Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activity of glycolipid sulfotransferase (cerebroside sulfotransferase) in serum was elevated in 21 (33%) of 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, mean +/- S.E., 349 +/- 32 pmol/ml per h, n = 63, P less than 0.001) compared to healthy subjects (172 +/- 12, n = 85). Ho significant elevation of the sulfotransferase level was observed in liver cirrhosis (219 +/- 28, n = 10) in which many of biochemical HCC markers increase concomitantly. The elevation of sulfotransferase was independent of the production of alpha-fetoprotein and of aminotransferase levels in HCC, providing complementary value for alpha-fetoprotein-negative HCC cases. However, the sulfotransferase levels (234 +/- 21, n = 32, P less than 0.01) in sera from patients with renal cell carcinoma, in whose involved tissues the enzyme was demonstrated to increase markedly, were less than in HCC.
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PMID:Elevated serum level of glycolipid sulfotransferase in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 171 32

Pathological diagnosis of hepatic tumors is sometimes difficult when performed with only routine examinations such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E.) stain. The diagnostic usefulness of KM01 was compared to that of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9 and ras p21 in this immunohistochemical study. AFP was positive in about half of the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma, and AFP-positive cells were frequently found at the periphery of acini in both diseases. Absorbed CEA stain was mostly negative in hepatocellular carcinoma, but was positive in the cells of mixed hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma (MHCC) and metastatic liver cancer, especially in their cytoplasm. CA19-9 immunostaining was completely negative, and was only 3% positive in hepatocellular carcinoma. KM01 stain was positive in about half of the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma and MHCC. It was positive in proliferated bile ducts around the capsule in the former two diseases but positive in the tumor cell of both parts of the cytoplasm in the latter. The histological positivity of ras p21 was high in all tumor cells of these three types of tumors. Negative absorbed CEA and KM01 in pseudoglandular hepatocellular carcinoma differentiated from MHCC and metastatic liver cancer. However these tumor markers were occasionally positive and nonspecific in cancer-like lesions, implying no advantage for differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and apparent cancer-like lesions. The above results demonstrate that AFP, CEA and KM01 are effective for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma among various hepatic tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on hepatic tumors--KM01 stains compared with AFP, CEA, CA19-9 and RAS P21. 171 40

Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) was evaluated as a serological marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in patients with early HCC. In 1192 patients with various diseases, plasma DCP levels were measured by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay method using an anti-DCP monoclonal antibody. Of the 254 patients with HCC, 143 (56%) had abnormal DCP levels of greater than 0.1 AU/ml. In contrast, elevated DCP levels were rarely observed in patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, metastatic liver cancer, and other malignant tumors. Because no correlation was observed between DCP and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the combined measurement of these two complementary markers appears to be useful in the diagnosis of HCC. Since normal levels were observed in 29 of 30 patients (97%) with small liver tumors measuring 2 cm or less in diameter, the diagnostic application of the DCP assay to small liver tumors is limited. However, in patients with tumors larger than 2 cm, the plasma DCP assay may even be more useful than AFP. Among 46 patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis who subsequently developed HCC, significantly increased DCP and AFP levels were observed in nine patients (20%) and 14 patients (30%), respectively, when a tumor was detected. When the results of both assays were combined, 19 patients (41%) had elevated levels of one or both markers. Although the plasma DCP assay alone is not sensitive enough to detect early small liver cancers, it could be applied as a complementary tumor marker together with AFP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin assay in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. 172 Oct 19

