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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of antibiotic therapy in 271 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are presented. The effectiveness of the better absorbed ampicillin esters (pivampicillin and bacampicillin) is confirmed, but side-effects from the pivampicillin present problems whereas bacampicillin is excellently tolerated, even in twice daily doses of 1600 mg. Amoxycillin, if given in 750 mg doses three times daily by mouth, is also safe and effective against Haemophilus influenzae. However, if accurate MIC results are not available for both ampicillin and amoxycillin, the lesser degree of sensitivity to amoxycillin suggests that use of an ampicillin ester (such as bacampicillin) is to be preferred. Prophylactic use of antibiotics in chronic bronchitis patients does not seem logical to us.
Infection 1979
PMID:A clinical comparison of ampicillin, ampicillin esters (bacampicillin and pivampicillin) and amoxycillin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 31 31

The antibacterial activity of cefaclor against 100 non-beta-lactamase producing and 11 beta-lactamase producing isolates of Haemophilus influenzae was compared with that of cephalexin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole. A new standardized microtiter dilution technique was used. Cefaclor showed greater activity than did cephalexin and inhibited beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae isolates. Ampicillin was the most active compound against non-beta-lactamase producing isolates. One of our strains was resistant to chloramphenicol and one resistant to tetracycline.
Infection 1979
PMID:[In vitro activity of cefaclor against Haemophilus influenzae in comparison to various oral chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)]. 31 12

This paper has reviewed the bacterial etiologies and therapeis for commonly seen infections in the out-patient clinic or physician's office. The use of oral antibiotics for the treatment of pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, certain pneumonias, cellulitis, urinary tract infections and as follow-up therapy to systemic administration is discussed. Emphasis on the decreasing bacterial spectra of the tetracyclines is noted as well as a discussion of therapy of infections due to beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae.
Infection 1979
PMID:Infectious disease management with oral antibiotics. 31 13

A synergistic effect was shown with gentamicin and tobramycin by means of a triple layer agar technique and enzymatic inactivation of cefamandole after only four hours' incubation. When the strain is sensitive to cefamandole and aminoglycosides, synergy is observed against all the strains studied (Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, and Haemophilus influenzae). No significant difference was noted between the cefamandole-tobramycin and the cefamandole-gentamicin combinations when the microbial strains were sensitive to the three antibiotics.
Infection 1979
PMID:In vitro comparison of synergism between cefamandole and gentamicin or tobramycin by the triple layer agar method with enzymatic inactivation. 38 5

Bacampicillin is an orally well-absorbed pro-drug of ampicillin giving high in vivo levels of the latter. Its therapeutic activity was compared with that of amoxycillin in two experimental infection models in mice. The animals were infected with suspensions of Escherichia coli III and Haemophilus influenzae 22863 intraperitoneally and treated orally four hours afterwards with one of the two compounds. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was determined as CD50 values or by making viable counts in the blood and in organ homogenates of the animals. Ampicillin and amoxycillin had the same inhibitory but different bactericidal activity against the test strains. Both compounds appeared to have similar therapeutic activity and were found to cause a rapid decrease of the bacterial counts in the animals. Bacampicillin appeared to give a more rapid bactericidal activity than amoxycillin against the Haemophilus influenzae strain, whereas amoxycillin initially appeared more bactericidal against the Escherichia coli infection.
Infection 1979
PMID:Comparative in vivo activity of bacampicillin and amoxycillin. 38 21

Following oral administration of 800 mg bacampicillin, the concentrations of ampicillin were determined in normal (n = 16) and pathological (n = 12) lung tissue after 3.6 and 9 hours in a total of 28 patients. The serum concentration was determined simultaneously. The mean peak serum concentration (+/- SD) after one hour was 9.7 +/- 7.2 micrograms/ml. The mean concentration (+/- SD) in normal lung tissues were, after 3, 6 and 9 hours, 3.73 +/- 1.10 micrograms/ml, 1.06 +/- 0.99 micrograms/ml, 0.15 +/- 0.30 microgram/ml respectively, and in pathological lung tissues 0.95 +/- 0.31 microliters/ml, 0.86 +/- 1.11 micrograms/ml and 0.40 +/- 0.24 micrograms/ml respectively. Thus bacampicillin produced concentrations well above the MIC of the most important pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae, in both pathological and normal lung tissue.
Infection 1979
PMID:Ampicillin concentration in normal and pathological lung tissues after oral administration of bacampicillin. 51 59

