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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent experience in the diagnosis and management of Hemophilus influenzae b pericarditis is described in five children. Anterior pericardectomy appears to be the preferred method of surgical drainage because it was associated with a shorter hospitalization than pericardiocentesis or closed or open pericardotomy and removed the risk of recurrent cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis of sera and pericardial fluid was used to rapidly identify the etiology of pericarditis in four of four patients tested. The observation that three children appeared to develop pericarditis in the absence of a contiguous infectious focus suggests that bacteremic seeding of the pericardium may be important in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae b pericarditis in children. 108 72

The incidence of Hemophilus influenzae, type B, infections in children has been increasing recently, so the number of cases of pericarditis is likely to rise also. We describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of H. influenzae, type B, pericarditis based on 4 patients and a review of the literature. The most common complication is cardiac tamponade, which requires drainage. All patients should be treated with antibiotics (chloramphenicol, ampicillin) and a drainage procedure. Because of several recently reported cases of subsequent constrictive pericarditis, we recomment anterior interphrenic pericardiectomy both for drainage and to prevent constrictive pericarditis. With appropriate therapy the survival rate should be very high.
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PMID:The management of Hemophilus influenzae, Type B, pericarditis. 108 17

Pyogenic pericarditis is encountered uncommonly in clinical practice. The majority of cases of clinically apparent pericarditis are viral in origin. When bacterial infection of the pericardial space does occur the causative organism is usually Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species. Isolation of an haemophilus organism from the pericardial space in this condition is distinctly unusual. There are only 10 previously reported cases in the literature of pericarditis secondary to Haemophilus influenzae. This report describes the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with haemophilus empyema and purulent pericarditis progressing to cardiac tamponade. There are isolated reports of successful treatment of pyogenic pericarditis with closed drainage and antibiotics. In the absence of clear evidence demonstrating the efficacy of this approach the authors favour open exploration of the pericardial space.
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PMID:Cardiac tamponade secondary to haemophilus pericarditis: a case report. 157 65

An unusual case of a 9 year old girl with primary pericarditis and cardiac tamponade due to Hemophilus influenzae is reported. Meningitis or manifestations in other organs could be excluded. Despite pericardial drainage for three weeks beginning at the 11th day of illness, a chambered pericardial effusion developed, which could be localized more exactly by cross-sectional echocardiography than by axial computerized tomography.
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PMID:[Cardiac tamponade and chambered pericardial effusion complicating hemophilus influenzae pericarditis (author's transl)]. 610 51

Although cardiac tamponade is an important and emergent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), purulent pericarditis is rare despite the high frequency of pericardial effusion in SLE. We describe the first SLE case of Haemophilus influenzae type-f pericarditis with cardiac tamponade with SLE as the initial presentation. The pathophysiology and therapy are discussed.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae pericarditis with tamponade as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus. 1560 69

Bacterial pericarditis occurs by direct infection during trauma, thoracic surgery, or catheter drainage, by spread from an intrathoracic, myocardial, or subdiaphragmatic focus, and by hematogenous dissemination. The frequent causes are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (rheumatic pancarditis), Haemophilus, and M. tuberculosis. In AIDS pericarditis, the incidence of bacterial infection is much higher than in the general population, with a high proportion of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. Purulent pericarditis is the most serious manifestation of bacterial pericarditis, characterized by gross pus in the pericardium or microscopically purulent effusion. It is an acute, fulminant illness with fever in virtually all patients. Chest pain is uncommon. Purulent pericarditis is always fatal if untreated. The mortality rate in treated patients is 40%, and death is mostly due to cardiac tamponade, systemic toxicity, cardiac decompensation, and constriction. Tuberculous infection may present as acute pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, silent (often large) relapsing pericardial effusion, effusive-constrictive pericarditis, toxic symptoms with persistent fever, and acute, subacute, or chronic constriction. The mortality in untreated patients approaches 85%. Urgent pericardial drainage, combined with intravenous antibacterial therapy (e.g. vancomycin 1g twice daily, ceftriaxone 1-2g twice daily, and ciprofloxacin 400 mg/day) is mandatory in purulent pericarditis. Irrigation with urokinase or streptokinase, using large catheters, may liquify the purulent exudate, but open surgical drainage is preferable. The initial treatment of tuberculous pericarditis should include isoniazid 300 mg/day, rifampin 600 mg/day, pyrazinamide 15-30 mg/kg/day, and ethambutol 15-25 mg/kg/day. Prednisone 1-2 mg/kg/day is given for 5-7 days and progressively reduced to discontinuation in 6-8 weeks. Drug sensitivity testing is essential. Pericardiectomy is reserved for recurrent effusions or continued elevation of central venous pressure after 4-6 weeks of antituberculous and corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:Bacterial pericarditis: diagnosis and management. 1572 41

Purulent pericarditis, once a common entity associated with intrathoracic infections, such as pneumonia and empyema, has become an infrequent illness in the post-antibiotic era. Prompt recognition and therapy are vital in improving disease-related mortality. Herein, we describe a rare case of Haemophilus influenzae type B purulent pericarditis and associated cardiac tamponade. Antibiotic therapy, pericardial drainage, and subsequent pericardiectomy were performed with resolution of illness.
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PMID:Purulent pericarditis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B. 2156 56