Positive HBsAg males aged 30-59 years in Qidong were considered a high risk population for primary liver cancer (PLC). A screening study was conducted among 3,958 high risk population which were assigned randomly to a screening group or to a non-screening group. 2,580 persons were screened by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) once every six months, the incidence rate of PLC was 1,599.38 per 100,000 person-years (PYs), and that in non-screening group with 1,378 persons was 729.39 per 100,000 PYs. Screening survey was also done among 2,332 males aged 30-59 years with negative HBsAg at one-year interval, and the incidence was 128.76 per 100,000 PYs. 26 (86.67%) of 30 PLC patients found in the screening survey were stage I PLCs, but none in 11 out-patients was found in this stage. This study suggests that periodic AFP screening for high risk population is suitable for the high-incidence area, and is one of the effective ways of secondary prevention for PLC.
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PMID:[Study on screening for primary liver cancer in high risk population of an endemic area]. 172 99

We carried out hepatic vein catheterization in 73 patients with liver cancer, 52 with primary and 21 with metastatic cancer. A heterogeneous hepatic venous pressure gradient, defined as a difference of greater than 4 mmHg between the highest and lowest values of the pressure gradient in any patient, was found in 46% of the hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 43% of the metastatic cancers. Comparing the diagnostic efficacy of this phenomenon with an elevated alpha-fetoprotein, based on 500 randomly selected catheterizations, showed that the heterogeneous gradient was 46% sensitive and 99% specific for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, while the alpha-fetoprotein was 67% sensitive and 99% specific. Positive and negative predictive values were 86 and 95%, respectively, for the heterogeneous gradient, and 83 and 97% for the alpha-fetoprotein. Its expense and relative invasiveness make hepatic vein catheterization an unacceptable routine in patients suspected of having hepatic malignancy. However, we suggest that the unexpected finding of a heterogeneous pressure gradient should trigger a search for hepatic cancer.
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PMID:Heterogeneous hepatic venous pressures in patients with liver cancer. 215 16

Intratumor injection of OK-432, a biological response modifier, in the treatment of small HCC was studied in 7 inoperable patients. After evaluation with ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), angiography and US-guided biopsy, implantation of a steel coil in the tumor, intratumor injection was performed under US guidance. After completion of the treatment, liver biopsy and image studies were again done to evaluate the extent of tumor necrosis. One patient was alive and well without recurrence 19 months after treatment. Four had recurrent tumors at different site of the liver 4 months, 9 months, 9 months and 8 months later. Two died of progressive malignancy 3 months and 8 months later. In the 6 patients with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, 4 had decreased AFP after treatment, and the 2 mortalities had steadily increased AFP. The most common side effects are fever and chills. Transient abdominal pain with elevated transaminase activities, cough with hemoptysis, and vomiting were seen in 1 case each. After treatment, the biopsy specimens showed total necrosis of HCC. Although the T4/T8 ratio of peripheral blood was increased as compared with that before treatment in 4 cases, peritumoral cytotoxic T lymphocyte and monocyte infiltration were seen in one specimen only, and another 7 examined specimens showed negative staining with monoclonal antibodies of T cells. We conclude that intratumor injection of OK-432 is an alternative treatment for small HCC in inoperable cases. The effectiveness may be due to the direct tumoricidal mechanism of OK-432.
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PMID:Intratumor injection of OK-432 for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. 217 23

This paper deals with 70 cases of primary liver cancer treated by externally applying Pu Tuo plaster and internally taking oral Chinese herbal medicine. In term of the statistic, of all the cases applied the plaster, 96.7% has proved to be effective in alleviating the pain, 83.5% was remarkable. It has significantly improved the quality of the patients' later lifes. Applying Pu Tuo plaster with taking oral Chinese herbal medicine, the patients could survive longer. On average, after the treatment, the patient could live ten and half months, 44.8% of the II-stage liver cancer patients applied the plaster could live as long as one year, the longest one has been living more than 2 years and 8 months, he looks still well now. He has been working since 1987. In recent B-ultrasonic examination, the patient's primary focus disappeared, and alpha-fetoprotein test turned to be negative.
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PMID:[Analysis of 70 cases of primary liver carcinoma treated by pu tuo ointment and herbs]. 229 17

