Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of 184 women infected with Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis), 34% over age 30 were divorced or separated and 8% gave a history of induced abortion. Fifty-one percent were taking an oral contraceptive drug, as compared to 36% of 140 women in a control group. Various sexually transmitted diseases were diagnosed either concomitantly or at another time in 52% of women in the study group and 38% of those in the control group. The rate of cervical neoplasia (invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and dysplasia) was 13.6% in the study group and 5.7% in the control group, the rate in the study group being several times that in the general population. These and other available epidemiologic data support the conclusion that C vainale is transmitted sexually.
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PMID:Epidemiologic characteristics of women infected with Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vainalis). 108 35

Spontaneous fusion between lymphoid and carcinoma cells in vivo has been described previously. Splenocytes from mice treated with LPS or mitogen have been reported to fuse better with myeloma cells using PEG as fusion agent than splenocytes from untreated mice. We report a phenomenon where immunization of mice with formalin treated, whole Haemophilus paragallinarum bacteria induced spontaneous fusion of splenocytes with myeloma cells in vitro, without the aid of any fusion agent. Co-immunization of mice with H. paragallinarum and an unrelated antigen (hen's egg white lysozyme), followed by co-culturing of the immune splenocytes with SP2/0 myeloma cells, yielded stable hybridoma cell lines producing anti-lysozyme antibodies. H. paragallinarum may be used in adjuvants to simplify the production of monoclonal antibodies, and the discovery of a promotional activity of a gram negative bacterium on cell fusion and hybridoma formation may shed new light on spontaneous fusion as a natural immune phenomenon in cancer.
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PMID:Spontaneous fusion between splenocytes and myeloma cells induced by bacterial immunization. 225 87

Agammaglobulinaemia is the most common of the primary immunodeficiencies. Three major types can be distinguished: X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, early-onset agammaglobulinaemia and late-onset agammaglobulinaemia. In X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, the molecular defect has been elucidated, and genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection have become important issues. The pathogenesis of early- and late-onset agammaglobulinaemia is heterogeneous and usually not within the B-cell lineage. Patients with agammaglobulinaemia mainly suffer from infections caused by pneumococci or encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae located in the respiratory tract, paranasal sinuses, ears and meninges. Other prominent infections are Campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia and Giardia lamblia infection of the intestine. Among the more rare infections are those caused by Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma hominis. There is quite a number of non-infectious abnormalities which bother agammaglobulinaemic patients, especially those with late-onset agammaglobulinaemia. Of these, gastric carcinoma and intestinal lymphoma in late-onset agammaglobulinaemia and colorectal cancer in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia are the most dramatic. Life-threatening bacterial infections can largely be prevented by immunoglobulin substitution, even at relatively low dosages. However, insufficient immunoglobulin substitution is associated with recurrent airway infection and cumulative damage to the respiratory tract. for adequate substitution, efficacieous and safe intravenous immunoglobulin preparations are available. For selected patients (children, adults with poor venous access, and those experiencing side-effects on intravenous immunoglobulin), 16% immunoglobulin can be given by the subcutaneous route. With optimal substitution and--in the case of infection--adequate antimicrobial treatment, these patients have a good prognosis.
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PMID:Agammaglobulinaemia. 783 40

This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using perioperative topical antibiotics in contaminated head and neck surgery and to standardize the culture methodology (both qualitative and quantitative) which could serve as bacteriologic endpoints for evaluation. Following preliminary studies to establish oral cavity indicator organisms and the impact of a single antibiotic mouthwash dose on oral microflora, 10 consecutive patients undergoing contaminated head and neck surgery were recruited into a clinical trial where clindamycin mouthwash and intraoperative irrigation containing clindamycin were used instead of traditional parenteral antibiotics. The bacteriologic efficacy of topical clindamycin was assessed by comparing the presence of four indicator microorganisms (two aerobic and two anaerobic) cultured from two oral cavity culture sites before and after antibiotic prophylaxis. The patients included in the study underwent total laryngectomy plus neck dissection(s) for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma from 1991 to 1992 at a large university hospital specializing in head and neck cancer surgery. The main outcome measures used were the development of a postoperative wound infection and quantitative and qualitative bacteriology of the intraoperative neck wound and postoperative oral cavity. Two aerobic and two anaerobic organisms proved useful as a practical indicator for bacteriologic efficacy. Preoperative mouthwash resulted in a 99% reduction of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in intraoperatively cultured neck sites. Irrigation during surgery with the clindamycin solution further reduced the bacterial neck counts by an additional 90%. There was a consistent overgrowth of Hemophilus species on postoperative oral cavity cultures. No patient developed a postoperative wound infection. A topical prophylactic antibiotic alone was efficacious and safe for patients undergoing major contaminated head and neck surgery. Culture methods for assessment of bacteriologic efficacy were reproducible and cost-effective. This pilot study furnishes the ethical and scientific basis for large-scale prospective trials comparing topical versus parenteral antimicrobial agents.
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PMID:The efficacy of topical antibiotic prophylaxis for contaminated head and neck surgery. 819 46

