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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To provide clues to the causes of liver cancer in China, we studied the correlation of certain dietary and biochemical markers with liver cancer mortality across 65 Chinese counties. Mortality rates were significantly linked to the county-wide prevalence of hepatitis-B surface antigen positivity. Rates were also higher in counties with high plasma levels of total cholesterol and high consumption of liquor, rapeseed oil, and mouldy corn, while inverse associations were observed for wheat consumption. All of the observed associations, except those with cholesterol and rapeseed oil, were more pronounced in men than in women. No significant correlations with liver cancer mortality were found for consumption of several other foods; plasma levels of retinol, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, zinc and ferritin; or urine levels of aflatoxin B1. Although causal inferences cannot be derived, this ecological study suggests that chronic infection with hepatitis-B virus contributes to the substantial variation in liver cancer mortality in China, and provides leads for further studies into the role of dietary and nutritional determinants.
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PMID:Correlates of liver cancer mortality in China. 206 44

The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan analyzed statistically 12,887 cases of primary liver cancer diagnosed from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1985 in more than 500 institutes throughout the country. The study was based on the answers to 258 questions. There were 4354 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 256 cases of cholangiocellular carcinoma, 49 cases of mixed carcinoma, 22 cases of hepatoblastoma, 10 cases of sarcoma, and 74 other cases. The survey and analysis, based mainly on 4765 histologically proved cases, included gross anatomic and histologic features of the tumors, pathology of the noncancerous portion, distant metastases, past medical history, frequency of positive Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis B surface antibody, age distribution, various diagnostic procedures, surgical procedures, and survival rate in relation to operative curability and tumor stage.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer in Japan. Clinicopathologic features and results of surgical treatment. 215 91

A comprehensive cross-sectional survey was undertaken in The People's Republic of China of possible risk factors for primary liver cancer (PLC) to include 48 survey sites, an approximately 600-fold aflatoxin exposure range, a 39-fold range of PLC mortality rates, a 28-fold range of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg+) carrier prevalence, and estimation of exposures for a large number of other nutritional, dietary, and life-style features. PLC mortality was unrelated to aflatoxin intake (r = -0.17) but was positively correlated with HBsAg+ prevalence (P less than 0.001), plasma cholesterol (P less than 0.01), frequency of liquor consumption (P less than 0.01), and mean daily intake of cadmium from foods of plant origin (P less than 0.01). Multiple regression analyses for various combinations of risk factors showed that aflatoxin exposure consistently remained unassociated with PLC mortality regardless of variable adjustment. In contrast, associations of PLC mortality with HBsAg+, plasma cholesterol, and cadmium intake remained, regardless of model specification, while the association with liquor consumption was markedly attenuated (was nonsignificant) with adjustment for plasma cholesterol. The sharp contrast between the findings of no aflatoxin effect upon PLC prevalence in this survey and the positive correlation reported for previous but more restricted surveys is discussed. Based on the results of this survey and the data of laboratory animal and in vitro studies, an explanatory model for the etiology of PLC is proposed, taking into consideration the role of nutrition in the etiology of this disease.
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PMID:Nonassociation of aflatoxin with primary liver cancer in a cross-sectional ecological survey in the People's Republic of China. 206 37

The prognostic significance of positive serologic determination of hepatitis-B was investigated in 137 patients with primary liver cancer seen over a 6-year period in Pretoria. The median survival time of the 137 patients was 93 days. Patients who were anicteric had a longer survival. Patients who showed positive results for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) had a median survival time of 135 days, (39 patients) whereas patients who were HBsAg-negative had a median survival time of 96 days (66 patients). In 57 patients, one or more of the serologic determinations, HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBe, and/or anti-HBc, were positive. Their median survival was 118 days. When HBsAg positivity (or negativity) is corrected for bilirubin, the median survival time remains a function of the bilirubin.
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PMID:Hepatitis-B as a prognostic discriminant in patients with primary liver cancer. 241 84

For the evaluation of differential diagnostic parameters, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 26), liver cell adenoma (n = 4), focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 8), and secondary liver tumors (n = 15) were studied with histologic and immunohistochemical methods. The study was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and, in some cases, also on frozen sections. The diagnostic contribution of the demonstration of alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-antitrypsin, hepatitis B surface antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and biliary glycoprotein I (BGPI), compared with routine hematoxylin-eosin and reticulin stains was evaluated. For the differentiation between HCC, adenoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia, immunohistochemistry contributed less than the strict application of histologic criteria. Immunohistochemistry of CEA and BGPI, however, appeared to be of help in differentiating between primary and secondary liver tumors as follows: CEA is consistently absent in liver cell tumors, while a bile canalicular staining pattern was seen in 80% of HCC due to the presence of BGPI reactivity.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma, adenoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia. Comparative histopathologic study with immunohistochemical parameters. 243 May 47

Perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs in a high percentage of infants born to mothers who are acutely infected with the virus at the time of delivery or who are chronic carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The majority of infants who acquire the virus during the perinatal period and become HBV carriers have no clinical symptoms. However, there are reports of acute and fulminant hepatitis and even primary liver cancer occurring in a few HBsAg-positive infants. Immunoprophylaxis given to infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers at birth with a combination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective means of preventing the chronic HBV carrier state and its potential complications. In a multicenter trial in the United States, 85 to 90 percent of the children of HBsAg-positive mothers remained HBsAg-negative when treated with this combination regimen. Studies conducted outside the United States have yielded similar results. Other investigations indicate that the hepatitis B vaccine alone may be of value in preventing perinatal transmission of HBV in developing countries that are unable to afford hepatitis B immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Hepatitis B vaccination of neonates and children. 252 96

A total of 200 consecutive patients bearing histologically confirmed primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) were studied at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (CTH), Calabar, Nigeria in 5 years and compared with 150 patients with metastatic hepatic carcinoma (MHC). Four hundred symptomless non-icteric nontumor-bearing individuals were noncontemporaneous controls. Sera (a total of 750) were assayed for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). Specimens which were positive for HBsAg also were examined for hepatitis E antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe). The results show that PHC was associated with HBV seropositivity in 80% of patients, and postnecrotic (macronodular) cirrhosis of the liver in 90% clearly indicating a strong association between primary liver cancer and HBV infections and liver cirrhosis. The main factor associated with seropositivity among normal controls was a large number of therapeutic injections. Seropositives received over twice as many injections as seronegatives. Public health measures are urgently required to prevent parenteral transmission of HBV in Nigeria.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria. 282 23

Integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences were found in neoplastic liver tissue of a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative child who had previously suffered from HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis and was anti-HBs and anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) positive at the time of tumor development. Reintegration pattern was consistent with the presence of a single integration site of the HBV genome into cellular DNA, and clonal proliferation of such infected cells. A normal liver, tested in the same experiment with the same amount of total DNA, was negative for viral DNA sequences. These findings support the possible oncogenic role of HBV in the development of liver cancer, not only in adults, but also in children, even in patients who are negative for HBsAg at the time of tumor diagnosis.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA-positive hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatitis B virus infection in a child. 282 81

In order to examine the association between hepatitis B virus carriage and hepatocellular carcinoma 3,769 female hepatitis B surface antigen positive blood donors were followed-up from 1977 to 1985 in Fukuoka, Japan. The observed number of deaths was compared with the expected deaths calculated by applying cause- and age-specific death rates among females for Fukuoka in 1980 to age-specific population at risk of the subjects. Mortalities from all causes and from all malignant neoplasms were decreased. Mortality from liver cancer (or hepatocellular carcinoma) was specifically elevated as compared with the general population; where observed, expected deaths, and O/E were 4, 0.71, and 5.63, respectively (p less than 0.05). Population attributable risk was estimated to be 6.5%. These values were assumed to be somewhat underestimated, in part because of a healthy donor effect and limited observation period.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma among female Japanese hepatitis B virus carriers. 282 8

The relationships between the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), mean annual per capita alcohol consumption and primary liver cancer (PLC) death rates were explored in 30 countries. HBsAg prevalence was associated, significantly, with the logarithm of the primary liver cancer death rate (simple correlation coefficient = 0.44, p less than 0.05). This significant association increased following adjustment for a country's mean annual per capita alcohol consumption (partial correlation coefficient = 0.53, p less than 0.01). A logarithmic linear relationship was also found between per capita alcohol consumption and the primary liver cancer death rate after adjustment for the country's prevalence of HBsAg (partial correlation coefficient = 0.38, p less than 0.05). Results from both correlation and regression analyses showed that prevalence of HBsAg was more significantly associated with PLC death rates than was alcohol consumption. However, these two variables were independently related to the PLC death rate in a stepwise multiple regression model. We could not demonstrate an interaction between the two variables. These findings are consistent with the prevailing view that chronic hepatitis B infection is the major factor in the most common form of primary liver cell cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, they support the notion that alcohol consumption contributes significantly and independently, although probably to a lesser extent than hepatitis B, to deaths from that disease.
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PMID:Relationship between hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence, per capita alcohol consumption and primary liver cancer death rate in 30 countries. 284 10


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