Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The human B-lymphocyte response to protein-conjugated polysaccharide antigens has not previously been studied at the cellular level. In order to do so, we developed and evaluated haemolytic plaque-forming cell assays detecting Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide-specific antibody-secreting cells (AbSC) of the isotypes IgM, IgG, and IgA. The appearance of AbSC in the blood after vaccination of adults with diphtheria toxoid-conjugated Hib polysaccharide was investigated. AbSC were detected from post-vaccination day 5 to day 14. IgA was the predominant isotype among these cells. IgM AbSC peaked slightly earlier (median day 7) than IgG and IgA AbSC (both day 8). On post-vaccination day 8 the numbers of AbSC were: IgA, 1217/10(6) mononuclear cells (median); IgG, 211; and IgM, 30 (n = 11). Similar isotype distribution has earlier been found after vaccination with pure capsular polysaccharides from Hib and pneumococci. The predominance of IgA AbSC in response to both conjugate and pure polysaccharide vaccines is probably due to reactivation of the same clones of IgA-committed memory B cells originally primed at the mucosa by natural exposure to the polysaccharide or cross-reacting antigens.
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PMID:Quantitation of antibody-secreting cells in the blood after vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. 218 34

The aim of this study is to determine the method of maintenance care for support the functional condition during long period. The present paper reports on the result of osseointegrated titanium fixture in four complete denture patients. The marginal soft tissue reactions were investigated at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th and 18th month after prothetic restrations by clinical examination and microbiological observations. All abutments were surrounded by clinically in healthy gingiva, however most individuals with the implant fixture had used as a complete denture for many years, without oral hygiene. For a favorable prognosis of the implant-recipients, self plaque control should be acquired for the patients shortly after prothetic restration. Before the healing phase, it is necessary to recall frequently for maintenance marginal soft tissue and prothetic restoration. After healing and remodeling phase, the interval of maintenance care was decided on each 3rd months. The interval seemed practically reasonable because the 18th month later the prognosis was satisfactory. This report presents two cases of complications during the maintenance phase of osseointegrated implants. Case I: A 72-year-old female patient presented gingival hyperplasia formation around the abutment after 19th months on abutment setting. We performed excision of the hyperplastic gingiva and apically positioned flap. Probing depth (PD) could not be determined because of gingival hyperplasia formation before operation, but there was marking reduction of probing depth after operation. The gingival bleeding index (GBI) was improved and the amount of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was reduced after operation. In pre-operative anaerobic culture, the proportions of Capnocytophaga species and Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans were found. Post-operatively, Capnocytophaga sp. was not found, but H. actinomycetemcomitans was unchanged. Case II: A 47-year-old male patient presented gingivitis around the abutment after 13th months on abutment setting. We performed cleaning of the abutment surface with the flap procedure. Furthermore, a joint screw between the fixture and abutment was adapted due to loosening after operation, PD was unchanged, GBI was improved and GCF was slightly reduced. In pre-operative anaerobic culture, Bacteroides intermedius was rich. Post-operatively, B. intermedius was not found. In conclusion, we advocate that maintenance care of osseointegrated implants is the most important factor in the procedure.
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PMID:[Osseointegrated implants in clinical dentistry. Follow up maintenance phase]. 248 93

Saliva is the main source of urea in the human mouth and may be responsible for the predilection of ureolytic bacteria for certain tooth sites. As a test of this hypothesis, the ureolytic bacteria, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus and coagulase-negative oral staphylococci, were enumerated in supragingival plaque from various sites in each of 10 subjects. The sites sampled included the maxillary and mandibular incisors (chosen because the lower incisors are more exposed to the submandibular-sublingual secretion than the upper) and the maxillary and mandibular molars (the upper molars being closer to the source of parotid saliva). After dispersion of the plaque samples in saline, subsamples of each suspension were plated on appropriate selective media and other subsamples were taken for nitrogen analysis to measure the amount of plaque sampled. H. parainfluenzae that used urea was present in the largest numbers, A. viscosus was next and A. naeslundii and coagulase-negative staphylococci were least. The staphylococci and H. parainfluenzae were more numerous from mandibular than from maxillary incisors and from maxillary than mandibular molars, a pattern which suggests that salivary access favours their selection. The numbers of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii were not related to salivary access: A. viscosus was most numerous from the maxillary incisors, possibly because this site is normally the most acidic of the four studied and A. viscosus is strongly acidogenic and aciduric; the incidence of A. naeslundii had no relationship with site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Incidence of selected ureolytic bacteria in human dental plaque from sites with differing salivary access. 261 Jun 14

While Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with rapidly progressive periodontal destruction in man, the closely related Haemophilus aphrophilus has not been related to periodontal disease. This may be due to differences in composition and structure of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of these dental-plaque bacteria, since LPS probably exerts a series of detrimental effects on the periodontium. LPS was prepared by the phenol-water procedure from the type strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus, purified by hexane extraction and ultracentrifugation, and analyzed with gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. While the lipid content of LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans constituted 35.4%, it was only 18.4% in H. aphrophilus: 3-hydroxytetradecanoic and tetradecanoic acids were 21.1 and 14.3% in A. actinomycetemcomitans and 10.9 and 7.5% in H. aphrophilus. There were qualitative and quantitative differences in the polysaccharide portions of their LPS. A actinomycetemcomitans contained both D-glycero-D-mannoheptose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose (7.8 and 11.3%); H. aphrophilus contained only L-glycero-D-mannoheptose (17.4%). The rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, and glucosamine/galactosamine contents in A. actinomycetemcomitans were 2.6, 5.2, 10.1, 22.4, and 5.2%, respectively; in H. aphrophilus, they were 2.1, 2.6, 19.4, 36.4, and 3.7%. Chemical differences in LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus may contribute to the divergence in periodontopathogenic potential of these organisms and help taxonomic differentiation.
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PMID:Chemical differences in lipopolysaccharides from Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus: clues to differences in periodontopathogenic potential and taxonomic distinction. 277 74

Cell-to-cell interactions are essential for the formation of dental plaque. A continuous layer of Streptococcus sanguis SA-1 cells fixed to a solid surface has been used to evaluate interactions among this bacterium, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Streptococcus sobrinus. S. sanguis cells were attached to a Falcon 3001 tissue culture plates or bovine enamel chips, coated with a biological adhesive. Scanning electron microscopy of the chips showed the streptococci as a contiguous surface. Radiolabeled bacteria were used to measure a second-species interbacterial adherence to the streptococcal-coated culture plates. Strains of H. parainfluenzae known to coaggregate (strain HP-28) and not to coaggregate (strains HP-42 and HP-80), in suspension with S. sanguis strain SA-1, were studied for adherence. Ten-fold-higher numbers of coaggregating strain HP-28 adhered in vitro to the streptococcal layer than did the non-coaggregating strains. S. sobrinus strain 6715 did not show appreciable adherence to the S. sanguis surface. Saliva did not affect the adherence of coaggregating or non-coaggregating H. parainfluenzae strains to S. sanguis strain SA-1. Bovine enamel chips, coated with streptococci, mounted on modified orthodontic appliances and placed in the mouths of three volunteers, facilitated the measurement of interbacterial adherence in vivo of streptomycin-resistant strains of H. parainfluenzae (HP-28R or HP-42R). Suspensions of bacteria were placed into the mouth, distributed throughout, and expectorated. After 15 or 120 minutes, the appliance with the chips was removed, the chips sonified, and colony-forming units (CFU) of streptomycin-resistant haemophili determined per chip.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Utilization of a continuous streptococcal surface to measure interbacterial adherence in vitro and in vivo. 319 42

The subgingival microflora and serum antibody response was examined in periodontitis patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The predominant cultivable microflora was determined for subgingival plaque sampled from two deep periodontal pockets in each of eight adult periodontitis patients with NIDDM. Indirect immunofluorescence for Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans was used to examine these same samples as well as 186 additional subgingival plaque samples from 47 patients with moderate to severe generalized periodontitis including 25 subjects with NIDDM, six subjects with IGT, and 16 subjects with NGT. Serum antibody levels to 13 microorganisms including seven oral bacterial species and one nonoral control species were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 377 subjects including 84 normal subjects without periodontal disease, 112 normal subjects with periodontitis, 19 periodontally normal subjects with IGT, 65 periodontitis patients with IGT, 15 periodontally normal subjects with NIDDM, and 82 periodontitis patients with NIDDM. Three hundred eighty-two bacterial isolates were recovered from the eight patients. B. intermedius was the most frequently isolated microorganism constituting 16% of the total isolates followed by Wolinella recta and B. gingivalis, which each accounted for 13% of the total. Streptococcus sanguis was the most prevalent microorganism, which was found in 75% of the sites. Subgingival plaque samples examined by immunofluorescence demonstrate a high prevalence of black-pigmented Bacteroides and suggest that the proportion of B. gingivalis but not B. intermedius is higher in NIDDM with periodontitis than in other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Microbiological and immunological studies of adult periodontitis in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 327 68

Invasion of periodontal tissues by different bacterial morphotypes has been reported in human periodontitis; however, limited information is available as to prevalence, localization and the bacterial species involved. The present study determined prevalence and gingival localization of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal lesions of juvenile periodontitis patients. Thirty-five gingival biopsies were obtained from 12 juvenile periodontitis patients at the time of periodontal therapy. One additional control biopsy was obtained from each of two adult periodontally healthy subjects, one adult periodontitis patient and one periodontally healthy monkey (Macaca fosibolius). The biopsies were carefully processed to avoid mechanical introduction of bacteria into the tissues and were examined using light and electron microscopy. Rabbit antisera specific for the three A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes were used for immunofluorescence microscopic localization of A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in the gingival sections. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed A. actinomycetemcomitans specific antigens in the gingival tissues of 11 of the 12 juvenile patients examined. None of the control specimens showed evidence of A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in the gingival connective tissue. One specimen from a periodontally healthy subject and the monkey biopsy, however, showed A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in bacterial plaque on the surface of the crevicular epithelium. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed microcolonies of small gram-negative rods in the connective tissue, as well as single bacterial cells between collagen fibers and in areas of cell debris. In addition to these extracellular bacterial cells, evidence of bacterial cells was also found within gingival connective tissue phagocytic cells. The data from the present study suggest that the gingival tissue in juvenile periodontitis lesions harbors A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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PMID:Tissue localization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontitis. I. Light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies. 330 56