Preincubation with subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim decreased the adherence of the respiratory pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis to human larynx carcinoma HEp-2 cells. Subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin did not change the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Streptococcus pneumoniae 15.62, but adhesion of S. pneumoniae 15.42 was significantly enhanced by subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations.
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PMID:Changes in adherence of respiratory pathogens to HEp-2 cells induced by subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim. 838 3

In contrast to the healthy population, distal airway bacterial colonization may occur in patients with chronic lung diseases, who often have altered pulmonary defences. However, the information dealing with this issue is insufficient and is based mainly on nonspecific samples, such as sputum cultures. Using quantitative cultures of bronchoscopic protected specimen brush (PSB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, we studied the bacterial colonization of distal airways in 16 healthy subjects, 33 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, 18 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 17 with bronchiectasis, and 32 with a long-term tracheostomy due to laryngeal carcinoma. All patients were without exacerbation, and free from antibiotic treatment at least 1 month before the study protocol. Thresholds for quantitative cultures to define colonization were > or = 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu) x mL(-1) for PSB and > or = 10(3) cfu x mL(-1) for BAL. Only one healthy subject was colonized by a potential pathogenic microorganism (PPM) (Staphylococcus aureus 4x10(2) cfu x mL(-1) in a PSB culture). Colonization was observed in 14 (42%) bronchogenic carcinoma patients (19 non-PPMs, and 10 PPMs); in 15 (83%) COPD patients (22 non-PPMs and 7 PPMs); in 15 (88%) bronchiectasis patients (20 non-PPMs and 13 PPMs); and in 15 (47%) long-term tracheostomy patients (5 non-PPMs and 13 PPMs). The two most frequent non-PPMs isolated in all groups studied were Streptococcus viridans and Neisseria spp. Haemophilus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis were the most frequent PPMs isolated in bronchogenic carcinoma, COPD, bronchiectasis and long-term tracheostomized patients, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization was infrequent in all the groups. Our results show that distal airway bacterial colonization is a frequent feature in stable patients with chronic lung diseases and also in patients with long-term tracheostomy. However, the pattern of colonization differs among groups studied. The knowledge of different colonization patterns may be important for future antibiotic prophylactic strategies and for the empirical antibiotic regimens when exacerbations occur in these patients.
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PMID:Bacterial colonization of distal airways in healthy subjects and chronic lung disease: a bronchoscopic study. 916 59

Nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from patients with chronic bronchitis can be divided into those that persist in the lower respiratory tract and those that do not. We tested the hypothesis that persisting and nonpersisting strains differ in the extent to which they activate epithelial cells to produce two potent inflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. A suspension of 10(7) and 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) x mL(-1) of H. influenzae, persisting and nonpersisting, induced a dose- and time-dependent production of IL-6 and IL-8 by the human pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma-derived cell line H292, but levels of IL-6 were lower after exposure to persisting H. influenzae (p<0.05). IL-8 production showed a similar trend (p<0.02; analysis of variance). H. influenzae bacteria that adhered to H292 cells were equally distributed over persisting and nonpersisting isolates and induced IL-6 and IL-8 levels similar to their nonadhering counterparts. The difference between persisting and nonpersisting H. influenzae was not due to cytotoxic, antimetabolic or antiproliferative effects on H292 cells. Furthermore, pre-exposure of cells to persisting and nonpersisting isolates did not block subsequent IL-1beta-induced IL-6 production. We conclude that persisting clinical isolates induce less interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in H292 cells than nonpersisting isolates, probably because they excrete lower amounts of a stimulus of H292 cells. The stimulus is heat stable, hydrophilic and nonproteinous and probably not lipopolysaccharide alone. These findings support the suggestion that some strains of Haemophilus influenzae that persist in the airways of patients, may do so because they induce only a weak inflammatory response.
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PMID:Persisting Haemophilus influenzae strains induce lower levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in H292 lung epithelial cells than nonpersisting strains. 938 60

