Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intracellular events following infection of competent Haemophilus influenzae cells by N3 phage or transfection by DNA from phage were examined. After infection by whole phage three forms of intracellular phage DNA were observed by sedimentation velocity analysis. These forms are probably twisted circles, open circles and linear duplexes. In transfection only about 15% of the phage DNA is efficiently taken up by the competent cells. After entry of phage DNA into wild-type cells in transfection the DNA is degraded at early times, but later some of the fragments are reassembled, resulting in molecules that sediment faster than the monomer length of phage DNA. These presumably concatamer forms are generated by recombination. In strain rec-1 the fast-sedimenting molecules do not appear and degradation of phage DNA is even more pronounced than in the wild-type cells. Since rec-1 is transfected with much lower efficiency than the wild-type our hypothesis is that both fragmentation and generation of fast-sedimenting phage DNA by recombination are required for efficient transfection. These results also show that although phage N3 codes for its own recombination system it cannot operate in the early stages of transfection and succesful transfection is entirely dependent upon the host recombination system.
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PMID:Bacteriophage N3 of Haemophilus influenzae. IV. Intracellular events during infection by Haemophilus influenzae phage and transfection by its DNA. 615 43

A new plasmid cloning vehicle (pDM2) was used to introduce a library of Haemophilus influenzae chromosomal fragments into H. influenzae. Transformants of the highly recombination-defective rec-1 mutant were more likely to contain exclusively recombinant plasmids after exposure to ligated DNA mixtures than was the wild type. pDM2 could replicate in Escherichia coli K-12.
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PMID:A plasmid cloning vehicle for Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli. 628 3

It has been suggested that the therapeutic use of oral chloramphenicol in animals is liable to select resistance to antibiotics and that the resistance may jeopardise the treatment of infections in man. At present this risk appears minimal; resistance to chloramphenicol in animal bacteria may well be selected by the increasing use of semi-synthetic penicillins because of linkage between genes coding for production of beta-lactamase and resistance to chloramphenicol. Among salmonellae, the strains causing enteric fever have no animal reservoir and the few food poisoning incidents in man that require therapy can be treated with antibacterial agents such as trimethoprim. Chloramphenicol is not now the antibiotic of choice for any human infection except perhaps a few caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Resistance to antibiotics in 'human' cultures has largely been selected by the use of antibiotics in human medicine. Control of salmonellosis is essentially a public health, not a therapeutic problem.
Vet Rec 1984 Jan 07
PMID:Does the use of chloramphenicol in animals jeopardise the treatment of human infections? 636 4

A ligase gene from Haemophilus influenzae was cloned into the shuttle vector pDM2 . Although the plasmid did not affect X-ray sensitivity, it caused an increase in UV sensitivity of the wild-type but not excision-defective H. influenzae and a decrease in UV sensitivity of the rec-1 mutant.
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PMID:Plasmid containing a DNA ligase gene from Haemophilus influenzae. 637 28

A mutant of Haemophilus influenzae, designated HM5, carrying a mutation in the rec-1 gene region, is described. This mutant transformed approximately 100-fold less well than does the wild type, but approximately 100-fold better than rec1 mutants. The mutant was less sensitive to UV irradiation and less "reckless" than rec1 mutants. In contrast to rec1 lysogens, HP1c1 lysogens of the mutant were inducible, and during transformation, recombinant-type activity was formed to the same extent as in the wild type. Although the integration of donor DNA was complete, the integrated DNA was not replicated at 36 degrees C. Both the inhibition of replication of the donor-recipient DNA complex and the transformation deficiency could be suppressed when, after DNA entry, the cells were incubated under suboptimal conditions. The loss of colony formation after UV irradiation was suppressible by the same conditions.
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PMID:Characterization of a conditionally transformation-deficient mutant of Haemophilus influenzae that carries a mutation in the rec-1 gene region. 640 7

In the HM5 mutant of Haemophilus influenzae, which carries a mutation in the rec-1 gene region and in which the replication of donor-recipient DNA complexes formed in transformation is inhibited, the transformation frequency could be greatly enhanced by inhibition of protein synthesis during transformation, indicating that transformation in the HM5 mutant induces the synthesis of a protein that inhibits the replication of the donor-recipient DNA complexes. This induction occurred in an early step of the recombination. Synthesis of the wild-type Rec-1 protein after transformation of the HM5 mutant with wild-type DNA could diminish the inhibiting effect on DNA replication. The HM5 mutant synthesized an altered Rec-1 protein (molecular weight, 38,000) whose pI differed from that of the wild type. As a result of the mutation in the rec-1 gene, two other proteins (molecular weights, 37,500 and 43,000) are lacking in the HM5 mutant.
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PMID:Inhibition of DNA replication by transformation in a Haemophilus influenzae mutant carrying an altered Rec-1 protein. 660 58

