UMLS:C0345904 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To elucidate the phenotype of the blood vessels and the expression of the growth factors involved in angiogenesis in metastatic liver cancers, we carried out an immunohistochemical study of 57 surgically resected livers with metastatic cancer. Blood vessels in the metastatic liver cancers frequently expressed von Willebrand factor (vWF), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I)-binding sites, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), type IV collagen and laminin. Sinusoidal endothelial cells around the metastatic liver cancers were positive for vWF in 33.3% of the specimens examined and for UEA I in 28.1%. alpha-SMA-positive perisinusoidal cells accumulated in the vicinity of the metastatic liver cancers in 68.4% of the specimens. Type IV collagen was detected in the perisinusoidal space close to the metastatic cancers as well as distant from them (91.2%). Laminin was detected in the perisinusoidal space in only one specimen (1.8%). Tumour cells of the metastatic liver cancers were positive for vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in 78.9%, 38.4% and 7.0% of the specimens, respectively. Hepatocytes close to the metastatic liver cancers expressed bFGF more strongly than those distant from the metastatic liver cancers, and their expression of bFGF was more intense than that in the tumour cells. These results suggest that: (1) tumour vessels in metastatic liver cancers consist of endothelium, basement membrane and pericytes, (2) the sinusoids adjacent to tumours undergo capillarization, and (3) vascular endothelial growth factor may contribute to angiogenesis in metastatic liver cancer. Basic fibroblast growth factor may be responsible for the sinusoidal capillarization and the peritumoral fibrosis.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of tumour vessels in metastatic liver cancers and the surrounding liver tissue. 881 92

Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be involved in neovascularization of malignant tumors. Our aim was to determine whether there is an increased VEGF mRNA expression in liver from patients with HCC and premalignant hepatitis C virus (HCV) with differing severity of inflammation. VEGF mRNA (VEGF165, VEGF189) was detected by reverse transcription and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification in all liver samples. There was no difference in VEGF mRNA expression ratios (corrected for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) among three groups: steatohepatitis, as a non-malignant non-viral control, 1. 05+/-0.35, n=8; chronic hepatitis C, 0.86+/-0.27, n=18; hepatocellular carcinoma, 1.06+/-0.43, n=10. VEGF mRNA expression was independent of the severity of HCV inflammation estimated by the histological activity index: low HAI (</=4, n=8) vs. high HAI (>/=10, n=10), 0.93+/-0.31 vs. 0.81+/-0.24, p=ns. There was no significant difference in mean VEGF expression between HCC tumor (1.06+/- 0.43) and adjacent tissue (0. 85+/-0.42) although the tumors tended to have higher expression than adjacent non-malignant tissues. In conclusion, all liver samples of steatohepatitis, chronic HCV infection and HCC expressed VEGF mRNA, VEGF mRNA may be uniformly expressed in liver tissue, the level of expression is probably not related to virus infection or the severity of inflammation. Other angiogenic or angiostatic factors might be more involved in angiogenesis in HCC.
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PMID:Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor mRNA expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma. 991 13

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor is used widely as an antihypertensive agent, and it has been suggested recently that it decreases the risk of cancer (A. F. Lever et al., Lancet, 352: 179-184, 1998). In this study, we examined the effect of several ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT(1)-R) antagonists on tumor development and angiogenesis in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model. Among ACE inhibitors, perindopril appeared to be a potent inhibitor of tumor development and angiogenesis, whereas AT(1)-R antagonists did not exert such an inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effect of perindopril was achieved even on established tumors. The level of the potent angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the tumor was significantly suppressed by perindopril. In vitro studies showed that perindopril-derived active form, perindoprilat, suppressed the endothelial cell tubule formation. Perindoprilat treatment also significantly inhibited VEGF mRNA expression in BNL-HCC cells in vitro. These results showed that the ACE inhibitor perindopril inhibited tumor development and angiogenesis independent from AT(1)-R blockage, and that VEGF alternation may be involved in the mechanism of this inhibitory effect. Because perindopril is widely used in clinical practice, it may represent an effective new strategy for anticancer therapy.
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PMID:The angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis: possible role of the vascular endothelial growth factor. 1130 59

