Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, the diagnostic significance of PIVKA-II concentrations in various liver diseases was evaluated, and the use of PIVKA-II as a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was discussed. Also, the location of abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-II) production in HCC by indirect immunoperoxidase staining was examined. There was a good correlation between plasma and serum PIVKA-II concentrations, indicating that serum samples are adequate for PIVKA-II measurements. Fifty-four of 97 (55.7%) patients with HCC, one of 10 (10%) patients with metastatic liver cancer and two of 47 (4.3%) patients with liver cirrhosis had positive serum PIVKA-II concentrations. Positive serum PIVKA-II concentrations were found more frequently in patients with HCC than in any other liver disease (P < 0.01). Of the 97 patients with HCC, 54 (55.7%) were PIVKA-II positive, 76.3% had serum concentrations of either PIVKA-II or alpha-fetoprotein, indicating the usefulness of both tumour markers in the diagnosis of HCC. Using frozen sections of tissue specimens obtained at autopsy or during surgery, the localization of PIVKA-II was examined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining with specific anti-PIVKA-II antibodies. Tissues from 12 of 22 patients with HCC had positive PIVKA-II indirect immunoperoxidase staining only in the cancer cells. Cells with greater atypia tended to have stronger cytoplasmic staining. No specific staining was observed in non-cancerous cells. These findings suggest that PIVKA-II is synthesized specifically in hepatic cancer cells.
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PMID:Abnormal prothrombin: evaluation as a tumour marker and localization in tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 768 54

A fraction of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) reactive with lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) was measured by affinity chromatography in serum samples from 102 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 48 patients with chronic liver diseases without HCC. Its usefulness as a marker of HCC was evaluated. The mean +/- SD percentage of this fraction in total AFP was 3.10 +/- 3.17% in 48 patients with chronic liver diseases without HCC. When the cut-off level was set at 12.6% (mean + 3 SD), the sensitivity was 36.3%, the specificity was 100%, and the accuracy was 56.7% in the 102 patients with HCC. This lentil lectin-reactive AFP was positive in 7 of 25 patients (28%) who had single small liver cancer (phi < 20 mm), suggesting its clinical usefulness as a tumor marker. The lentil lectin-reactive AFP showed no correlation with the serum concentration of AFP or des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP). In patients with HCC showing an AFP level of 20 ng/ml or above, the lentil lectin-reactive fraction is a highly specific tumor marker. We consider it to be useful as an adjunct in the diagnosis of HCC.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein and lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 769 Aug 73

Technetium 99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin is a newly developed analog ligand to asialoglycoprotein receptor, which is a hepatic cell surface receptor specific for galactose-terminated glycoproteins. Hepatic functional imaging, which yields estimates of asialoglycoprotein receptor concentration, was performed after intravenous injection of 3 mg technetium 99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin. A total of 75 human subjects were studied: 6 controls without liver diseases, 51 patients with chronic liver diseases and 18 patients with acute liver diseases. In chronic liver disease the asialoglycoprotein receptor concentration significantly correlated with the clinical severity based on the criteria of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (rs = -0.890, p = 0.0001). Good correlations between the asialoglycoprotein receptor concentration and conventional liver function tests were also observed. In acute liver disease the asialoglycoprotein receptor concentration correlated well with the normotest (r = 0.796, p = 0.0001), prothrombin time (r = 0.701, p = 0.0002) and total serum bilirubin (r = -0.642, p = 0.0007). We conclude that the parameter, asialoglycoprotein receptor concentration, obtained from the kinetic analysis of technetium 99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin time-activity data, is a sensitive measure of functioning hepatocyte mass in acute and chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Quantitative assessment of hepatocellular function through in vivo radioreceptor imaging with technetium 99m galactosyl human serum albumin. 849 49

