Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) has become widely used in the treatment of HCC. However, the indications for this method are limited by the toxicity of ethanol itself. Against this background, the authors turned their attention to the heat coagulation necrosis effect induced by boiled physiological saline (hot water) and devised percutaneous hot water injection therapy (PHoT) as a new local treatment method. PHoT was performed a total of 41 times in 13 patients (16 nodules) with HCCs measuring < or = 3 cm. Changes in AFP values, CT findings, angiographic findings before and after treatment, and histopathological findings of needle biopsy or resected specimen were investigated. AFP values decreased in all of the seven patients who initially showed high values. On CT, all lesions receiving PHoT became hypodense, with this change thought to indicate necrosis. Disappearance of the tumor stain was confirmed in the four patients in whom follow-up angiography was performed. In the six patients in whom needle biopsy was performed, disappearance and scaring of tumor cells were observed, while in the one patient in whom the tumor was resected, complete necrosis of the tumor was confirmed. PHoT, despite a small number of punctures, shows good anti-tumor effects, and has promise not only as a curative local treatment method for small HCCs but also in combination with TAE for large HCCs.
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PMID:[Percutaneous hot water injection therapy (PHoT) for hepatic tumors: a clinical study]. 839 88

Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) appears to be a useful tumor marker for the evaluation of patients with HCC. DCP is produced by the malignant hepatocyte and appears to result from an acquired posttranslational defect in the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase system. DCP production is independent of vitamin K deficiency, although pharmacological doses of vitamin K can transiently suppress DCP production in some tumors. DCP levels greater than 0.1 AU/ml (100 ng/ml) on ELISA are highly suggestive of HCC or tumor recurrence. Normalization of DCP levels correlates well with successful tumor resection and appears to be an excellent marker of tumor activity. Plasma DCP does not correlate with AFP levels. However, when used together, DCP and AFP assays increase the sensitivity to HCC in more than 85% of patients. The specificity of the DCP assay appears to be superior to that of AFP; fewer than 5% of patients with nonmalignant liver disorders have DCP levels in excess of 100 ng/ml. In patients with medium to large HCC, DCP levels do correlate with tumor size. In tumors of less than 3 cm, DCP levels are increased in only 20% of patients. However, the diagnostic threshold for the DCP assay may be improved by newer assays that can detect partially carboxylated DCP species not measured by the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA.
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PMID:Des-gamma-carboxy (abnormal) prothrombin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a critical review. 840 74

A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of HCC with a thrombus growing from the right branch to the trunk of the portal vein. His hepatic functional reserve was fairly good. Serum levels of AFP and PIVKA-II were elevated to 1,780 ng/ml and 27 AU-ml, respectively. The hepatic arteriogram showed a hypervascular tumor approximately 4 cm in diameter in the right anterior segment and many ill-defined small tumor stains around the main tumor. Portal phase of superior mesenteric arteriogram revealed filling defect in the portal trunk, and no visualization of the right branch of portal vein. SMANCS-Lipiodol was infused via right hepatic artery, and Spongel was infused via right anterior branch of hepatic artery. Three months after the first therapy, the tumor markers normalized. A computed tomography scan showed that the main tumor and the tumor thrombus were markedly decreased in size, whereas the hepatic angiogram revealed tumor stains around the main tumor. SMANCS-Lipiodol was again infused via proper hepatic artery. He has remained well for 16 months after the first treatment. The combination of the arterial infusion of SMANCS-Lipiodol with the selective TAE was very effective for this case, probably because his hepatic functional reserve was fairly good and the left branch of portal vein was patent. It was suggested that SMANCS-Lipiodol with the selective TAE could be one therapy to be considered for a patient like this case.
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PMID:[A successful treatment using SMANCS-TAE for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the portal trunk]. 868 25

We analyzed the clinicopathological factors influencing the serum AFP levels at the time of diagnosis in 114 patients with resected HCC. The proportion of HCC patients with high serum AFP levels (> 100 ng/ml) has been steadily decreasing from a rate of 57.2% in 1980 to 33.3% in 1993. A significant relationship was noted between the serum AFP levels and the virus marker (p < 0.01) based on a multivariate analysis. The proportion of HCC patients with high serum AFP levels was significantly less in anti-HCV- positive HCC patients than in HBsAg-positive HCC patients (p < 0.01). The proportion of HBsAg-positive HCC patients has been steadily decreasing from a rate of 48% in 1980 to 15% in 1993. In contrast, the proportion of anti-HCV-positive HCC patients was 69% in 1993. It is thus assumed that the prevalence of anti-HCV-positive HCC patients is increasing recently, based on the fact that the incidence of HCC patients with high serum AFP levels is decreasing.
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PMID:The low positive rate of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in hepatitis C virus antibody-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 875 Nov 93

Treatment is always abandoned in those HCC with jaundice, because it is usually attributed to the underlying liver cirrhosis and extensive tumor. In this series, 7 cases (0.8%) of HCC with jaundice were caused by bile duct invasion and tumor thrombi (BTT). 57% of cases showed Charcot's triad. 57% of BTT were small HCC, significantly higher than the 1.7% of total cases (p<0.05). The growth pattern of BTT was all spreading type, significantly higher than the 42% of total operation cases (p<0.05). The DNA ploidy of BTT was all aneuploid. 57% of BTT had AFP level higher than 400 IU/ml, but it was 27% in total cases. The prognosis is poor in those treated with palliative tube drainage. Aggressive hepatic resection was proved to be safe and achieved the best results in our limited experience. Choledochotomy to remove tumor thrombi is contraindicated because it easily causes tumor seeding. It is advocated to search BTT for resection from the group of HCC with jaundice.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with biliary tumor thrombi. 902 91

