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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A quasi-historical cohort study method was used to collect the data of male stomach and liver cancer death from 1984 to 1988 in male residents (> or = 30 years old) of three tap-water-drinking communities at the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Huangpu River. Total person-years observed are 184,645. The result shows that the world standard population standardized cut-off mortalities (> or = 30 years old) of male stomach and liver cancer increase gradually from the upper to lower reaches. The mortalities from the upper to the lower reaches are 62.7, 86.2 and 146.0/100,000 person-years for male stomach cancer and 56.9, 67.7 and 81.3/100,000 person-years for male liver cancer, respectively. This trend is consistent with the change of the rate of positive Ames Test results of drinking water from the upper to lower reaches (0, 70, 100%). It suggests that a causal correlation may exist between the two. The distribution of other possible risk factors in the three communities is also described.
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PMID:Pilot study on the relationship between male stomach and liver cancer death and mutagenicity of drinking water in the Huangpu River area. 184 70

A quasi-historical cohort study method was used to collect the data of male stomach and liver cancer death and the data of exposure to relevant risk factors from 1984 to 1988 in male tap-water- and raw-water-drinking cohorts (> or = 30 years old) at both the upper and lower reaches of the Huangpu River. Total person-years observed are 172,448. The Odds Ratios of drinking water from the lower reaches for male stomach cancer and liver cancer death are 2.021 (p < 0.01) and 1.851 (p < 0.01), respectively, in unconditional logistic regression analysis after controlling possible confounding factors. The result shows that drinking water from the lower reaches of the Huangpu River is one of the important risk factors for male stomach and liver cancer death in local areas.
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PMID:Effects of drinking water from the lower reaches of the Huangpu River on the risk of male stomach and liver cancer death. 184 71

Although primary hepatoma is not very frequent in alcoholics, the incidence of hepatoma in cases of hepatitis B infection combined with heavy alcohol drinking is high. In the present study, the effects of chronic alcohol administration on the development of chemical-induced hepatic cancer in rats were analyzed. In 70% hepatectomized Wistar strain male rats, a single dose (1 mg per 100 gm body weight) of diethylnitrosamine was injected intraperitoneally. Eight weeks after the injection, 20% alcohol-10% sucrose solution (diethylnitrosamine-alcohol group), 0.1% sodium phenobarbital solution (diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital group), 10% sucrose solution (diethylnitrosamine-sucrose group) or tap water (diethylnitrosamine-alone group) was given as drinking water for 32 weeks. The numbers of visible nodules per liver were significantly greater in the diethylnitrosamine-alcohol and diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital groups compared to the diethylnitrosamine-alone and diethylnitrosamine-sucrose groups. The numbers of enzyme-altered foci which were positive to gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase staining per square centimeter of liver section were also greater in the diethylnitrosamine-alcohol and diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital groups than in the diethylnitrosamine-alone and diethylnitrosamine-sucrose groups, although the numbers of nodules and enzyme-altered foci were significantly larger in the diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital group than in the diethylnitrosamine-alcohol group. The enzyme-altered foci areas calculated by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase staining were significantly larger in the diethylnitrosamine-alcohol and diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital groups than in the diethylnitrosamine-alone and diethylnitrosamine-sucrose groups. Histologically, visible nodules observed in diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital and diethylnitrosamine-alcohol groups showed characteristic features of neoplastic nodules. These results indicate that alcohol has a promoter action on the development of chemically induced hepatic cancer like phenobarbital.
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PMID:Effects of ethanol on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. 286 66

Based on a prospective study including a population size of eighty thousand in Nanhui County, the risk factors of primary liver cancer in Nanhui County were found as follows: history of hepatitis (OR 1.03, 95%CL 1.02-1.04), the length of drinking pond & ditch water (OR 1.16, 95% CL 1.02-1.32) and the length of drinking river water (OR 1.25, 95% CL 1.09-1.43). The length of drinking shallow well water (OR 0.65, 95% CL 0.59-0.73) and deep well water (including tap water, OR 0.20, 95% CL 0.16-0.25) seemed to be the protective factors of PLC. These data are useful for PLC prevention and to identify the high-risk individuals in Nanhui County.
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PMID:[The prospective research of risk factors of primary liver cancer in Nanhui County, Shanghai]. 776 21