In transformation of Haemophilus influenzae, donor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enters into competent cells in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which prevents the formation of single stranded regions in the donor DNA that has entered. If after entry of DNA the recipient cells were first incubated at 17 degrees C and then at 37 degrees C in the continuous presence of EDTA, almost no integration occurred. On the other hand, if after entry of DNA the cells were incubated first at 17 degrees C in the absence of EDTA, allowing the generation of single-stranded regions (integration is blocked at this temperature), and then at 37 degrees C in the presence of EDTA, donor-recipient DNA complexes were formed. These results suggest that single-stranded regions are required for integration. Integration to completion was strongly inhibited by EDTA. In a rec-1 mutant of H. influenzae no donor-recipient DNA complexes carrying recombinant-type activity were formed during incubation at 37 degrees C in the absence of EDTA. If rec-1 cells were incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of EDTA, which strongly inhibited breakdown of DNA, donor-recipient DNA complexes were formed if previously single-stranded regions in the donor DNA that had entered were generated by incubation at 17 degrees C in the absence of EDTA. This suggests that the rec-1 protein protects the initial donor-recipient DNA complex against degradation, so that further steps in the recombination process can proceed.
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PMID:Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on deoxyribonucleic acid entry and recombination in transformation of a wild-type strain and a rec-1 mutant of Haemophilus influenzae. 678 89

The highly recombination-deficient rec-1 mutants of Haemophilus influenzae are, as far as tested, equivalent to recA mutants of Escherichia coli. By selection for mutations in the rec-1 gene of H. influenzae, mutants designated ird (intermediary recombination-deficient) mutants were isolated; these mutants were much less recombination deficient (degree of transformability, 0.2 to 30% of wild-type value) than previously isolated rec-1 mutants (degree of transformability, 0.0001% of wild-type value). The ird mutants were more sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation and mytomycin C treatment than the wild type, but less sensitive than rec-1 mutants. Spontaneous production of phage HP1c1 by lysogenic MC11 cells and prophage induction by mitomycin C or ultraviolet irradiation were the same as in the wild type. In the ird mutants endogenous deoxyribonucleic acid was degraded both spontaneously and after ultraviolet irradiation to the same extent as in the wild type. Examination of one of the ird mutants revealed that recombination could be enhanced by ultraviolet irradiation, possibly because of an increased synthesis of the rec-1 gene product induced by ultraviolet irradiation.
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PMID:Properties of Haemophilus influenzae mutants that are slightly recombination deficient and carry a mutation in the rec-1 gene region. 696 28

Prophage S2 could be induced by psoralen plus near-UV light (PNUV) from a wild-type strain of Haemophilus influenzae, from UV light-sensitive strains uvr-1 and uvr-2 and PNUV-sensitive strains PSO1 amd PSO7, but not from a recombination-deficient strain, rec-1. The levels of prophage induction were comparable in the wild type and an ATP-dependent DNase-deficient strain, KW31, even though the PNUV-induced degradation in the latter strain was considerably lower. Prophage induction could be observed even with chloramphenicol present before, during, and 30 min after PNUV treatment.
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PMID:Genetic control of prophage induction in haemophilus influenzae after exposure to psoralen plus near-UV light. 696 58

A plasmid containing a single cloned insertion of Haemophilus influenzae chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid that carried a novobiocin resistance marker was 2.6 times larger than the parent plasmid, RSF0885, which conferred ampicillin resistance. The most frequent type of transformation by this plasmid (designated pNov1) was the transfer of novobiocin resistance to the chromosome, with the loss of the plasmid from the recipient. In accord with this observation, after radioactively labeled pNov1 entered a competent cell, it lost acid-insoluble counts, as well as biological activity. The level of ampicillin transformation, which involved establishment of the plasmid, was almost two orders of magnitude lower than the level of novobiocin transformation. Both types of transformation were depressed profoundly in rec-1 and rec-2 mutants. Ampicillin transformants of wild-type cells always contained plasmids that were the same size as pNov1, although most of these transformants were not novobiocin resistant. Plasmid pNov1 in wild-type cells but not in rec-1 or rec-2 cells often recombined with the chromosome, causing a homologous region of the chromosome to be substituted for part of the plasmid, as shown by restriction and genetic analyses. Our data suggested that plasmid-chromosome recombination took place only around the time when the plasmid entered a cell, rather than after it became established.
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PMID:Transformation of Haemophilus influenzae by plasmid RSF0885 containing a cloned segment of chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. 697 74


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