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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, 18 BUF rats with 7316 A liver cancer burden were divided into three groups. Groups A underwent simple laparotomy, group B had 70% hepatectomy, and group C with laparotomy plus TGF-beta . Splenic adhesive cells and serum of postoperative day 5 in both group A and B were added into mixed lymphocellular culture and CCL-64 cell culture, TGF-beta was also added into MLC and 7613 A liver cancer culture. It was found that in group B and C the growth rate of tumor cells was greatly accelerated (P < 0.01); whereas MLC and CCL-64 cell proliferation was inhibited by the serum and splenic adhesive cells from group B (P < 0.05). TGF-beta also significantly inhibited MLC through it had no effect on 7316 A liver cancer cells. The authors came to the conclusion that there was the activity of TGF-beta in the serum of the rats with partial hepatectomy which inhibits the proliferation of host immune cells.
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PMID:[A study of mechanism by which tumor growth was induced by partial hepatectomy]. 959 Jul 61

An effective fluence concept was employed to make forward dose calculations to investigate the effects of a distorted fluence map on dose plans. Fluence changes caused by organ motion were calculated using Chui's algorithm (2003 Med. Phys. 30 1736). In two test cases with various fluence maps, the effects of motion were simulated using a maximal displacement from 5 mm to 25 mm; 108 fluence maps that were calculated from 16 IMRT plans for eight liver cancer patients were analyzed and compared with and without gating. Fluoroscopic measurements were made of a moving diaphragm in this study. Fluence changes associated with superior-inferior organ motion, perpendicular to the moving MLC, were also examined. The effects of motion on the fluence maps were evaluated from both the fluence differences between static and motion and the chi function. The maximum displacements of the organs in all of these cases were analyzed and correlated with the change in fluence generated from the liver IMRT plans. The dosimetric effects on the target coverage were evaluated for each plan. The results indicate that, for the same fluence map, the mean fluence intensity error or the percentage of the fluence points that have an unacceptable error is linearly related to the extent of motion. For different fluence maps, the degree to which the fluence is distorted by motion is strongly related to the product of the motion extent and the fluence gradient in the direction of diaphragm motion. For eight liver patients and 16 IMRT plans in this work (with gated technique, motion extent from 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm; without gated technique, motion extent from 0.9 cm to 1.8 cm), the fluence modulations are mild, such that the respiratory motion of each patient did not strongly affect the CTV coverage. The mean dose error is 1.5% for free motion (0.9-1.8 cm) and is around 1% for gated motion (0.5-1 cm).
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PMID:Analysis of organ motion effects on the effective fluences for liver IMRT. 1766 5

Twenty patients( 30 nodules) with metastatic liver cancer( MLC) and 10 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma( HCC) treated by stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) were analyzed. SRT was administered at 48.0 or 52.8 Gy/4 Fr/1 wk. The response rate (RR) in MLC patients was 78%, and 11 patients survived longer than 1 year and 9 patients survived as long as 2 years. Clinical analysis suggests that the ideal indications for SRT in MLC are solitary nodules in patients without extrahepatic disease who have undergone systemic chemotherapy. Although RR of SRT for HCC was as high as 85%, intrahepatic recurrence was observed in all patients and 6 patients died within 1 year. Further analysis is needed to determine the indication for SRT in HCC patients.
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PMID:[Efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy for primary and metastatic liver cancer]. 2439 44

Introduction: Leukodystrophies constitute heterogenous group of rare heritable disorders primarily affecting the white matter of central nervous system. These conditions are often under-appreciated among physicians. The first clinical manifestations of leukodystrophies are often nonspecific and can occur in different ages from neonatal to late adulthood periods. The diagnosis is, therefore, challenging in most cases.Area covered: Herein, the authors discuss different aspects of leukodystrophies. The authors used MEDLINE, EMBASE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR to provide an extensive update about epidemiology, classifications, pathology, clinical findings, diagnostic tools, and treatments of leukodystrophies. Comprehensive evaluation of clinical findings, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and genetic studies play the key roles in the early diagnosis of individuals with leukodystrophies. No cure is available for most heritable white matter disorders but symptomatic treatments can significantly decrease the burden of events. New genetic methods and stem cell transplantation are also under investigation to further increase the quality and duration of life in affected population.Expert opinion: The improvements in molecular diagnostic tools allow us to identify the meticulous underlying etiology of leukodystrophies and result in higher diagnostic rates, new classifications of leukodystrophies based on genetic information, and replacement of symptomatic managements with more specific targeted therapies.Abbreviations: 4H: Hypomyelination, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypodontia; AAV: Adeno-associated virus; AD: autosomal dominant; AGS: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome; ALSP: Axonal spheroids and pigmented glia; APGBD: Adult polyglucosan body disease; AR: autosomal recessive; ASO: Antisense oligonucleotide therapy; AxD: Alexander disease; BAEP: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials; CAA: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; CADASIL: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; CARASAL: Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy; CARASIL: Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; CGH: Comparative genomic hybridization; ClC2: Chloride Ion Channel 2; CMTX: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; CNS: central nervous system; CRISP/Cas9: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated 9; gRNA: Guide RNA; CTX: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; DSB: Double strand breaks; DTI: Diffusion tensor imaging; FLAIR: Fluid attenuated inversion recovery; GAN: Giant axonal neuropathy; H-ABC: Hypomyelination with atrophy of basal ganglia and cerebellum; HBSL: Hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity; HCC: Hypomyelination with congenital cataracts; HEMS: Hypomyelination of early myelinated structures; HMG CoA: Hydroxy methylglutaryl CoA; HSCT: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells; KSS: Kearns-Sayre syndrome; L-2-HGA: L-2-hydroxy glutaric aciduria; LBSL: Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and elevated lactate; LCC: Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts; LTBL: Leukoencephalopathy with thalamus and brainstem involvement and high lactate; MELAS: Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke; MERRF: Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers; MLC: Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts; MLD: metachromatic leukodystrophy; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NCL: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; NGS: Next generation sequencing; ODDD: Oculodentodigital dysplasia; PCWH: Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy-central-dysmyelinating leukodystrophy-Waardenburg syndrome-Hirschprung disease; PMD: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease; PMDL: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease; RNA: Ribonucleic acid; TW: T-weighted; VWM: Vanishing white matter; WES: whole exome sequencing; WGS: whole genome sequencing; X-ALD: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy; XLD: X-linked dominant; XLR: X-linked recessive.
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PMID:An update on clinical, pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic perspectives of childhood leukodystrophies. 3182 48