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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence and distribution of AFP, AAT and HBsAg in peritumoral non-neoplastic hepatocytes (NNH) of 27 cases and, at the same time, in the neoplastic tissue of 37 liver cell carcinoma (HCC) were studied; AFP and HBsAg were more frequently found in NNH than in HCC cells; no differences were found for AAT. The presence of HBsAg also in normal liver without cirrhosis is probably best explained by its possible role in neoplastic transformation and by the inhibition of replication of the viruses AFP, considered to be expression of dedifferentiated cells, may possible be taken up by NNH for catabolic purposes.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of the appearance of some markers in liver adjoining hepatocellular carcinoma. 242 60

The 20-year period since the discovery of AFP by Abelev has seen the introduction of a wide range of new tumour markers and it is now clear that PLC is biologically heterogeneous. Hepatoblastomas, fibrolamellar carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas may secrete a variety of distinctive markers which are predominantly glycoproteins, and may resemble those found in placenta or fetal liver. Diagnostically, AFP remains the best marker for HCC, both in sensitivity and specificity; it is known to consist of isoforms. In patients with elevated serum AFP and filling defects on liver scan, Con A reactive AFP may differentiate PLC from hepatic metastases, whilst fucosylated AFP may distinguish PLC from benign disorders when AFP is non-diagnostically elevated. With this recognition of tumour heterogeneity the value of a multiple-marker approach has become apparent. The measurement of vitamin B12 binding protein and neurotensin should lead to the detection of most patients with the fibrolamellar variant of HCC and many of these should be resectable. In patients with normal serum AFP levels, HCC-associated GGTP is of major value whilst in low-incidence areas for HCC, patients should also be screened for H-ALP; using a multiple marker approach in high-risk groups, 90% of clinically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinomas are serologically positive. The Chinese and Alaskan studies, in which small, potentially resectable tumours were detected, suggest that it is now possible to achieve 5-year survival figures of up to 60% in HCC patients detected by screening. The value of such a strategy in low-incidence countries is currently under study. In patient monitoring, as in diagnosis, AFP remains the outstanding marker. In AFP-negative patients, other markers including vitamin B12-binding protein, neurotensin, HCC-specific isoenzymes, des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin and alpha-fucosidase, are of undoubted diagnostic value, but their value as indicants of disease progression remains to be established. In monitoring the response of hepatic metastases, CEA remains the least unsatisfactory marker but should always be used in conjunction with serial ultrasound scans. Tumour markers now play an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of PLC but a role is also emerging in tumour imaging and drug targeting. The next 20 years should see the introduction of tumour markers of high sensitivity and specificity which make a fundamental contribution not only to detection and monitoring, but also to the effective treatment of liver cancer.
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PMID:Tumour markers in diagnosis and management. 243 83

Serum from 38 patients with liver disease and elevated serum AFP concentration was subjected to affinity chromatography on concanavalin A (Con A) and lentil lectin. More than 70% of the serum AFP of the 18 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) or the 12 patients with cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis (BLD) bound to Con A, less than 70% of the serum AFP of 8 patients with metastatic liver disease (MLD) bound to Con A. On the other hand less than 20% of the serum AFP of the BLD patients but more than 20% of the serum AFP of the PLC or MLD patients bound to lentil lectin. Thus reactivity of serum AFP towards Con A and lentil lectin provides a simple test that can be used in the differential diagnosis of BLD, PLC and MLD.
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PMID:Differential reactivity of alpha-fetoprotein with lectins and its usefulness in the diagnosis of various liver diseases. 244 65

64 patients with various malignant neoplasms (6 primary and 18 secondary liver cancers, 40 tumors without evidence of hepatic involvement) entered a comparative study measuring serum levels of 5'nucleotidase, AFP, TPA, CEA, CA 19-9. In primary liver cancer, 5'nucleotidase true positive rate was 100% (vs 67% of AFP, TPA, CA 19-9 and 33% of CEA); in secondary liver tumors it was 67% (vs 11% of AFP, 44% of CEA, 55% of CA 19-9 100% of TPA). Diagnostic sensitivity was 75% and specificity 90.5%.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of 5'nucleotidase in primary and secondary neoplasms of the liver]. 245 52

The AFP content in sera of 11735 persons was tested by the new method-enzyme linked counter reference electrophoresis assay and the conventional method-reverse passive hemagglutination assay (RPHA). AFP level in 15 out of 11735 persons, determined by the former technique, was over the normal range, quite similar to those by radiorocket electrophoresis. A good correlation was noted between the two techniques. But by RPHA, AFP was positive only in 7/15 and gave a false positive up to 4.53% (532/11735). It is indicated that the new method is more specific and sensitive than RPHA, and more suitable for general survey of liver cancer.
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PMID:[Enzyme linked counter reference electrophoresis assay and reverse passive hemagglutination assay in general survey of liver cancer]. 246 39