Both local and systemic infections may complicate the morbidity of patients with oral malignant neoplasms, particularly those presenting intraorally. This study investigated the microbial contents of the biofilms present on the surfaces of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Biofilm samples were obtained from the central surface of the lesions in 21 patients (20 male, 1 female) aged 52.8 (+/- 8.2) years, and from contiguous healthy mucosa, before any antibiotic therapy or any tumour treatment. All lesions were keratinising squamous cell carcinomas with surface ulceration. Samples were transported in reduced brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and cultured within 1 h of removal, using aerobic and anaerobic complete and selective media. The median number of anaerobic colony forming units (CFU/ml) at the tumour sites (1.6 x 10(8)) was significantly higher than for the healthy (control) mucosa (3.0 x 10(7); P = 0.0001, Wilcoxon); the same was true for aerobes at the tumour sites (1.51 x 10(8)) relative to the controls (2.8 x 10(7); P = 0.0008, Wilcoxon). The species isolated in increased numbers at tumour sites were Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Actinomyces and Clostridium (anaerobes), and Haemophilus, Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. (aerobes). Candida albicans was found at eight of the 21 tumour sites, but never at control sites. It was concluded that human oral carcinoma surface biofilms harbour significantly increased numbers of aerobes and anaerobes as compared with the healthy mucosal surface of the same patient. Candida albicans can also be present in these biofilms. These findings must be considered in relation to the known predisposition of such patients to systemic infections, and to the unpleasant complications of oral morbidity due to infected lesions.
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PMID:The microflora associated with human oral carcinomas. 981 27

In this paper, clinical data of 49 adult patients with agammaglobulinaemia (syn. hypogammaglobulinaemia), 15 cases of X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) and 34 of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are reviewed. Although immunoglobulin substitution largely abolished life-threatening respiratory tract infections, considerable infectious and non-infectious morbidity was still encountered in these patients. Almost all patients suffered from chronic or recurrent upper and lower airway infections, mainly caused by Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci. The lower respiratory tract infections led to cumulative damage to the respiratory tract, especially in XLA patients. Also the incidence of infections outside the respiratory tract (giardiasis, Campylobacter jejuni infections) was more common in XLA patients than in CVID patients. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia was only found in CVID. A variety of other non-infectious complications were seen especially in CVID. Neoplastic complications occurred in nine patients (two cases of thymoma, two colorectal cancer, one gastric carcinoma, two haematological malignancies, two cases of skin cancer). Six patients died (five XLA patients and one CVID patient, from infectious and non-infectious causes).
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PMID:Hypogammaglobulinaemia: cumulative experience in 49 patients in a tertiary care institution. 1216 71

Rhinosinusitis is a common complication in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who receive radiotherapy. An impaired mucociliary clearance due to this treatment may be the major cause of rhinosinusitis in these irradiated patients. The relative frequency with which various pathogens cause rhinosinusitis in these patients is unknown. This study investigates the bacteriology of acute rhinosinusitis in irradiated NPC patients by maxillary sinus puncture. From October 2001 through July 2006, 20 irradiated NPC patients with radiograph-proven acute maxillary sinusitis received maxillary sinus punctures. Aspirate contents of the sinuses were collected for aerobic and anaerobic cultivation. A total sampling of 26 sides was performed in the 20 patients. The culture rate was 85%. Frequently identified aerobes and facultative anaerobes included alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (n = 8), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 5) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 3). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, however, are far less common. This may provide important information about the antibiotic therapy in irradiated NPC patients with acute rhinosinusitis.
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PMID:Bacteriology of acute rhinosinusitis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors: a result of maxillary sinus punctures. 1751 77


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