The most frequent hepatobiliary diseases in Vietnam are chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, liver abscess, hepatobiliary ascaridiasis, angiocholitis, biliary lithiasis and primary liver cancer. The principal causes of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis are HBV and HCV infections. Alcohol and chemicals (drugs, agricultural, industrial, war herbicides) also play an important role. Malaria causes hepatitis and fibrosis lesions, however no cirrhotic lesions were observed. There are two categories of liver abscess, amoebic and cholangitic, often caused by ascaridiasis. Treatment of amoebic abscesses is, at first, non-surgical for small abscesses, often combined with ultrasound guided abscess puncture. Cholangitis abscesses are more serious and often require surgical intervention. Among the gallstones, only 15% are of the gall-bladder, the majority are choledocho- and intrahepatic-lithiasis, composed largely of calcium bilirubinate and are frequently caused by Ascaris-related cholangitis and the nucleation of Ascaris eggs. Forty-seven per cent of acute cholecystitis are acalculous, showing a higher frequency than in Western countries. Primary liver cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in Vietnam. More than 90% of liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas. The principal causes are HBV infection, followed by HCV infection, aflatoxin, alcohol and chemicals. Recent efforts aiming at earlier diagnosis, by selective screening in high-risk groups, have used clinical surveillance, abdominal sonography and AFP level determination. Promising results were obtained in prevention trials by reducing the high AFP level of cirrhotic patients using a vegetal drug, Gacavit, and by treatment with percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, as an alternative therapeutic measure for liver tumour resection.
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PMID:Some peculiarities of hepatobiliary diseases in Vietnam. 919 96

To investigate the reasons why primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) is prevalent in male, androgen receptors (AR) in cytoplasm and nucleus were quantitatively detected in tumor tissue and tumor-adjacent tissue of 23 patients with HCC and liver tissue of normal livers by means of receptor radio-ligand binding assay. The concentrations of AR in cytoplasm and nucleus were as follows: 0.20-5.30, 1.91-6.50 fmol/mg protein in normal liver tissue; 5.12-27.62, 10.73-47.18 fmol/mg protein in tumor tissue; and 3.18-14.98, 5.15-36.32 fmol/mg protein in tumor-surrounding tissue. The mean concentrations of AR in cytoplasm or nucleus decreased in the order of tumor tissue, tumor-surrounding tissue and normal liver tissue, and the differences among them were statistically significant. The concentration of AR in tumor tissue and tumor-adjacent tissue had no direct or indirect association with sex, age, abuse of alcohol, HBsAg, HBcAb, AFP, pathological type of tumor, differentiation degree of tumor cells and the underlying liver disease. The result suggests that the prevalence of HCC in male over in female in China may be somehow related to the expression of AR in tumor cells.
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PMID:[Androgen receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma and the surrounding liver tissues in China]. 938 58

A "dual-warhead missile" made of 131I-AFP monoclonal antibody conjugated with mitomycin C was prepared. Twelve patients with moderately advanced and advanced primary liver cancer (PLC) were treated by i.v. injection of the antibody preparation. Tumor decrease in size was observed in 45.5% of the treated patients and decline in serum AFP level was seen in 83.3%. The one-year survival rate was 45.5%. Antibody-targeted radio-chemotherapy is a treatment of choice for advanced PLC patients.
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PMID:[Antibody-targeted radio-chemotherapy of human primary liver cancer with radio-iodinated AFP monoclonal antibodies conjugated with mitomycin C: a preliminary clinical observation]. 938 78

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of early detection for primary liver cancer (PLC), a randomized, prospective study was performed in Shanghai from 1992 to 1995. The study population was 35 through 55 years of age, with serum evidence of HBV infection or tory of chronic hepatitis. Seventeen thousand nine hundred and twenty individuals were randomly to allocated screening group and control group. In the screening group, every individual was checked up by serum AFP test and ultrasound every 6 months and in the control group, they were unchecked. After a mean time of 1.2 years, 38 patients with PLC in the screening group were detected while 18 patients with PLC occur in the control group. In patients from the screening group, 76.8% were in subclinical stage, 70.6% of them were treated by surgical resection with 1-, 2-year survival rate of 88.1% and 77.5%, respectively. However, in the control group, none of patients was in subclinical stage, none of the tumors resected, and none of patients survived over 1 year. The lead time was estimated to be 0.45 years. The cost for detecting an early stage PLC patient is RMB 12,600 (US$1,500). The study indicates that screening in the high risk population of PLC can detect patients in early stage, increase the resection rate and the survival rate. Screening program for PLC carried out in high risk populations is thus recommended.
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PMID:[A prospective study of early detection for primary liver cancer]. 938 98

A Chinese herb, Bletilla striata, was used as embolizing agent in order to improve the therapeutic results of intervention treatment of liver cancer. From October 1991 to January 1995, 56 cases of hepatic carcinoma were treated with Bletilla striata by hepatic artery embolization, with conventional gelform embolization in 50 cases as control. Patients were followed-up for 10-48 months. Embolization with Bletilla striata led to extensive and permanent vascular obstruction, accompanied with marked shrinkage of tumor size and significant decrease in serum AFP levels. Collaterals were few in number and collateral circulation was established late so that the treatment intervals could be prolonged, with an average of 7 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rate was 81.9%, 44.9% and 33.6%, respectively, with a median survival time of 19.8 months. All the clinical parameters were better than those treated with conventional gelform embolization. The results indicate that Bletilla striata is an ideal vascular embolizing agent.
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PMID:[New use of Bletilla striata as embolizing agent in the intervention treatment of hepatic carcinoma]. 938 29


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