Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 2880 men and 1054 women who were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen positive by the Blood Transfusion Service in England and Wales between 1971 and 1981, more than 92% were traced to the end of 1983. 5 deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma had been reported in men, giving a relative risk compared with the male population of England and Wales as a whole of 42. There had been no deaths from liver cancer in women. In both men and women there was a greater than ten-fold increase in the risk of death from chronic liver disease. Secondary preventive action may be indicated.
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PMID:Mortality of hepatitis B positive blood donors in England and Wales. 285 35

Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-absorbant assay using a synthetic peptide analogue of pre-S2 protein, in different groups of hepatitis-B-infected subjects, including patients presenting with cirrhosis and liver cancer, and also in infants immunized with hepatitis B vaccine. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were not detected in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) chronic carriers, including patients with cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were not detected in HBsAg-positive sera during the early phase of acute hepatitis. They were only noted upon recovery, when anti-HBs antibodies are detectable at the same time as HBsAg. After recovery, anti-pre-S2 antibodies were noted in 57% of test sera and were still detectable in 16% of anti-HBs-positive sera obtained years after HBV infection. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were detected in 70% of infants immunized with 2 or 5 micrograms doses of Hevac B Pasteur vaccine, confirming that this vaccine contains pre-S2 antigen. Anti-pre-S2 detection was correlated with the anti-HBs antibody titre.
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PMID:Anti-pre-S2 antibodies in natural hepatitis B virus infection and after immunization. 297 89

Surgically resected specimens, consisting of tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissue, were obtained from 40 patients with primary liver cancer at Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, the People's Republic of China, between March 1983 and July 1984. All were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), one being admixed with cholangiocarcinoma. The relationship of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers with iron and ferritin was evaluated in liver tissues from patients with primary liver cancers. The serum HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) positive rate was 80.0% (32/40). Cirrhosis was observed in 97.5% (39/40). HBsAg was identified in 82.5% (33/40) of uninvolved liver, and 35.0% (14/40) of HCC tissues (P less than 0.001). HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen) was detected in 25.0% (10/40) of liver, and 7.5% (3/40) of HCC tissues (P less than 0.05). Stainable iron was found in 65.0% (26/40) of unaffected livers, and 10.0% (4/40) of HCC tissues (P less than 0.001). Ferritin was demonstrated in 75% (30/40) of non-neoplastic liver, and 40% (16/40) of HCC tissues (P less than 0.001). Twenty-two of 33 HCC patients (66.7%) with HBsAg positive cells in their livers also showed stainable iron. Of 16 patients positive for ferritin in HCC cells, iron was found in only two. Iron was found in nine of ten patients with HBcAg in non-neoplastic hepatocytes (P = 0.056); a finding compatible with the hypothesis that iron accumulates in cells replicating HBV. The other results indicate that: immunohistologic ferritin in HCC is not due to increased stainable iron; tumor cells may produce ferritin; polyclonal antibodies to human liver ferritin react better with non-neoplastic hepatocytes than with HCC cells; the high prevalence of HBsAg and cirrhosis in HCC suggests that HBV plays a major etiologic role in hepatocarcinogenesis in China; and one case of HCC is attributed to Schistosoma japonicum infestation via cirrhosis.
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PMID:Iron, ferritin, hepatitis B surface and core antigens in the livers of Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 302 1

This is a retrospective review of 43 patients who had primary liver cancer diagnosed during 1974-1983. Patients' ages ranged from 27 to 84 years (median 52.5). Nine of 39 patients with hepatoma were females, while two of the four patients with cholangiocarcinoma were women. Hepatitis surface antigen was positive in 90% tested, and 62% had cirrhosis. Also, 60-65% were heavy users of alcohol and cigarettes. Alpha-fetoprotein was elevated in one of four white patients, and in six of eight patients of other races (75%). Tissue diagnosis was obtained by peritoneoscopy in 16, by percutaneous biopsy in 7, by laparotomy in 9, and at autopsy in 11. Only one of 11 patients who were explored has his lesion resected. About half of the cases diagnosed antemortem died 1 month or less after diagnosis. The median survival of hepatoma patients who had no specific treatment or systemic chemotherapy was 2 months. Two patients who received chemotherapy in conjunction with occlusion of the hepatic artery lived 16 to 19 months.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer in a referral hospital in Hawaii. 303 54

Long term follow up of 16 homosexual men and 78 intravenous drug abusers who were chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) showed fundamental differences between the two groups. Viral replication, expressed by the presence of hepatitis B e antigen, lasted for four years or more in 10 out of 14 (71%) of the homosexual men whereas it was not present in 43 out of 73 (59%) of the drug addicts within one year. This shows a difference in the immunological response between homosexual HBsAg carriers and addicts that is not related to infection with human T cell lymphotropic virus type III. Severe histological damage such as chronic aggressive hepatitis, cirrhosis, or primary liver cancer was found in more than half of the homosexual men who underwent biopsy examinations. In drug addicts chronic persistent hepatitis was a regular finding in the absence of markers of delta infection, but in those addicts infected with the delta agent the degree of liver damage was comparable with that found in homosexual men.
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PMID:Long term follow up of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in intravenous drug abusers and homosexual men. 308 9

