Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study of 107 neonates with meningitis showed that in 45% of cases the condition occurred during the first 48 hours after birth, probably following a materno-foetal infection. Male neonates accounted for 70% of the cases. In 15% of cases, the mothers previously had a known infectious disease and 55% of cases came from an unfavourable socio-economic environment. Over 50% of the infants had to be resuscitated at birth. The majority of organisms isolated were Gram-negative bacteria or Enterobacteriaceae; the commonest organism was Haemophilus influenzae. The most effective specific treatment (91% favourable results) was intravenous amoxycillin plus intramuscular gentamicin. It is recommended that the newborn infant of parents living in unfavourable socio-economic circumstances should receive careful follow-up during the first week after birth so that the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis can be made at the start of infection. The neonate should receive effective prophylactic antibiotic cover if resuscitated, if the mother has suffered from an infectious disease during pregnancy or if premature rupture of the membranes has occurred.
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PMID:[Suppurative meningitis in the newborn infant: experience with 107 cases in the Ivory Coast]. 283 48

Clinical, microbiological and pharmacokinetic results are presented from studies in 186 patients treated with the new quinolone antimicrobial agents enoxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin. Almost all had been admitted to hospital for acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, associated mainly with Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Branhamella catarrhalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis strains were generally very sensitive to the quinolones and sputum concentrations of 1.3 to 4.5 mg/l exceeded the MICs (geometric mean values 0.07 to 0.44 mg/l) by a factor of more than 10. In contrast, P. aeruginosa was slightly less sensitive (geometric mean MICs 0.4 to 4.4 mg/l) and S. pneumoniae much less so (with geometric mean MICs between 0.84 and 6.7 mg/l) and a number of treatment failures were noted with these organisms. Various unwanted drug effects (mostly upper gastro-intestinal) were seen, particularly with enoxacin. The best clinical results were observed with ofloxacin, even with once daily dosage, but the results with the other quinolones could only be described as moderate.
Infection 1986
PMID:[New oral quinolone compounds in chronic bronchitis]. 293 39

Chronic bronchitis is responsible for 20,000 deaths per annum in France, i.e. 5 per cent of the overall mortality rate. Infection of the bronchi and lung tissue is a frequent cause of death in these patients. Acute on chronic bronchitis ranks fifth among the causes of disablement and admission to hospital. Pneumococci and Haemophilus influenza are the organisms most frequently isolated. the incidence and potential severity of acute episodes of infection account for the repeated use of antibiotics which carries a risk of promotion bacterial resistance. RU 41740 is a non-specific immunomodulator agent which reinforces the non-specific means of the respiratory tract against infections. Three double-blind, drug versus placebo and therefore reliable therapeutic trials have shown that the drug is effective in preventing airway infection. In patients with moderately advanced chronic bronchitis, RU 41740 reduces the number and duration of acute infectious episodes as well as antibiotic consumption. This positive effect persists in patients with chronic respiratory failure, including those who present with extensive bronchial dystrophy. RU 41740 is particularly effective in patients with numerous previous episodes of infection, but it also acts at all stages of chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:[Chronic bronchitis. Value of RU 41740]. 297 Nov 83

The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was comparable to norfloxacin and enoxacin, and far exceeded the activity of pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid. The activity of ofloxacin was two to eight times less than that of ciprofloxacin. Ofloxacin was more active against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Legionella spp., and Bacteroides fragilis, than norfloxacin, enoxacin, pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid, and the activity of ofloxacin was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Ofloxacin was two to seven times more effective than norfloxacin in systemic infections in mice with S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and P. aeruginosa. Ofloxacin strongly inhibited DNA supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase purified from E. coli KL-16. There is a parallel relationship between antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and its inhibitory action against DNA gyrases from ofloxacin-susceptible and ofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of E. coli. These results indicate that the high bactericidal action of ofloxacin and the related new quinolone agents can be explained by their potent inhibitory activities against DNA gyrase in bacterial cells.
Infection 1986
PMID:Antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and its mode of action. 302 66

In a double-blind study, 20 patients with peritonsillar abscesses were treated with 2 g phenoxymethylpenicillin b.i.d. for ten days together with needle aspiration, incision and daily drainage, and 20 patients were treated with 2 g phenoxymethylpenicillin b.i.d. and 0.8 g metronidazole b.i.d. for ten days together with needle aspiration, incision and daily drainage. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from pus in 20 of the patients with peritonsillar abscesses, in five of these together with indigenous oropharyngeal aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Pure anaerobic bacteria were found in nine abscesses, together with indigenous aerobic microorganisms in eight, and together with group A, C and G streptococci in five. In one patient heavily colonized with beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Bacteroides, group A beta-streptococci failed to be eradicated. In the penicillin group, nine of 18 patients harboured beta-lactamase producing Bacteroides strains in the tonsils on the day of admission. On the third and tenth days of treatment all patients harboured beta-lactamase producing Bacteroides strains in the tonsils, while in the penicillin + metronidazole group, only one out of 17 patients still harboured beta-lactamase producing Bacteroides strains. None of the patients harboured beta-lactamase producing fusobacteria on the day of admission. In the penicillin group, however, beta-lactamase producing fusobacteria were recovered from three patients on the tenth day of treatment. No beta-lactamase producing fusobacteria were recovered from the penicillin + metronidazole group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infection
PMID:Impact on peritonsillar infections and microflora of phenoxymethylpenicillin alone versus phenoxymethylpenicillin in combination with metronidazole. 308 41

