Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An average of 1.4% of the more than 30,000 participants in a treatment study were diagnosed as having acute sinusitis. 62% of all cases of sinusitis arose in patients aged between 15 and 44 years. Treatment with antibiotics is indicated in purulent sinusitis whilst non-purulent sinusitis is treated either with local or systemic antiphlogistic agents. The secondary bacterial infection is usually caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and anaerobic bacteria. In Scandinavia these probably account for 90% of the purulent sinusitis cases whilst Branhamella catarrhalis is responsible for the remaining 10%. Penicillin V is the agent of choice in acute sinusitis. Cefaclor is preferable in combatting H. influenzae. In a double blind study comparing doxycycline to cefaclor in the management of acute sinusitis (108 patients with cefaclor, 105 patients with doxycycline, no difference emerged between the two groups in the subjective assessment of the treatment results. Objective evaluation recorded excellent results for 88% and 83% of the patients in the cefaclor and doxycycline groups, respectively. Side-effects were noted by 7% of the cefaclor and by 13% of the doxycycline patients. The difference between the incidence of side-effects was not statistically significant. Taking into account the treatment results, the side-effects and ecological aspects, cefaclor is second only to penicillin as the agent of choice in suspected or confirmed purulent sinusitis (e. g. in presence of penicillin allergies or failure of the infection to respond to penicillin V).
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PMID:[Acute sinusitis in adults]. 349 8

Two patients with hydatid cysts of the liver are reported. In both patients the cysts had become infected with Haemophilus influenzae. The route of the bacterial infection and significance of this previously unreported association remain unclear.
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PMID:Bacterial infection of hepatic hydatid cysts with Haemophilus influenzae. 349 70

A highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b antigens in body fluids and broth cultures was developed, with a polyclonal antibody directed against polyribose phosphate as the solid-phase reagent and a biotinylated monoclonal antibody directed against H. influenzae type b outer membrane protein as the liquid-phase reagent. H. influenzae type b antigens could be detected in broth cultures containing as little as 50 organisms per ml. The sensitivity and specificity of this system were compared with those of two commercial kits and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The overall detection of H. influenzae type b antigens in clinical specimens collected from children infected with H. influenzae type b was as follows: with Phadebact, 86 and 86% in cerebrospinal fluid and urine specimens, respectively; with Bactigen, 86, 80, and 92%, with counterimmunoelectrophoresis, 78, 73, and 75%, and with biotin-avidin EIA, 100, 100, and 100% for cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and urine specimens, respectively. In the biotin-avidin EIA, no positive reactions were noted in specimens collected from patients infected with other bacteria or from patients without evidence of bacterial infection, whereas false-positive reactions were found by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the commercial kits. These results suggest that this monoclonal antibody reacting with the outer membrane protein is more specific and sensitive than the conventional methods using polyclonal antisera for the detection of H. influenzae type b antigens during severe infections in children.
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PMID:Rapid diagnosis of severe Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infections by monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for outer membrane proteins. 353 Dec 31

Charts of 182 outpatient children with bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza type b or Neisseria meningitidis were reviewed. Twenty-four patients (13%) were afebrile (temperature less than 37.8 degrees C) at presentation. Five afebrile patients had no history of fever. Four of the five had localizing signs of infection and one appeared toxic. Afebrile patients were not strikingly different from febrile bacteremic patients by any assessments. Bacteremia in children cannot be excluded on the basis of absence of fever by history and examination. Blood cultures should be performed on afebrile children who either have localizing signs of serious bacterial infection or appear toxic.
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PMID:Bacteremia in children afebrile at presentation to an emergency room. 356 38

Symptomatic exacerbations are frequent problems in the management of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Identification of a bacterial etiology as the cause of specific exacerbations should be based on changes in clinical symptoms and documentation of significant bronchial bacterial flora and a neutrophilic inflammatory response. Most acute bacterial exacerbations in patients with bronchitis or asthma are caused by Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Branhamella catarrhalis. Treatment with ampicillins, synthetic tetracyclines, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is successful in 80 to 90 percent of bacterial exacerbations. Emergence of resistant Hemophilus species and pneumococci motivates development of new orally administered antimicrobial drugs. Appropriate treatment depends on the prompt recognition that bacterial infection is present. Once instituted, antimicrobial therapy should be continued for a minimum of 10 to 14 days, which should increase the duration of the infection-free period until the next bacterial exacerbation. Adequate response should be evaluated by the return of symptoms to pre-infectious levels and by decreased sputum bacterial flora and neutrophilic inflammation.
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PMID:Acute bacterial exacerbations in bronchitis and asthma. 357 22

Sixty-four episodes of bacterial infection were identified over a 44-month period in 16 of 28 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 14 of 31 patients with AIDS-related complex. Nineteen of the 30 infected patients were parenteral drug abusers, 10 were from Caribbean Islands and had no identified risk factor, and one was a homosexual male. Fourteen patients had 21 episodes of community-acquired pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumoniae (10), Haemophilus influenzae (three), other Haemophilus species (three), group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (one), Staphylococcus aureus (one), Branhamella catarrhalis (one), Legionella pneumophila (one), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (one). Seven patients had eight episodes of nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacilli. Twenty-five episodes of community-acquired bacteremia and nine episodes of nosocomial bacteremia were associated with specific sites of infection. Other infections included meningitis (two), urinary tract infection (one), and abscesses involving subcutaneous and deep tissues (12). Sixteen patients had recurrent infections; 11 of these had or eventually had AIDS. Community-acquired bacterial infections in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex are common and may be recurrent but have low fatality rates. In comparison, nosocomial bacterial infections occur primarily in patients with AIDS and have high fatality rates.
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PMID:Bacterial infections in adult patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. 357 59

