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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although chronic infection with hepatitis C (HCV) and B viruses (HBV) are important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), their relative roles in causing liver cancer remain poorly defined, particularly in developed Western countries. Thirty-one patients with HCC seen at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health between 1986 and 1992 were evaluated serologically for evidence of HBV and HCV infection: antibodies to HBV and HCV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were detected by conventional immunoassays, and HCV RNA and HBV DNA were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serologic evidence of HBV infection was found in 18 patients (56%), 17 with antibodies, 16 with HBV DNA, and 14 with HBsAg. Evidence of HCV infection was found in 10 patients (32%), seven of whom also had HCV RNA. One patient had both anti-HCV and HBsAg. In comparison to patients with HBV-related HCC, those with HCV-related cancer were older and more likely to be white, to have been born in the United States, to have a history of parenteral exposure, and to have cirrhosis. In two patients in whom the course of hepatitis C could be traced from its onset, hepatocellular carcinoma developed after 5 years in one and after 9 years in another case. Thus chronic HCV infection is a common etiology of cirrhosis among United States patients with HCC, often as a late complication of intravenous drug abuse or blood transfusion.
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PMID:Development of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C viral infection. 752 58

Serum alphafoetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen were estimated by radioimmuno-assay and haemagglutination methods respectively in 42 Nigerian adults comprising 14 subjects in each of three groups, viz, controls, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. At an abnormal concentration of serum alphafoetoprotein greater than 200 micrograms/L, a correct diagnosis of primary liver cancer was made in 64.3% of the patients at a specificity of 100%. However, no correlation was found between serum concentrations of alphafoeto-protein and status of hepatitis B surface antigen in the patients with primary liver cancer. It may be concluded that serum alphafoeto-protein is useful in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigerians and secretion of the onco-foetal protein by neoplastic hepatocytes is unlikely to be influenced by hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Serum alphafoetoprotein, hepatitis B virus infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigerians. 753 84

Subclinical hepatocellular carcinoma (SCHCC) is defined as HCC without obvious HCC symptoms and signs. During 1958-1991, 391 patients with SCHCC were analyzed. In the entire series, 1) 67.3% was detected by natural population screening using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serosurvey, while the others were discovered by high-risk population screening or regular health checkup using AFP and/or ultrasonography (US); 2) AFP > 20 micrograms/L was found in 77.6% of patients; 3) serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 68.9%; 4) associated liver cirrhosis occurred in 89.1%; 5) the median tumor size was 5 cm, and small HCC (< or = 5 cm) amounted to 61.1%; 6) resection was done in 81.4%, and limited resection was performed in the majority (71.3%); 7) re-resection for subclinical recurrence was done in 44 patients; and 8) cytoreduction and sequential resection was carried out in 13 patients with unresectable SCHCC. Comparison between SCHCC and clinical HCC (n = 1,251) revealed higher resectability (81.4% vs. 46.8%), lower operative mortality (1.9% vs. 6.0%), and higher 5-year survival (entire series: 50.7% vs. 20.6%; resection: 60.5% vs. 36.8%). It is concluded that the study of SCHCC has resulted in marked improvement of ultimate outcome of HCC; screening in high-risk populations using AFP and/or US, limited resection, and re-resection for subclinical recurrence are some of the key features.
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PMID:Subclinical hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 391 patients. 768 16

To investigate clinicopathologic characteristics of primary liver cancer (PLC) in young adults, 77 patients younger than 35 years were compared with 603 patients older than 35 years during the same period. In the young patients, PLC showed a low incidence of PLC detected at mass survey (young 15.6% versus older 28.7%, P < 0.05); a low incidence of hepatitis history (young 36.8% versus older 66.3%, P < 0.01); a high incidence of positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) (young 79.2% versus older 67.6%, P < 0.05); a low incidence of associated cirrhosis (young 64.9% versus older 90.7%, P < 0.01); larger tumor size (PLC > 5cm; young 87.0% versus older 73.0%, P < 0.01); a more advanced stage of the disease in TNM classification (stage III; young 29.9% versus older 18.2%, P < 0.05). It is suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV) may play an important role in the development of PLC without associated liver cirrhosis in the young patients. A close periodic surveillance of young adults with a positive HBsAg is important to detect PLC at an early stage.
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PMID:[Clinicopathologic characteristics of primary liver cancer in patients younger than 35 years]. 778 53

A double case control study evaluated the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), alcohol drinking, and tobacco smoking as potential risk factors for cepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fifty-one patients with HCC, 34 of whom had underlying cirrhosis, were analyzed against 51 hospital controls and 34 patients with cirrhosis, respectively. Sera from patients of all three groups were tested for HBV markers and anti-HCV antibodies. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect HCV RNA in the anti-HCV-positive samples. Alcohol drinking and smoking habits were recorded for all patients. HCC risk was significantly related to the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [relative risk (RR) = 18], HCV infection (RR = 8), and alcohol abuse (RR = 4). When the presence of cirrhosis was taken into account, only HBsAg positivity was significantly associated with HCC development (RR = 6.7), indicating that HCV infection and alcohol abuse are related to HCC indirectly through the cirrhotic process. No significant interaction between HCV and HBV infection in the causation of HCC was found. Through the computation of population-attributable risk, it was found that 46% of the HCC cases in Greece could be attributed to HBsAg positivity but only 4% to HCV infection. In conclusion, HBV infection is the major risk factor in the development of HCC in Greece, either by inducing cirrhosis or by direct oncogenic effect. HCV infection is also related to HCC development, albeit indirectly through the cirrhotic process.
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PMID:The leading role of hepatitis B and C viruses as risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. A case control study. 779 31