Arsenic has been well documented as the major risk factor for development of blackfoot disease (BFD), a unique peripheral vascular disease that was once endemic to the southwestern coast of Taiwan, where residents imbibed artesian well water containing high concentrations of arsenic for more than 50yr. Long-term arsenic exposure has also been reported to be associated with increased incidence of liver cancer in a dose-responsive manner. A tap-water supply system was implemented in the early 1960s in the BFD endemic areas. Artesian well water was no longer used for drinking and cooking after the mid-1970s. The objective of this study was to examine whether liver cancer mortality rates were altered after the consumption of high-arsenic artesian well water ceased and, if so, when the reduction occurred. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for liver cancer were calculated for the BFD endemic area for the years 1971-2000. Cumulative-sum techniques were used to detect the occurrence of changes in the SMRs. The study results show that mortality from liver cancer in females declined starting 9yr after the cessation of consumption of high-arsenic artesian well water. However, data show fluctuations in male liver cancer mortality rates. Based on the reversibility criterion, the association between arsenic exposure and liver cancer mortality is likely to be causal for females but not in males.
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PMID:Does arsenic exposure increase the risk for liver cancer? 1537 Dec 25

Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals with physical dimensions smaller than the exciton Bohr radius. As their fluorescence emissions are size-tunable, we can acquire any spectrum from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared by changing the particles' radiuses. The large Stokes shifts of quantum dots can be used to further improve detection sensitivity. The luminescence intensity is high and stable. Single quantum dots have longer excited state lifetimes, and they appear 10-20 times brighter than organic fluorescent dyes. And they have good biocompatibility because quantum dots with appropriate shells don't interfere with physiological processes, such as growth, development, signaling and motility. With the development of optical labeling and imaging technology, many present conventional biomedical methods have limitations in microcosmic direct real-time researches of bio-molecular interactions and early diagnosis of malignant tumors. The invention of quantum dots and their biomedical applications make them as good markers for tumor cell tracing and targeting in cancer research, such as prostate cancer, mammary cancer, cervical cancer, basal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, and melanoma. The current research is focused on tumor markers imaging and molecular interaction based on tangible carriers such as cells and tissues. The next research orientation would be to tap the potential of this highly sensitive technology to image tumor biomarkers in serum and other body fluids, so as to increase the early diagnosis rate of malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Quantum dots and their applications in cancer research]. 1668 92

A large part of Central Serbia experiences continual shortage of sufficient ground water resources. For that reason, more than 20 reservoirs serve as drinking water suppliers. Significant and persistent cyanobacterial "blooms" have been recognized in nine of them. Samples for cyanotoxin analyses were taken during and after "blooms" in Celije Reservoir and from Krusevac town-supplied tap water from that reservoir two days later. Concentration of microcystin-LR was 650 microg L(-1) in the reservoir, while the tap water contained 2.5 microg L(-1). In the two investigated periods, the high primary liver cancer (PLC) mortality of 11.6 from 1980-1990 and extremely high PLC incidence of 34.7 from 2000-2002 were observed in the regions affected by heavy cyanobacterial "blooms." In contrast, PLC mortality and incidence rates were substantially lower in the regions not affected by cyanobacterial blooms: in 1980-1990 the rate of PLC mortality amounted to 2.7 in Kosovo, 7.6 in Vojvodina, and 8.3 in the non-affected regions of Central Serbia; while in 2000-2002 PLC incidence amounted to 4.1 in Kosovo, 5.2 in Vojvodina, and 13.6 in the non- or less-affected regions of Central Serbia. Keeping in mind that the most affected PLC regions in Central Serbia (Toplicki, Niski, and Sumadijski regions) have the water supply systems based on six reservoirs found regularly in bloom during summer months and that some of the regions are also connected with two boundary "blooming" reservoirs, representing a total of eight of nine blooming reservoirs, it is easy to presume that the PLC incidence could be related to drinking water quality. The uneven geographic distribution of liver cancer in Serbia is conspicuous and hot spots could be related to drinking water supply. It is very clear that the high-risk regions for PLC occurrence correspond with drinking water reservoirs continually found with cyanobacterial blooms, and the low risk regions correspond with water supplies not affected by cyanobacteria.
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PMID:Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms and primary liver cancer epidemiological studies in Serbia. 1920 63