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were conducted to evaluate cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new cephem type antibiotic, in the pediatric field. A total of 9 pediatric patients (2-14 years) was treated with intravenous injection of CZON: 4 cases with one shot of 20 mg/kg, 2 cases with one shot of 40 mg/kg and 3 cases with drip infusion over 1 hour of 40 mg/kg. CZON concentrations in serum and the excretion in urine were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 49.0, 22.7, 9.03, 2.13, 0.37, and 0.09 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg one shot intravenous injections, mean serum concentrations were 117.5, 68.0, 26.2, 8.80, 0.63 and 0.19 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg intravenous drip infusions over 1 hour, mean concentrations were 57.1, 78.8, 12.9, 1.12 and 0.23 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. Mean half-lives were 0.69 hour for 20 mg/kg one shot injections, 0.44 hour for 40 mg/kg one shot injections, and 0.58 hour for 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusions. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hour after administration were 70.8% (mean) for the 20 mg/kg one shot injection, 44.1% (1 case) for the 40 mg/kg one shot injection, and 60.0% (mean) for the 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusion. CZON was administered in 26 cases of pediatric infections, and the clinical efficacy, antibacterial activity, and side effects were evaluated. Of the 26 cases 2 were excluded for the reason of not having bacterial infection, and the remaining 24 cases were assessed. Included in the 24 cases were 16 cases of acute pneumonia, 2 cases of acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 1 case each of acute bronchitis, acute purulent otitis media, acute apical periodontitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), acute pyelonephritis, and acute enteritis. Clinical efficacy evaluation showed 19 excellent cases and 5 good cases, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus 1 strain, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 strain, beta-Streptococcus 1 strain, Haemophilus influenzae 10 strains, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1 strain, Proteus mirabilis 1 strain, and Campylobacter jejuni 1 strain were determined or assumed as pathogens, but all of them were eradicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 361 84

We reviewed the clinical features of 100 cases of the sickle cell chest syndrome in 57 pediatric patients hospitalized with radiographic findings of pulmonary or pleural disease. Pulmonary infiltration was more common in the lower lobes (86%) than in the upper (25%) or middle lobes (22%). Pleural effusions were present in 38% of cases. Chest syndrome was recognized on presentation in 79% of cases, but was recognized only later in 21% of patients admitted for other indications. Patients recognized initially were more often febrile on admission (68%) than were subsequently recognized patients (33%) (p less than 0.01), but fever eventually occurred in 99 of 100 cases. Pain was an antecedent or coincident problem in 67% of cases. Median hospital stay was 7 days in those 58 cases in which narcotics were given, but only 4 days in those 42 cases in which narcotics were not administered (p less than 0.001). Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine had been administered to 44 of our 57 patients at some time before their hospitalizations, and 18 patients had been on oral penicillin prophylaxis. Blood was cultured in 93 cases and in only two instances grew Streptococcus pneumoniae. Serologic evidence of Hemophilus influenzae type b infection was found in two additional patients. We conclude that the sickle cell chest syndrome is an acute febrile pulmonary disease frequently associated with pain and/or narcotic analgesic therapy but infrequently associated with proven bacterial infection.
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PMID:Acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease. A retrospective analysis of 100 hospitalized cases. 374 Mar 65

We have followed 46 children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. Twenty-six patients had at least one episode of serious bacterial infection. Twenty-seven episodes of sepsis were documented in 21 patients. Soft tissue infection was common in both the presence and the absence of documented bacteremia. Urinary tract infection commonly presented as worsening diarrhea in the absence of sepsis. Organisms commonly isolated included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Salmonella sp. Staphylococcal infection accompanied episodes of cellulitis/abscess. Escherichia coli commonly caused urinary tract infection in the absence of sepsis. Enteric and nosocomial sepsis was limited to hospitalized, instrumented patients or to individuals who had received prior antibiotic therapy as outpatients. We conclude that bacterial infection causes serious morbidity in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex and may be further evidence for altered humoral immunity in the disorder.
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PMID:Bacterial infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of children. 390 Sep 44

Imipenem is the first of a new class of beta-lactam antimicrobial agents with potent in vitro activity against most bacterial pathogens that cause infections in children. We studied, prospectively, the clinical efficacy and toxicity of imipenem/cilastatin in 40 children with proved or suspected bacterial infection. A dose of 100 mg/kg/day of imipenem was given to children younger than 3 years of age, while children older than 3 years of age received 60 mg/kg/day. Twenty-nine organisms were isolated from 26 patients. Infections treated included cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, lymphadenitis, renal infections, wound infections, and pneumonia. Bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All patients responded favorably to treatment, with defervescence and improvement of symptoms. All of the infecting bacteria were susceptible to imipenem. Imipenem/cilastatin was well tolerated, with no serious side effects, and appeared to be an effective and safe antimicrobial agent in the treatment of the population studied.
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PMID:Imipenem/cilastatin for the treatment of infections in hospitalized children. 390 6


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