Nigeria is a very high risk area for primary hepatocellular carcinoma and this is the first study to utilize measurements of both hepatitis B virus status and aflatoxin levels in the same patients to determine the role of these factors in the causation of liver cancer in this environment. We have shown that there is a higher prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (P < 0.005) and higher 'pathologic' serum levels of aflatoxins (P < 0.05) in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma than in matched controls. It is considered that the results of this study may strengthen the hypothesis that hepatitis B virus may be an important aetiological factor in the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Further work is in progress to correlate the level of aflatoxin serum albumin adducts with liver damage in order to assess the value of the albumin adduct as a marker of risk of liver cancer development.
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PMID:HBsAg, aflatoxins and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 783 21

During a 16-month period in 1991-1992, blood samples and questionnaire data were obtained from 65 incident cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as from 2 control groups of hospitalized patients matched on gender and age, which included 65 metastatic liver cancer (MLC) patients and 65 patients hospitalized for eye, ear, nose or throat conditions. Coded sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, antibody to HBsAg and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by enzyme immunoassay. The odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) in logistic regression modeling comparing the HCC cases to the combined control series were 18.8 (8.2-43.2) for the presence of HBsAg and 7.7 (1.7-35.1) for anti-HCV. In the present hospital-based case-control study anti-HCV testing was conducted on recently collected sera, using a second-generation enzyme immunoassay with confirmation by immunoblot assay. Comparisons with previous work in a similar population demonstrated that, when second-generation anti-HCV assays are applied to sera stored for 7-15 years, confirmatory assays or a higher diagnostic cut-off point may be necessary to ensure that the testing is specific.
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PMID:A case-control study of hepatitis B and C virus infections in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. 786 Jan 36

Potential risk factors for the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and the prevalence and role of infection with viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C were investigated in 54 adult patients of Bangladeshi origin (45 male, age range 20-75 years), comprising 46 patients resident in Bangladesh (Group 1) and 8 patients who had emigrated to the UK 10-20 years previously (Group 2). Of the 46 patients in Group 1 (37 male), 16 had hepatocellular carcinoma, 10 had uncomplicated cirrhosis, and 20 had a clinical history of chronic viral hepatitis of more than 6 months' duration. Total hepatitis B virus marker positivity was 82.6%, significantly higher than in Group 2 patients (P < 0.001). Thirty-six per cent were hepatitis B surface antigen positive, 66% were hepatitis Be antigen positive and 45.3% were positive for hepatitis C virus antibody. Taking only the 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity was 38%, hepatitis Be antigen 66% and positivity to hepatitis C virus antibody was 56%. The 8 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Group 2 were all male and aged between 45 and 56 years. Of these, 3 (38%) cases were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody and none was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody to hepatitis C virus (3 cases tested). Presenting features of HCC in the two groups differed with a short clinical history of tender abdominal mass in Group 1 and a gradual onset of jaundice in Group 2 UK-resident Bangladeshi subjects.
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PMID:Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis B and C infection in Bangladeshi subjects. 786 82

Woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen (WHsAg) stimulated hepatocytes in culture to produce nitric oxide (NO.), as evidenced by the accumulation of nitrite in the medium. NO. synthesis by hepatocytes was positively correlated with WHsAg concentration. WHsAg-induced NO. synthesis was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and anti-WHsAg antibody. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an increase in NO. formation by a viral antigen. These data, when considered in the light of the known genotoxicity of NO., raise the possibility that viral hepatitis increases the risk of liver cancer by increasing the production of NO.. Long-term elevated production of NO. free radicals due to stimulation by WHsAg in chronic hepatitis may directly cause reactions with cellular DNA leading to mutagenesis, as well as the formation of hepatocarcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. This provides a new mechanism by which hepatitis B virus infection might hypothetically increase the risk of liver cancer.
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PMID:Woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen induces nitric oxide synthesis in hepatocytes: possible role in hepatocarcinogenesis. 800 Dec 49

Mortality rates from liver cancer among Koreans living in Osaka are 2-3 times higher than those among Japanese. Our previous study revealed that chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and excessive alcohol drinking are two major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among Koreans in Osaka, although more than 70% of the HCC cases were negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Using a recently developed immunoassay for detecting serum hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab), the role of HCV infection was evaluated in a case-control study. The case group consisted of 90 Korean patients who were admitted to Kyowa Hospital in Osaka, and were newly diagnosed as HCC during the period from January 1989 to December 1992. The control group consisted of 249 Korean patients admitted to Kyowa Hospital during the same period and matched in age groups to the HCC cases. Seventy-four and 16.7% of cases were positive for HCV-Ab and age groups to the HCC cases. Seventy-four and 16.7% of cases were positive for HCV-Ab and HBsAg, respectively. Besides, 41.1% of cases were heavy drinkers. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the adjusted relative risk was 92.4 for HCV-Ab positive and 58.2 for HBsAg positive, as compared with both HCV-Ab and HBsAg negative. Elevated risk was also demonstrated for males with a history of heavy drinking. There was no significant association between the risk of HCC and a history of blood transfusion or cigarette smoking. It was concluded that chronic HCV infection plays a major role in the etiology of HCC among Koreans living in Osaka, in addition to HBV and heavy drinking.
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PMID:Case-control study of hepatocellular carcinoma among Koreans living in Osaka, Japan. 807 Nov 8


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