The goal of this study was to relate attachment loss patterns in early onset periodontitis subjects (juvenile periodontitis n = 47 and severe (generalized) periodontitis n = 52) with antibody reactivities to 25 bacterial strains which were suspected periodontal pathogens. The 25 antibody reactivities were screened by correlation analysis. Eleven strains were found to be significantly related to attachment loss. Using these 11 reactivities, stepwise multiple linear regression with plaque and age as covariates was used to further relate the reactivities within each subject group. Plaque was significantly related to the number of teeth with slight, moderate, or severe attachment loss. A significant inverse relationship was found between antibody reactivity with Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and the number of teeth having slight or moderate attachment loss. Similarly a significant inverse relationship between antibody reactivity with Bacteroides gingivalis and the number of teeth having moderate or severe attachment loss was found. The inverse relationship between the two antibody reactivities and attachment loss patterns were independent of the positive relationship of plaque. These relationships suggest that the failure to mount a substantial antibody response to these organisms leads to greater and more widespread periodontal disease in early onset periodontitis subjects.
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PMID:Relationship of serum antibody to attachment level patterns in young adults with juvenile periodontitis or generalized severe periodontitis. 347 25

The immunologic responses to a smooth-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HpS-LPS), a rough-type LPS (HpR-LPS), and a capsular-enriched polysaccharide preparation (HpC-PS) purified from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were determined in pigs immunized with a commercial H. pleuropneumoniae cellular vaccine, in pigs experimentally infected with H. pleuropneumoniae, in control pigs, and in immunized rabbits. The ability of the preparations to induce lymphocyte blastogenesis and B-cell activation was determined in the pigs and compared with the responses induced by the LPS of Escherichia coli O111:B4 and the LPS of Salmonella minnesota Re595. All the LPS preparations acted to induce proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from all pigs. The blastogenic response of PBL from H. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs to HpS-LPS and HpR-LPS was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that of PBL from immunized and control pigs. HpC-PS did not induce a blastogenic response in the PBL of control pigs but did in PBL from H. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs and to a greater degree in immunized pigs. An increase in the response of PBL to the S. minnesota LPS occurred only in the H. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs. Significantly more (P less than 0.05) immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) were induced in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay by stimulation with HpS-LPS and HpC-PS of PBL isolated from pigs infected with H. pleuropneumoniae than of PBL from immunized pigs. Increasing the number of T cells increased the number of ISC induced by HpS-LPS in control and immunized pigs, but not in convalescent pigs. The presence of macrophages reduced activation of ISC by HpS-LPS in control pigs and to a lesser degree in immunized pigs, whereas in H. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs macrophages enhanced the induction of ISC by HpS-LPS. In immunized pigs, macrophages acted to inhibit the ability of HpC-PS to induce ISC. Serologic studies indicate that HpC-PS contains strain- and serotype-specific antigens; that HpS-LPS has both serotype-specific and cross-reacting species-specific antigens; and that HpR-LPS does not contain detectable serotype-specific antigens but does have both non species- and species-specific antigens. These studies show that the serotype-specific protection provided by immunization of pigs with an H. pleuropneumoniae cellular vaccine is principally the result of immunity to capsular antigens and that a weak cellular immune response occurs as compared with that induced by infection with H. pleuropneumoniae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Immune responses to the lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in convalescent and immunized pigs. 349 Apr 42

We developed a medium for the selective recovery of Haemophilus aphrophilus. The medium, designated TSBVF, was composed of 4% tryptic soy agar, 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, 75 micrograms of bacitracin per ml, 5 micrograms of vancomycin per ml, and 50 micrograms of sodium fluoride per ml. TSBVF yielded a threefold higher recovery of oral H. aphrophilus than did chocolate agar with 75 micrograms of bacitracin per ml, which is a medium routinely used to diagnose human Haemophilus infections. H. aphrophilus and the few contaminating organisms on TSBVF were readily distinguished on the basis of colony morphology. The H. aphrophilus isolates exhibited variable fermentation of raffinose and dextrin but otherwise were biochemically similar. In a clinical study, H. aphrophilus was frequently recovered from supragingival plaque and saliva and occasionally from buccal mucosa and the tonsils. It was also isolated from 29 of 56 subgingival sites in 11 of 14 subjects. Its proportion of the subgingival microflora averaged 0.13% for healthy periodontal sites, 0.05% for adult periodontitis lesions, and 0.03% for localized juvenile periodontitis lesions. We concluded that H. aphrophilus is an indigenous bacterium of the human oral cavity. It occurs in low proportions in subgingival plaque and plays no apparent role in advanced periodontal disease in humans.
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PMID:Selective medium for the isolation of Haemophilus aphrophilus from the human periodontium and other oral sites and the low proportion of the organism in the oral flora. 370 Jun 28


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