A study was carried out in Swaziland to assess the relationship between aflatoxin exposure, hepatitis B infection, and the incidence of liver-cell carcinoma, which is the most commonly occurring malignancy among males in Swaziland. Levels of aflatoxin intake were evaluated in dietary samples from households across the country, and crop samples taken from representative farms. Prevalence of hepatitis B markers was estimated from the serum of blood donors, and liver cancer incidence was recorded for the years 1979-83 through a national system of cancer registration. Across 4 broad geographic regions, there was a more than 5-fold variation in the estimated daily intake of aflatoxin, ranging from 3.1 to 17.5 micrograms. The proportion of HBV-exposed individuals was very high (86% in men), but varied relatively little by geographic region; the prevalence of carriers of the surface antigen was 23% in men, and varied from 21 to 28%. Liver cancer incidence varied over a 5-fold range, and was strongly associated with estimated levels of aflatoxin. In an analysis involving 10 smaller subregions, aflatoxin exposure emerged as a more important determinant of the variation in liver cancer incidence than the prevalence of hepatitis infection. Aflatoxin estimates from crop samples appeared to be a reasonable surrogate for dietary measurements. A comparison with dietary aflatoxin levels measured in an earlier survey in Swaziland suggested that programmes aimed at reducing contamination levels had had some success.
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PMID:Aflatoxin exposure, hepatitis B virus infection and liver cancer in Swaziland. 357 May 47

Complexes between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) have been detected in acute type B hepatitis. Sequential serum testing for the presence of these complexes has been shown to be the best method for predicting disease chronicity. The presence of HBsAg/IgM complexes was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with selected sera from Senegal. The three population groups studied were composed of 405 Senegalese soldiers as well as 84 liver cirrhosis and 169 primary liver cancer patients. Only one of the 122 HBsAg negative sera tested was found to be positive for HBsAg/IgM complexes. Complexes were detected 13.9% of the HBsAg positive soldiers, in 40% of the HBsAg positive liver cirrhosis patients, and in 50% of the HBsAg positive primary liver cancer patients. HBsAg/IgM complexes were also detected in 53.6% of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBe) positive soldiers, compared to 75 and 76% for the HBeAg positive liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer patients, respectively. In anti-HBe positive sera, an increased proportion of HBsAg/IgM complexes was observed during the sequence chronic hepatitis (5%)-cirrhosis (29%)-primary liver cancer (42%). On the other hand, it has been reported that in the sequence of events leading from chronic hepatitis to primary liver cancer, there is an increase in anti-HBeAg prevalence and in alpha-fetoprotein levels. In this study, only alpha-fetoprotein levels were found to increase. Values higher than 15 IU/ml were observed in 4.3, 27.3, and 86.4% of the HBsAg positive individuals from the three groups. No significant variation was observed in the anti-HBe prevalence between the population group (64-75%).
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PMID:Persistence of circulating complexes between HBsAg and immunoglobulin M in sera of hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients suffering from liver cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. 394 6

A 10-year prospective cohort study was made of 495 male hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers aged over 40 at entry. The observed/expected mortality rate ratio of primary liver cancer (PLC) was 10.40, based on the general population in Japan. The annual incidence rate of PLC (including 2 survivals) was 365/100,000 person-years. All histologically confirmed cases of PLC were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The chronic HBsAg carrier state is suggested to be a risk factor of HCC.
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PMID:A prospective cohort study of hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in a working population. 608 48

Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay for 80 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), 40 with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 204 controls; all were Caucasians of Greek nationality. Among histologically confirmed PHC cases, 62% had more than 1000 International Units per millilitre (IU/ml) AFP. Only one case with MLC (3%) exceeded 1000 IU/ml AFP, but lower elevations were not uncommon (13%). Among controls, none exceeded 40 IU/ml. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected among 6% of 17 histologically confirmed PHC patients with AFP less than 100 IU/ml and 60% of 63 PHC patients with more than 100 IU/ml of AFP (p < 0.001). Control subjects positive for HBsAg had significantly higher AFP values compared to those negative for it (P < 0.01) and male controls had slightly higher AFP values than female controls.
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PMID:Alphafetoprotein levels of liver cancer patients and controls in a European population. 615 54

A human primary liver cancer cell line which retains the property of synthesizing hepatitis B surface antigen has been successfully transplanted into nude (athymic) mice. The morphology of the heterotransplanted tumor is similar to that of a well-differentiated human primary liver cell cancer. It produces hepatitis B surface antigen, but there is no evidence of hepatitis B virion production: Hepatitis B core antigen is not detected in the PLC tissue, and serum is negative for hepatitis B e antigen. The nude mouse exhibits a resistance to the transplantation of the human primary liver cancer cells which can be modified by sublethal total body irradiation, suggesting involvement of an immunologic rejection mechanism. The heterotransplanted primary liver cell cancer also produces alpha-fetoprotein, as did the original tumor in vivo, although this marker was not detected during in vitro cell culture. The serum level of alpha-fetoprotein rises exponentially, enabling quantitative evaluation of tumor growth. The human primary liver cell cancer in nude mice provides an in vivo model for determination of tumor response to chemotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and alpha-fetoprotein secreting human primary liver cell cancer in athymic mice. 615 47


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