Thirty-two patients with inoperable hepatic cancer underwent intra-arterial hepatic infusion using mitomycin C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or intra-arterial hepatic chemoembolization using heated albumin microspheres containing MMC with an average diameter 45 +/- 8 micron. Nineteen of the 32 patients received the MMC microsphere treatment and another 13 received the conventional infusion treatment, lasting for 3.4 months. The administered doses of MMC microspheres were 11.7 +/- 11.1 mg as MMC in the 12 with metastatic cancer and 6.9 +/- 2.1 mg as MMC in the 7 with hepatocellular cancer (HCC). On the contrary, the 13 patients who underwent conventional infusion had average doses of MMC 34.5 +/- 17.3 mg and of 5-FU 13.4 +/- 7.7 g, over 3.4 months. An objective tumor response was obtained in 13/19 (68.4%) under MMC microsphere chemoembolization, compared to 6/13 (46.2%) under the conventional infusion. The average level of CEA in the 12 with metastatic cancer, who underwent MMC microsphere therapy, dropped from 57.7 ng/ml to 16.5 ng/ml, while that in the 10 patients on conventional infusion dropped from 24.0 ng/ml to 17.4 ng/ml; that of alpha-fetoprotein dropped in all 7 with HCC on MMC microsphere chemoembolization, compared to a fall in 1/3 on conventional infusion. With the MMC microsphere treatment, 5 patients from colorectal cancer lived for 15.6 +/- 7.6 months, 2 are alive with a long life expectancy; and 7 patients from gastric or pancreatic cancer lived for only 9.3 +/- 3.3 months. In case of conventional infusion, 6 patients from colorectal cancer survived for 8.6 +/- 3.2 months; and 4 patients from gastric or gallbladder cancer survived for 6.0 +/- 1.0 months. The MMC microsphere treatment is superior at P = 0.059 in survival duration to the conventional infusion treatment. However, much the same survival occurred in 7 on MMC microsphere chemoembolization and 3 on continuous infusion.
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PMID:Biodegradable mitomycin C microspheres given intra-arterially for inoperable hepatic cancer. With particular reference to a comparison with continuous infusion of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. 241 82

By means of polyacrylamide gel stage electrophoresis designed by us, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were separated into 9 (I to IX) and 7 (I to VII) isoenzyme bands. The GGT II and ALP I were found only in the sera of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma showing positive rates of 29.5% and 8.5%, respectively. The combined positive rate of the two kinds of isoenzymes was 36.2% which is lower than that of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the liver cancer but it has a higher specificity compared to the latter test. Furthermore, positive GGT II and ALP I may also be present in patients with liver cancer who were negative for AFP. It is obvious that the simultaneous determinations of GGT II, ALP I and AFP are mutually supplementary in the diagnosis of liver cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of serum "hepatoma-specific" gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase]. 241 91

Using a modified method of concanavalin A (Con A), lentil lectin (LCH) or phytohemagglutinin-E (PHA-E) affinity crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis (ACIE), we studied alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) subfractions in 69 sera, including 58 from patients with primary liver cancer and 11 from patients with hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer. We found that Con A non-reactive subfraction (type b) or LCH weakly-reactive subfraction (type B) was more frequently detected in metastatic liver cancer, as compared with liver cancer hepatoma. The amount of Con A non-reactive subfraction (type b) or of PHA-E reactive subfraction (type X) was significantly higher in case of metastatic liver cancer than in primary liver cancer. Since different affinities between AFP and lectins are due to the microheterogeneity in AFP sugar chain, our findings suggest that AFP in primary liver cancer and metastatic liver cancer is glycosylated in a different manner. It is also indicated that different patterns of AFP subfractions identified by the combination of Con A, LCH or PHA-E ACIE facilitate a differential diagnosis of these hepatic malignancies.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein subfractions in hepatic malignancies identified by different reactivities with concanavalin A, lentil lectin or phytohemagglutinin-E. 242 Oct 34


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