice is ampicillin, generally used together with an aminoglycoside, though ampicillin alone may be sufficient.
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PMID:Hemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis. 44 62

Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis is characterized by great variation in the acuteness of presentation, difficulty in isolation of the pathogen, a 50% to 60% incidence of major arterial emboli, and variability of response to therapy. Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) due to H parainfluenzae biotype II occurred in a 14-year-old girl with congenital heart disease and a Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis. Management was complicated by a prolonged culture-negative period (eight days), intermittent bacteremia (only five of 15 positive blood cultures), an embolus to the right femoral artery, progressive congestive heart failure, and urgent prosthestic valve replacement. Cure was achieved with 44 days of ampicillin sodium-gentamicin sulfate therapy monitored by serum bactericidal titers.
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PMID:Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Haemophilus parainfluenzae biotype II. 44 17

Seven cases of adult Haemophilus parainfluenzae infections diagnosed by positive blood cultures are compared with cases previously reported in the English literature. Three patients had pneumonia, while the others had epiglottitis with meningitis, pharyngitis, arthritis, and endocarditis, respectively. Nonendocarditic manifestations of adult H parainfluenzae infection were reported in four other cases. In addition to the diseases of our patients, H parainfluenzae also has been isolated from cerebral abscesses. Patients did well with antibiotic therapy and there were no deaths. Patients did well with antibiotic therapy and there were no deaths. Report of antibiotic sensitivity testing of 50 strains disclosed 6% of isolates resistant to ampicillin sodium, with all sensitive to chloramphenicol. If the antibiotic sensitivity of the organism is unknown, then chloramphenicol therapy should be instituted until adequate susceptibility studies have been performed. If the organism is sensitive to ampicillin, then this is the drug of choice.
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PMID:Adult bacteremic Haemophilus parainfluenzae infections. Seven reports of cases and a review of the literature. 47 36

A case of Haemophilus parainfluenzae bacterial endocarditis is described. This is the first reported case of endocarditis caused by ampicillin resistant H parainfluenzae. Resistance was not mediated by a beta lactamase. Ampicillin therapy had not controlled the infection, but a four-week course of chloramphenicol was curative. Several general therapeutic points are discussed.
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PMID:Ampicillin resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis. 51 70


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