Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two adults were admitted to the University Hospital of Geneva with acute Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis. The disease was characterized by rapid progression of sore throat, upper dysphagia, fever and dyspnea. Acute upper airway obstruction required emergency tracheotomy in both cases. The patients recovered under ampicillin therapy. All the 100 cases from the literature for which clinical data were available have been analyzed:--Epiglottitis in adult is not exceptional.--Haemophilus influenzae type b is the most common infective organism documented, and was found in all positive blood cultures but one.--The typical presentation is severe sore throat, with upper dysphagia, fever and dyspnea.--Clinical course is rapid and serious, and acute respiratory distress develops in 57% of cases; overall mortality is 27%.--Emergency routine tracheotomy appears to be the most reliable treatment.
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PMID:[Acute epiglottitides in the adult]. 30 60

Nine cases of acute epiglottitis in adults, seen over a period of ten years, are presented. The presence of severe pain and dysphagia as universal presenting features are stressed, and the frequent absence of pharyngeal injection is noted. We found that the disease in adults differs from that in children in that pain and dysphagia are more marked, that stridor is a less prominent feature, and that Haemophilus influenzae appears not to be the sole causative organism.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis in adults. 85 52

Report on two deaths from a natural internal cause in children beyond the first year of life. The children (a two-year and a three-year old boy), who seemed completely healthy, sudden suffered from acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract with dyspnea, inspiratory stridor, fever, dysphagia, and flow of saliva. The disease took a fulminant course and the children died within a few hours showing symptoms of intense dyspnea and cyanosis. The above symptoms and progress were typical of acute epiglottitis. Autopsy revealed an intense inflammation and tumescence of the epiglottis in both cases. The diagnosis of epiglottitis was confirmed histologically and bacteriologically (Haemophilus influenzae).
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PMID:[Unexpected fatalities in childhood caused by acute epiglottitis]. 148 25

A 21-year-old man presented to our emergency department with a two-day complaint of painful swelling and protrusion of the tongue, odynophagia, dysphagia, and difficulty with speech. A nonfluctuant area of tongue swelling was identified; needle aspiration of this site produced 5 mL of pus, with considerable amelioration of symptoms. Culture of the aspirate subsequently grew Hemophilus parainfluenzae, the first such reported case of this pathogen in a glossal abscess. Glossal abscess is a rare clinical entity that may result in airway compromise and disseminated infection to other systems. The presence of a glossal abscess should be considered in all cases of tongue swelling.
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PMID:Glossal abscess. 273 88

In the preantibiotic era, Ludwig's angina frequently caused asphyxiation and death. Recognized less often today, this rapidly progressive submaxillary cellulitis may still be fatal. A case associated with Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia in an adult is presented. Twelve additional cases of cellulitis of the neck in adults with H influenzae bacteremia are summarized. One hundred forty-one cases of Ludwig's angina reported since 1945 are reviewed and compared with 315 earlier cases. In the cases reported in the antibiotic era, the mean age of the patients was 29 years. Most patients were previously healthy but had evidence of dental disease. Submandibular swelling, elevation of the tongue, fever, dysphagia, and trismus were each present in more than one half of patients. Streptococci and anaerobes were most frequently isolated from soft-tissue cultures. Untreated, this illness is fatal in one half of patients. Early recognition is therefore essential. Appropriate therapy includes maintenance of the airway, antibiotics, and surgical drainage when indicated.
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PMID:Ludwig's angina. Report of a case and review of the literature. 327 67

Acute epiglottitis is seldom encountered in adults, but the condition is probably more frequent than reported in the literature. Nineteen cases of adult epiglottitis were analysed retrospectively. In 53% of the patients, the symptoms were present for less than 24 h prior to hospitalization. Sore throat and dysphagia were invariably present. Three patients presented with stridor and 2 with complete airway obstruction. Throat cultures from 5 patients grew beta-haemolytic streptococci and from 2 Haemophilus influenzae type B was grown. Two tracheotomies and 1 nasotracheal intubation were performed. One death occurred. It is emphasized that any adult with an acute sore throat and dysphagia should undergo indirect laryngoscopy and that blood cultures should always be part of the routine bacteriological investigation. Cooperation and understanding among otolaryngologists and anaesthesiologists is of paramount importance in the management of acute adult epiglottitis, as nasotracheal intubation and cricothyroidotomy appear to be the methods of choice in securing an airway. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol are recommended in the medical treatment.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis in adults: bacteriology and therapeutic principles. 332 11

Cellulitis due to Hemophilus influenzae type B is a rare but treatable event in adults. Herein is described a 67-year-old woman with anterior neck cellulitis caused by H. influenzae type B, documented by positive blood culture results. Six additional cases reported in the literature are reviewed. The following clinical syndrome emerges: the patient is usually older than 50 years of age, and pharyngitis develops first, followed by the onset of high fever and rapidly progressive anterior neck swelling, tenderness, and erythema associated with dysphagia. Because the causative organism may be resistant to ampicillin, the early use of chloramphenicol is recommended along with a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin or cephalosporin (to cover other potential pathogens), or an appropriate third-generation cephalosporin that would also adequately cover all possible pathogens.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae type B cellulitis in adults. 376 1

Acute epiglottitis is rare in adolescents. Respiratory compromise may not occur early. Physicians should consider this diagnosis in their adolescent patients who complain of pain and dysphagia, with or without visible pharyngitis. Airway maintenance is paramount. The antibiotic used should include coverage for Hemophilus influenzae, type B. The case presented here illustrates these points.
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PMID:Epiglottitis in the adolescent. 673 37

Fifteen adults with acute epiglottitis are discussed. Three required tracheostomy because of delayed diagnosis. There were no deaths. Epiglottitis occurs more often in adults than is generally recognized. The early symptoms of epiglottitis in adults are sore throat and dysphagia. Any patient with acute, painful dysphagia should have indirect laryngoscopy to rule out epiglottitis. Throat and blood cultures were obtained from 14 of our cases. Cultures from only two patients were positive for Hemophilus influenzae, type B; cultures from the other 12 patients did not grow any bacterial pathogens. The primary treatment of adult epiglottitis is intravenous steroids, antibiotics, and humidified oxygen. Observation by the managing physician is mandatory during the first four hours of treatment. Tracheostomy is indicated in progressive disease.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis in adults: experience with fifteen cases. 696 38

Over a three-day period, pharyngitis, neck swelling, deep voice, dysphagia, fever, and cellulitis of the anterior neck and upper chest developed in a 63-year-old woman. Sixteen hours following the institution of intravenous ampicillin, septic shock developed and the patient became comatose. Ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae type B was found in a culture taken from her blood and pharynx. In patients who have an upper respiratory tract infection and severe cellulitis of the neck, initial therapy should include chloramphenicol because of the possibility of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae infection.
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PMID:Ampicillin-resistant H influenzae cellulitis and shock in an adult. 697 Sep 15


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