From May 1983 to June 1986, 40 patients with primary liver cancer, less than 5 cm in diameter, were treated by operation. The smallest lesion was 1.4 x 0.9 x 0.4 cm in size. Fifteen patients came to the hospital for treatment due to the finding of AFP greater than or equal to 31 ng/ml by public survey and 8 with space occupying lesion (SOL) in the liver by ultrasonography (US). The serum AFP levels ranged from 0 to 6800 ng/ml in this group with AFP negative in 6 cases, 31-400 ng/ml in 19 and over 400 ng/ml in 15. The positive rate of AFP was 37.5%. US displayed SOL in 25 cases, suspicious SOL in 5 and negative in 10. The positive rate was 62.5% by US. The overall positive rate was 77.5% by AFP and US combined. In addition, AFP variant was determined by LCA affino-crossed-immunoelectrophoresis autoradiography. LCA-nonreactive-AFP varied from 0 to 100% with a mean value of 57.0 +/- 26.7%. Taking less than 75% as diagnostic criterion for liver cancer, the positive rate of LCA-nonreactive-AFP was 65.0%. 12 patients who were AFP variant positive but SOL suspicious or negative were regularly followed by US for 1-20 months. They all showed distinct SOL. Composite results of AFP, AFP variant and US gave a diagnostic rate of 97.5% for small liver cancer. The determination of AFP variant is helpful in early detection of small liver cancer.
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PMID:[Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) variant in the diagnosis of small liver cancer]. 246 65

This case concerns a 61-year-old man who had been determined as having rt-hypochondrialgia. The plasma AFP was found to have increased and an abdominal-CT revealed multiple low density areas in the liver. Endoscopic examination of the stomach revealed a Borrmann type III cancer and the specimens taken by punch biopsy demonstrated a tubular adenocarcinoma. Therefore, he had been diagnosed as having a gastric cancer with a metastatic liver cancer, or double cancer. Histologically, liver tumor proved to be a hepatocellular carcinoma (Edmondson: Gr III), and the histological findings of the gastric tumor was found to be identical with that of the liver tumor. The fact that this case has esophageal varices during the course of the disease suggested that metastasis to the stomach has likely occurred through the portal vein system.
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PMID:[An autopsy revealing hepatocellular carcinoma with solitary metastatic gastric cancer]. 246

Two hundred and eighty-two patients with HCC including 89 with tumors 2 cm or smaller in size and 193 of 2-5 cm were studied on clinical and pathological findings and correlated with the value of various diagnostic imaging modalities. There were apparent differences in histological findings of HCC between 2 cm or smaller in size and larger ones; the former had much less invasion of malignant cells to the extracapsule and portal vein neighbouring the HCC than the latter. In 83 patients with HCCs 2 cm or less in diameter AFP level was normal (less than 20 ng/ml) in 39.8%, 20-200 ng/ml in 44.6% and more than 200 ng/ml in only 15.6%. Detectability of HCC measuring 2 cm or less by various imaging modalities was as follows: 97.8% by US, 54% by X-ray computed tomography (CT), 61.6% by magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and 75.4% by angiography. There was considerable limitation of imaging modalities in making a definitive diagnosis of the smaller HCCs, particularly in the differentiation from regenerative nodules of liver cirrhosis. Tissue biopsy under ultrasound control provided a correct diagnosis in 36 out of 41 patients (87.8%) with HCCs 2 cm or less in size, a better ratio than for aspiration biopsy.
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PMID:Strategy for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 246 79

HBsAg, HBcAg and AFP in small liver cancer (less than or equal to 5 cm) and adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissue were assayed by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The positive rates of HBsAg, HBcAg and AFP in liver cancer tissue were 13.8% (9/65), 9.2% (6/65) and 75.0% (42/56), while those in the uninvolved liver tissue were 93.3% (97/104), 46.2% (48/104), 66.1% (37/56), respectively. 3.6% (2/56) of cancer tissue and 33.9% (19/56) of unaffected liver tissue were found to have these three markers simultaneously. Pathologically all showed chronic hepatitis changes, and 66.3% (69/104) of them had cirrhosis. The development of liver cancer may be associated with HBV/DNA integration, but it does not rule out the possibility of HBV replication in the canceration. The phenotype patterns of HBAg possess variable clinical significance and HBV replication affects the long time survival of the patients with liver cancer. The results show that both cancer foci and their surrounding tissue could secrete AFP, and the AFP positive rate in liver cancer with negative sero-AFP is 30% (3/10). The sensitivity of assaying HBsAg in PAP method was 1.4 times as high as that of R-PHA or orcein stain. Small liver cancer is a valuable material to the study of human liver cancer.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study on HBsAg, HBcAg and AFP in 104 patients with small liver cancer]. 247 May 64

Six cases of unresectable hepatic cancer in infant were treated with intra-arterial infusion therapy. The histological types were hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, 3 cases respectively. The clinical stages were 1 recurrent case in I, 1 in IIIA, 2 in IIIB and 2 in IV. Seldinger method and cannulation at laparotomy were employed in 4 cases and 2 cases, respectively. In the eldest case, a catheter with dual lumen reservoir developed in our department was inserted, making it possible to infuse drugs into hepatic artery and cutting off hepatic arterial blood flow temporarily. The anticancer drug used was ADM, CDDP, 5-FU, THP-ADM, and MMC; antiAFP-anticancer drug conjugate missile therapy was employed in 4 cases. According to image diagnosis, reduction or necrosis of tumor was observed in 5 cases. In all cases, AFP scores decreased. In 5 dead cases, 4 cases died of tumor enlargement (average survival time 16.3 months); 1 case died of DIC during chemotherapy. The other case could eventually undergo complete resection and is now alive. Intra-arterial infusion therapy seemed to be useful for patients of infant unresectable hepatic cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical study of intrahepatic arterial infusion of unresectable hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma in children]. 247 63


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