Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchial secretions obtained during bronchoscopic examination of 60 children suffering from respiratory tract infections were studied for the concentration of immunoglobulins, anti-proteolytic factors, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. Eleven children having bronchial asthma without a history of chronic or recurrent infections of the respiratory tract were designated as a control. The results were analysed in relation to clinical diagnosis (chronic bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis) or to the local status of bronchial mucosa at the time of bronchoscopy (no inflammation, inflammation, inflammation with documented bacterial infection). The statistical analysis of the results revealed a decrease of lactoferrin and locally produced IgA in the group of children suffering from bronchitis and chronic bronchitis. Samples infected with Haemophilus species had significantly higher concentration of lactoferrin than any other group. Similarly, albumin in this group was higher than in the other group except that other bacteria were present. Samples infected with Haemophilus also had increased concentrations of S-IgA, IgG, and anti-proteolytic factors when compared with the group without local inflammation.
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PMID:Studies of bronchial secretion. The influence of inflammatory response and bacterial infection. 396 91

A total of 570 patients, aged less than 24 months, who were seen in the emergency room at Texas Children's Hospital for evaluation of acute febrile illness had a WBC count, differential count, and a blood culture obtained. Bacteremia occurred in 7.7% (n = 44) (22 Haemophilus influenzae; 17 Streptococcus pneumoniae; three Escherichia coli; one group B Streptococcus; one Staphylococcus aureus). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of morphologic changes (vacuolization and toxic granulation) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (segmented neutrophils plus band cells), WBC count greater than or equal to 15,000/microL and band cells greater than or equal to 500/microL were examined. Additionally, abnormalities in three of four tests (WBC count greater than or equal to 15,000/microL, band cells greater than or equal to 500/microL, segmented neutrophils greater than or equal to 10,000/microL, and/or total polymorphonuclear neutrophils greater than or equal to 10,500/microL) were evaluated. Morphologic changes of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were noted frequently in patients with culture-proven bacteremia (63% and 51% positive predictive value for vacuolization and toxic granulation, respectively) and were more predictive of bacterial infection than traditional tests. If both vacuolization and toxic granulation were present, the positive predictive value increased to 76%. Examination of the peripheral blood smear may provide important adjunctive information for the presence of bacteremia prior to bacteriologic confirmation.
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PMID:Early detection of bacteremia in an outpatient clinic. 399 Dec 67

Eighty-eight patients from 16 to 79 years old, with acute purulent otitis media, were bacteriologically examined at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of a primary care hospital in Tokyo from July 1979 to May 1983. Fifty-six patients underwent paracentesis, and 32 patients exhibited otorrhea due to previous spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane. Bacteriologic cultures revealed the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (62.5 per cent), including S. pneumoniae Type III (28.1 per cent), Haemophilus influenzae (10.5 per cent), Staphylococcus aureus (11.5 per cent), and Streptococcus pyogenes (7.3 per cent). S. pneumoniae Type III had a notably high detection rate in patients from 50 to 79 years old (50-75 per cent). Because Haemophilus influenzae was detected at a relatively high rate in patients of all ages, if can be considered as a major causative pathogen of AOM. In 44 patients, selected mainly from those who underwent paracentesis, a comparative study of bacteria found in middle ear fluid and naso-pharyngeal mucus revealed the same bacteria in 43 out of 44 cases (97.7 per cent), indicating the presence of bacterial infection through the auditory canal. Antibiotics were selected according to an Expected Efficacy Index (EEI), the antibiotic of first choice being Ampicillin or Cefaclor.
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PMID:Bacteriological features and chemotherapy of adult acute purulent otitis media. 402 Feb 54

Samples of CSF, serum, and urine from 162 children with a clinical diagnosis of possible bacterial infection were examined by CIE within 1 hr of admission to the hospital. Results obtained were compared to information derived from gram stain and bacterial cultures of these specimens. Thirty-eight of 59 patients with culturally proved bacterial infections had positive CIE determinations at the time of admission. Highest correlation between culture and CIE results was in patients with meningitis due to Hemophilus influenzae type b while poorest correlation was obtained in children with pneumococcal septicemia. PRP within serum or CSF was quantitated on 21 occasions in patients with H. influenzae meningitis. Patients who experienced sequelae of their meningitis had significantly (p less than 0.005-0.025) higher levels of PRP within CSF and serum than those whose recovery was uneventful.
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PMID:Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in the evaluation of childhood infections. 415 36

Ceftizoxime (FK 749, CZX) was evaluated in 24 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 17 confirmed bacterial infections, 16 were shown to be effective (effective rate, 94.1%). The diagnosis included acute pharyngitis (2), pneumonia (6), staphylococcal empyema (1), cervical purulent lymphadenitis (2), acute enterocolitis (2), acute pyelonephritis (1), SSSS (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiological pathogens recovered were Streptococcus anginosus (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Haemophilus influenzae (3), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1) etc. A case of suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia was not effectively treated with CZX. The serum half-life of CZX was 1.36 hours after intravenous bolus infection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CZX was 6.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous bolus injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CZX therapy. The data suggest that CZX is an excellent candidate for the first choice parenteral antibiotic in the pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 627 2