Three immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous infusion were compared in vivo to determine their relative protective capacity against several gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. Polyglobin N is a conventional IgG concentrate. Psomaglobin N is identical in formulation to Polyglobin N but is prepared from the plasma of donors who have naturally high levels of antibody to lipopolysaccharide antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IgGMA is a conventional IgG concentrate containing 12% IgG and 16% IgA. In a murine model of burn wound sepsis the three IgG preparations were similarly protective against three or ten strains of P. aeruginosa. Psomaglobin N and Polyglobin N were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.015) more protective than IgGMA against six of ten and three of ten strains of P. aeruginosa, respectively. In a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 pneumonia, the three Ig preparations were similarly protective. IgGMA was significantly more protective (p less than or equal to 0.025) than Psomaglobin N and Polyglobin N against Salmonella typhimurium in murine peritonitis. However, the mean protective dose (PD50) of the two later preparations was less than or equal to 20 mg/kg body weight. In models of peritonitis both Psomaglobin N and Polyglobin N were more protective than IgGMA (p less than or equal to 0.004) against Haemophilus influenzae b, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens 06:H3 and group B Streptococcus types 1b and 1c. Psomaglobin N and ciprofloxacin were employed to treat established polymicrobial murine burn wound sepsis resulting from contamination of the burn site with mixtures of P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infection 1987
PMID:[Prevention of gram-negative and gram-positive infections with 3 intravenous immunoglobulin preparations and therapy of experimental polymicrobial burn infection with intravenous Pseudomonas immunoglobulin G and ciprofloxacin in an animal model]. 311 21

A microbiological analysis of 102 patients suffering from cystic fibrosis was conducted over a 22 month period. 20 microbial species with the following incidence were identified: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 83.4%; Candida albicans: 29.4%; Staphylococcus aureus: 24.5%; Staphylococcus epidermidis: 11.8%; Haemophilus influenzae: 11.8%; Streptococcus pneumoniae; 6.9%; Pseudomonas maltophilia: 6.8%; Aspergillus fumigatus: 5.9%. Other species were present in less than 5% of the patients. In the majority of specimens with P. aeruginosa, more than one type (up to six) was detectable. These strains were identical in colony appearance, O-serotype and pyocin-type. Quantitative analysis revealed concentrations of colony-forming units of 10(7) to 10(9) for P. aeruginosa, 10(6) to 10(8) for P. maltophilia, 10(4) to 10(7) for S. aureus, 10(4) to 10(6) for S. epidermidis and 10(4) to 10(7) for C. albicans in the majority of specimens. Significant differences were observed in the time periods during which the pathogens persisted in the patients. Maximum persistence was observed for P. aeruginosa. P. maltophilia and A. fumigatus had about similar persistence rates, which were lower than those for P. aeruginosa but above those for S. aureus and H. influenzae. S. epidermidis was eliminated within shorter periods than S. aureus. C. albicans, although the second most frequent microorganism identified, showed a very low persistence rate. The microbiological analysis confirms results from other research centers (high incidence of P. aeruginosa), but reveals significant regional differences as well (Pseudomonas cepacia not detectable, higher incidence of P. maltophilia and C. albicans). This underlines the necessity for detailed qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of sputa from cystic fibrosis patients as a prerequisite for rational analysis of etiological, epidemiological and therapeutical aspects of cystic fibrosis.
Infection
PMID:Qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of sputa of 102 patients with cystic fibrosis. 311

The identification of respiratory pathogens (e. g. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae) is impaired by the presence of large quantities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as is the case in the sputum specimens of cystic fibrosis patients. A procedure has been evaluated whereby the selective inhibition of the proliferation of P. aeruginosa is achieved by a broad spectrum pyocin, whereas the growth of H. influenzae is not influenced. This technique has been tested over a two year period resulting in a significantly augmented rate of identification of H. influenzae.
Infection
PMID:Selective procedure to isolate haemophilus influenzae from sputa with large quantities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 311 1

Data from the literature and the authors' experiences were used to review aspects of antibiotic therapy of patients with cystic fibrosis; attention was paid to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests and assessment of therapy directed against mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The heterogeneity of P. aeruginosa within single sputa with respect to antibiotic susceptibility is stressed. Quantitative viable counts of bacteria based on an analysis of homogenised sputum is recommended. The mode of in vivo growth of mucoid P. aeruginosa is discussed to explain the survival of hypersusceptible P. aeruginosa in vivo, and the clinical benefit observed in the absence of a significant reduction of the pathogen. The value of ceftazidime in the treatment of exacerbations due to Haemophilus influenzae is emphasised. The social benefits from oral administration of ciprofloxacin also emphasises that the patient's quality of life must also be considered.
Infection
PMID:Rational parameters for antibiotic therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. 311 4

Three hundred and one patients with maxillary sinusitis participated in a double-blind, randomized study at 11 ENT-clinics in Europe. Sinusitis was diagnosed by the presence of at least two signs and symptoms and sinus X-ray showing more than 6 mm swelling of the maxillary mucosa. A microbiological specimen was obtained by intrasinusal aspiration. The patients were randomly assigned to treatment either with bacampillin 800 mg b. i. d. or with amoxicillin 500 mg t. i. d. for ten days. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (94 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (66 strains) and Branhamella catarrhalis (12 strains). In 96 of the patients, no microorganisms could be isolated. Beta-lactamase production was found in one H. influenzae strain and in three B. catarrhalis strains. Two hundred and seventy-one patients could be evaluated for efficacy at the follow-up visit day 8-25. The overall clinical outcome was the same in both treatment groups. Adverse events such as skin reactions and upper and lower gastrointestinal reactions occurred in 17.4% of the amoxicillin treated patients and in 10.8% of the bacampicillin treated patients (p = 0.101).
Infection
PMID:Efficacy of penicillin treatment in purulent maxillary sinusitis. A European multicenter trial. 314 Dec 90


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