Between 1988 and 1992 ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies of thromboses in the main branches of the portal vein were carried out in 15 patients with liver cirrhosis. The aims of the study were to evaluate the usefulness, feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of this procedure in cirrhotics with known or suspected hepatocellular carcinoma. The procedure was carried out only in patients with a platelet count > or = 40,000/microL and prothrombin activity > or = 40%. A single pass, with a 22 gauge spinal needle, was performed in the portal vein lumen. Diagnosis of the aetiology of the portal vein thrombosis was obtained in all 15 cases. In 12 cases, a cytological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was made. In one case, the neoplastic cells aspirated were compatible with adenocarcinoma, and a subsequent colonoscopy confirmed the presence of colonic cancer. The material aspirated was compatible with chemically-induced thrombosis in one patient who had undergone several percutaneous ethanol injection sessions for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, and in the last case only blood was aspirated, thus ruling out the coexistence of hepatic cancer. We conclude that fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis is a feasible, low risk procedure that facilitates the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma when fine needle biopsy of focal liver lesions fails. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis is also useful in excluding neoplastic aetiology of portal vein thrombosis.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis: results in 15 patients. 858 Apr 10

Antipyrine metabolism is widely used as an index of the drug-metabolizing reserve of the liver. It is well known that metabolism of this drug is impaired in subjects with acute hepatitis or cirrhosis, but conflicting data have been reported regarding patients with chronic postinfectious hepatitis or liver cancer. We studied conventional liver-function parameters and antipyrine metabolism (antipyrine per o.s. 18 mg/kg) in 518 subjects. One hundred and one patients had liver metastases (various primaries). Based on the number and size of lesions, the hepatic involvement was considered minimal in 47 and massive in 54 (groups B1 and B2, respectively). One hundred and two had chronic active hepatitis (CAH); 51 patients with histological evidence of fibrosis/early cirrhosis and 51 patients were without histological evidence of fibrosis/early cirrhosis. Ninety-two had histologically confirmed cirrhosis (group D), and the remaining 120 had cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (group E). The control group was composed of 103 subjects with healthy livers (group A). Antipyrine clearance (AP Cl) in CAH patients with fibrosis (0.246 +/- 0.98 mL/min per kg) was similar to that observed in patients with cirrhosis (0.223 +/- 0.148 mL/min per kg), and both values were significantly lower than that found in CAH patients without fibrosis (0.406 +/- 0.159 mL/min per kg, P < 0.01). Antipyrine clearance in patients with liver metastases (0.426 +/- 0.174 mL/min per kg) was similar to that of the healthy group (0.489 +/- 0.210 mL/min per kg). Cirrhotics and cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presented similar degrees of impairment. Antipyrine clearance was positively correlated with serum albumin (r2 = 0.10, P = 0.01) and prothrombin time (r2 = 0.129, P < 0.01) in all groups, except those with liver metastases. In patients with CAH, the presence of fibrosis/cirrhosis is associated with impaired antipyrine metabolism. The lack of impairment in groups with liver metastases suggests that the functional hepatic reserve is maintained even in the presence of massive neoplastic invasion.
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PMID:Antipyrine clearance in chronic and neoplastic liver diseases: a study of 518 patients. 964 40

A 61-year-old man had a liver resection for a bilobar mass thought to be, by imaging techniques, an hepatocellular carcinoma. He had been treated for the last 12 years by venesections for genetic haemochromatosis complicated by well-compensated cirrhosis. At surgery, prothrombin time and platelet count were normal, as was alpha-fetoprotein. On the resected specimen, the non-tumoral liver was not cirrhotic; septal fibrosis was present as well as mild iron overload and numerous Von Meyenburg complexes. The bilobar tumour was composed of two different parts: one was a cholangiocarcinoma arising from Von Meyenburg complexes, the other was a moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with a partially invaded capsule. The two tumours, in close proximity, did not communicate. This observation raises three questions: the relative risk of primary liver cancer including both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma in haemochromatosis without cirrhosis; the development of cholangiocarcinoma from Von Meyenburg complexes; the reversibility of cirrhosis in treated patients.
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PMID:Cholangiocarcinoma arising in Von Meyenburg complex associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in genetic haemochromatosis. 1074 40

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has important autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles in the promotion of growth. Alterations of the IGF system have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, but the relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is unclear. To address this issue, we used an immunoradiometric assay to quantify IGF-1 levels in serum samples in a hospital-based, case-control study in Greece. The study subjects were all men and included 53 patients with HCC positive for hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus infections, 20 virus-negative HCC patients, 25 virus-negative patients with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 111 virus-negative control subjects. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression, using IGF-1 as the dependent variable. The mean value of IGF-1 was 65.9 ng/ml among virus-positive HCC patients, 79.5 ng/ml among virus-negative HCC patients, 110.8 ng/ml among patients with MLC, and 174.7 ng/ml among hospital controls. After controlling for the degree of liver damage, as assessed by prothrombin time and serum albumin level, the reduction in IGF-1 level among HCC patients was found to be more than could be attributed to liver damage alone. This finding may have both diagnostic and pathophysiological implications.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer in men. 1086 61