A collection of 426 Haemophilus strains isolated from people with infectious diseases and from the normal flora of mucous membranes in humans and various animal species was studied in an attempt to revise and improve the taxonomy of the genus Haemophilus. The examinations included the determination of a number of biochemical and physiological properties, of which several had not previously been applied to the taxonomy of haemophili. The resulting data reavealed many hitherto unrecognized characters of taxonomic significance and several of the species can now be more accurately defined. The classification presented is supported by the DNA base composition of a large number of representative strains. A diagnostic key to the different taxa is presented. Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae have been subdivided into a number of biotypes. It is possible to demonstrate a relationship between the individual biotypes of H. influenzae and the origin of the strains assigned to them. The results indicate that H. aegyptius, H. parahaemolyticus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus do not merit specific status. Four unnamed taxa of V-factor-dependent haemophili have been recognized. The name Haemophilus segnis is proposed for one of these taxa, which consists mainly of strains isolated from the human oral cavity. It is demonstrated that the name H. Ducreyi has been used for different groups of bacteria, and that only one of these groups can legitimately be assigned to the genus Haemophilus. Haemolytic V-factor-dependent strains from swine, previously included in H. parahaemolyticus, are significantly different from strains of human origin and should be named H. pleuropneumoniae. None of the strains from swine and fowls were haemin-dependent. The relationships of these strains to the species H. suis and H. gallinarum, and to H. parasuis and H. paragallinarum are discussed. Haemophilus piscium is shown not to belong to the genus Haemophilus. The taxonomic position of H. aphrophilus is uncertain and its possible relationship to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans requires further study. The positive correlation found between the ecology of the strains studied and their affiliation with the different taxa is discussed.
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PMID:A taxonomic study of the genus Haemophilus, with the proposal of a new species. 77 68

Clinical effects of a newly developed aminoglycoside antibiotic lividomycin, were investigated in 13 patients suffering from respiratory infections. 1. A total of 13 patients with the following infectious diseases was treated with 1 g/day of lividomycin for 3 to 11 days (average 6.7 days): Acute pneumonia 3 cases, bronchiectasis 3 cases, acute bronchitis 5 cases, suppurative diseases of the lung 1 case, and pyothorax 1 case. As the results, the antibiotic was effective in 5 patients, moderately effective in 4 patients and ineffective in 4 patients, and thus the global effective rate was 62.9% (9/13). 2. As in the case of kanamycin, lividomycin indicated fairly good sensitivity against a total of 17 strains comprising Staphylococcus aureus (7 strains), alpha-Streptococcus (2 strains), beta-Streptococcus (3 strains), gamma-Streptococcus (1 strain), Neisseria (2 strains) and Haemophilus (2 strains) which were isolated from sputum. 3. No side effects attributable to lividomycin were observed.
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PMID:[Clinical experiences of lividomycin on respiratory tract infections (author's transl)]. 104 Dec 82

Over 1,300 children were studied in an analysis of factors that might affect pharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b. Our semiquantitative methods for the culture of H. influenzae type b, consisting of inoculation of 0.001 ml of throat swab fluid on antiserum agar plates and division of the results into three grades of intensity, showed agreement as to intensity of colonization in over 80% of repeat throat cultures. Our data also suggest that throat swabs are more efficient than nasopharyngeal swabs for detecting colonization, particularly for older children. All 17 H. influenzae type b carriers found with either method were detected with throat swabs, but six had negative nasopharyngeal cultures; four of these six were lightly colonized older children. Furthermore, colony counts were apt to be higher on plates inoculated with throat swab fluids. The frequency of pharyngeal H. influenzae type b colonization in children visiting health department clinics and pediatricians' offices was low during the first 6 months of life (0.7%) but averaged 3 to 5% throughout the rest of childhood. Approximately two-thirds of the carriers were colonized at an intensity too low to be detected by standard laboratory techniques. No influence on colonization rates was found for sex, race, season, economic status, or common childhood infectious diseases such as coryza or otitis media.
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PMID:Factors affecting pharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae type b colonization rates in children. 108 55

Bronchopulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is associated with chronic progressive lung disease and episodes of acute exacerbation. Infection is predominantly caused by bacteria, although infections with viruses, mycoplasma and fungi may play undervalued roles. Bacteria commonly isolated from CF sputum include Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colonisation of the airways by mucoid, alginate-producing variants of P. aeruginosa is recognised as a major cause of pulmonary deterioration. In addition, there is now considerable concern relating to the clinical consequences of colonisation and cross-infection with P. cepacia. This review discusses the microbiology of CF focussing on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of P. aeruginosa and P. cepacia.
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PMID:Microbiology of lung infection in cystic fibrosis. 128 Oct 36


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