Cefmenoxime (CMX) was evaluated in 25 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 20 confirmed bacterial infections, 19 were cured by CMX therapy (effective rate, 95%). The diagnoses included acute pharyngotonsillitis (4), acute bronchitis (1), pneumonia (7), streptococcal dacryocystitis (1), infections accompanied with acute leukemia (4), and acute urinary tract infections (3). The etiologic pathogens were beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A (1), and F (1), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Escherichia coli (4), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), etc. CMX was very effective for 2 children with respiratory infections due to ampicillin resistant H. influenzae type b. The half life of serum concentration of CMX was 0.76 +/- 0.17 hour after an intravenous bolus injection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CMX was 5.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. However this level was not as high as those of cefotaxime, latamoxef, or ceftizoxime measured in the same case. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with CMX therapy. The data suggest that CMX is a safe and effective parenteral antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in the pediatric infections]. 630 92

In a randomized, prospective clinical trial cefamandole therapy was compared with cefamandole plus amdinocillin in infants and children with suspected bacterial infections. Fifty-two infections in 50 patients with bone and joint (19 infections), pulmonary (19 infections), soft tissue (eight infections), and urinary tract (6 infections) diseases were treated. Bacterial infection was documented in 31 patients. All isolates were susceptible to cefamandole except one strain of Serratia marcescens, which was susceptible to the combination. In vitro synergy was demonstrated in all coliform bacilli, in three of seven Haemophilus strains, and in six of 16 gram-positive cocci. No correlation between degree of serum bactericidal activity and presence or absence of synergy could be demonstrated. One patient treated with cefamandole died; all other patients responded promptly to therapy without serious adverse drug effects.
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PMID:Randomized trial of cefamandole plus amdinocillin versus cefamandole in serious pediatric infections. 631 Oct

The records of 129 patients admitted to the hospital with the findings of fever and petechiae were reviewed to determine the incidence of invasive bacterial disease in patients with this symptom complex. Twenty-six patients (20.2%) had culture-proven bacterial infections; 13 (11.1%) of the group had Neisseria meningitidis, eight had Haemophilus influenzae type B. No single laboratory test was sufficiently sensitive to detect all patients with life-threatening bacterial infections, but a combination of normal laboratory findings was highly specific for those without significant disease.
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PMID:Incidence of invasive bacterial disease in children with fever and petechiae. 642 26

Although the epidemiology and pathophysiology of serious bacterial infection in homozygous sickle cell anemia (SS disease) have become increasingly well understood, information about infection risk and splenic reticuloendothelial function in hemoglobin SC disease is quite limited. Therefore, the type and frequency of invasive bacterial disease were examined in 51 children with SC disease followed for 370 person-years and splenic function was assessed in 31 patients by quantitation of pitted erythrocytes. Seven serious bacterial infections occurred in four of the patients, five due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and two to Haemophilus influenzae. A primary focus of infection was present in all episodes, none of which proved fatal. Although 30 episodes of pneumonia or chest syndrome occurred in 20 of the patients, a bacterial etiology was proven in only three instances. Splenic function was usually impaired, with a mean pit count of 7.1% +/- 8.2% (range 0% to 22.9%). This is significantly greater than normal, but less than pit counts in patients with SS disease or asplenic subjects. Children with SC disease may have a greater risk of bacterial infection than normal children, but their infection rate is not nearly as high as that in patients with SS disease.
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PMID:Bacterial infection and splenic reticuloendothelial function in children with hemoglobin SC disease. 660 68

The effect of splenic congestion associated with acute hemolytic anemia on susceptibility to bacterial infection was investigated in rats inoculated with Haemophilus influenzae b by intranasal (in) or intravenous (iv) challenge. The rats were made anemic by phenylhydrazine treatment and were challenged with 10(6) (in) or 5 X 10(7) (iv) H influenzae b. Forty-eight hours after in inoculation of bacteria, the number of bacteria in the blood was 10 times greater in the anemic rats with extensive splenic congestion than in controls. After iv inoculation of bacteria, a significantly (P less than 0.001) higher mortality rate was found in the anemic rats with extensive splenic congestion and fewer bacteria were present in the spleens but not the livers, as compared to normal rats. Since phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia exhibited an extensive congestion in the spleen, higher mortality rate observed in the anemic rats challenged with H influenzae b may result, in part, from decreased intravascular clearance of bacteria by the spleen.
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PMID:Effect of splenic congestion associated with hemolytic anemia on mortality of rats challenged with Haemophilus influenzae b. 660 53


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