The effect of segmental transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TAE) on serum amino acid levels and liver function were studied in 23 patients with HCC associated with hepatitis virus C (22 patients) or alcoholism (1 patient), with compensated liver cirrhosis (Child A 18 patients, Child B 5 patients). Serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), tyrosine, branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio (BTR), ammonia, total bilirubin and albumin, and prothrombin times were measured before and after TAE (24 h, 7 and 14 days). The BTR was increased significantly 24 h after TAE (p<0.001) and gradually decreased to pre-TAE levels. Serum tyrosine levels decreased at 24 h after TAE (p<0.005) and later increased. Serum BCAA levels increased slightly at 7days after TAE and were decreased at 14 days after TAE. This results indicated that the increased BTR was due primarily to the decreased tyrosine level at 24 h after TAE. Serum ammonia levels gradually decreased after TAE and the prothrombin time and serum levels of total bilirubin and albumin were not significantly changed. In this study, segmental TAE had little influence on liver function, and the BTR unexpectedly increased at 24 h after TAE. These results suggest that segmental TAE has minimal side effects and may have a beneficial effect on amino acid metabolism.
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PMID:Effect of segmental transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on branched chain amino acids and tyrosine ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 1102 1

To investigate the surgical results of hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to hepatitis virus status in Taiwan, 252 patients (196 men and 56 women; March 1992 to August 1998) were reviewed. The patients were divided into four groups: 30 patients (11.9%) seronegative for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antihepatitis C antibody (HCVAb) (N-HCC group); 133 patients (52.8%) seropositive for HBsAg and seronegative for HCVAb (B-HCC group); 66 patients (26.2%) seronegative for HBsAg and seropositive for HCVAb (C-HCC group); and 23 patients (9.1%) seropositive for both HBsAg and HCVAb (BC-HCC group). Patients in group C-HCC were older (p = 0.001) and had a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.004). Also, they had a higher indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (p = 0.021), longer international normalization ratio for the prothrombin time (p = 0.049), and smaller tumor (p = 0.006). Postoperative complications and hospital mortality were significantly higher in patients in the C-HCC and BC-HCC groups (p = 0.046, 0.021). All patients were followed 12 to 76 months after hepatectomy (mean 23.5 +/- 16.3 months). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall cumulative survival rates of the 252 patients in this series were 80%, 54.3%, and 34.2%, respectively. The cumulative intrahepatic recurrence rates were 46.5%, 64.9%, and 72.9% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The mean disease-free survival time was longest in group C-HCC and shortest in group BC-HCC (p = 0.020). The overall survival time and cumulative survival rates in the four groups were not significantly different (p = 0.146).
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PMID:Surgical results in patients with hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. 1205 31

Ninety individuals (76 males and 14 females) were classified into four groups. G1 (Control) included 20 healthy individuals. G2 (Chronic hepatitis) included 20 patients, G3 (Liver cirrhosis group) included 30 patients, and G4 (HCC) included 20 patients with HCC. All groups were subjected to clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, complete blood picture, HCV antibodies, HBs Ag, and function tests (total and direct bilirubin, total plasma proteins and albumin, prothrombin time and concentration, and liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP). Patients of G3 & 4 were classified according to Child-Pugh classification into A. B and C. Upper endoscopic examination was done for 36/50 patients with chronic hepatitis or HCC. Circulating VEGF levels were determined by ELISA. There was a statistically high significant levels of circulating VEGF in G1, 2 & 3 than in the controls. A statistically significant higher level of circulating VEGF in G4 than in G3 & G4, and a statistically negative significant between VEGF levels and platelet count in G2. No significant correlation between VEGF and the grade of esophageal varices in G3 & G4. and no significant correlation between VEGF and upper GIT bleeding or spider naevi (vascular skin changes) in G2. A statistically significant was in correlation between VEGF and degree of hepatic dysfunction.
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PMID:Vascular endothelial growth factor level in chronic liver diseases. 1251 23


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