AIM:To investigate the predictors for recurrence or metastasis of HCC, and to evaluate the effect of antiangiogenic therapy on the growth of transplantable human HCC in nude mice.METHODS:RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 56 pairs of nontumorous liver and tumor samples. Sixty blood samples from human HCC were examined by nested RT-PCR to find out AFP mRNA. Recombinant human endostatin and polyclonal antibody against VEGF were administered to treat human HCC transplanted in nude mice.RESULTS:Thirty of 56 HCC samples showed stronger expression of MMP9 in tumorous tissues than in nontumorous tissues. Fifteen of the 26 patients with relative expression level of MMP-9 more than 0.34 developed tumor recurrence or metastasis, whereas only 7 of 30 patients with relative expression level less than 0.34 developed tumor recurrence (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the relative expression level of VEGF between patients with postoperative recurrence or metastasis and those without recurrence. AFP mRNA was detectable in 53.3% of patients with HCC. The sensitivity and specificity of AFP mRNA as a marker to detect hematogenous dissemination of HCC cells was 81.8% and 84.4%, respectively. Recombinant human endostatin and polyclonal antibody against VEGF inhibited the growth of transplantable HCC in nude mice by 52.2% and 45.7%, respectively.CONCLUSION: MMP-9 expression in HCC correlates with the postoperative recurrence or metastasis of HCC. Patients with high level of MMP-9 expression in HCC are susceptible to metastasis.AFP mRNA could serve as an indicator of hematogenous spreading of HCC cells in circulation and a predictor of recurrence or metastasis of HCC. Antiangiogenesis may be an adjuvant therapy for HCC.
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PMID:Recurrence or metastasis of HCC:predictors, early detection and experimental antiangiogenic therapy. 1181 24

Mutational inactivation of BRCA1 confers increased risk for breast cancer. However, the underlying basis for the breast tissue-restricted, tumor-suppressive properties of BRCA1 remains poorly defined. Here, we show that BRCA1 and the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) modulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription and secretion in breast cancer cells. ER-alpha interacted in vitro and in vivo with BRCA1, and this interaction was mediated by the AF-2 domain of ER-alpha and two domains of BRCA1, the amino-acid residues 1-306 and 428-683. Endogenous interaction of ER-alpha with BRCA1 was observed in normal MCF-10A breast epithelial cells and in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D), and this interaction was significantly reduced in the presence of estrogen. Furthermore, ER-alpha induced activation of VEGF gene transcription, using human VEGF promoter-luciferase reporter constructs. The AF-2 domain of ER-alpha was also shown to induce VEGF gene transcription activation similar to that obtained with the full-length ER-alpha. However, in the presence of BRCA1, VEGF gene transcription activation and VEGF protein secretion were significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The BRCA1 domain of 1-683 amino acid residues was required for this inhibition of VEGF gene transcription activation. Three mutated forms of BRCA1 (A1708E, M1775R and Y1853X), that have been identified in familial breast cancers, failed to associate with ER-alpha and to suppress VEGF promoter activity and VEGF protein secretion. Overexpression of wild-type BRCA1 in HCC-1937 breast cancer cells that lack endogenous functional BRCA1 significantly reduced VEGF secretion in these cells. These results demonstrate a novel pathogenic mechanism whereby mutations in BRCA1, via their interaction with ER-alpha, could promote tumorigenesis through the hormonal regulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and impaired VEGF function, which may lead to cancer growth and angiogenesis.
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PMID:Direct interaction between BRCA1 and the estrogen receptor regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcription and secretion in breast cancer cells. 1240 15

Metastatic liver cancer has a very poor prognosis and lacks effective therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapies, which starve tumors of blood supply, have proven to be effective in preclinical models because tumor growth is angiogenesis dependent. However, long-term, high-level, and sustained expression of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as angiostatin, is necessary to prevent dormant tumors from becoming active again. To achieve this objective, we engineered a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding mouse angiostatin, an endogenous inhibitor of tumor vascularization. After intraportal delivery of this vector, high-level, stable transgene expression of angiostatin lasting for at least 6 months was observed locally in hepatocytes. Gene transfer of AAV-angiostatin via the portal vein led to significant suppression of the growth of both nodular and metastatic EL-4 lymphoma tumors established in the liver and prolonged the survival time of the mice. The growth of neovessels was inhibited significantly, and extensive apoptosis of tumor cells was observed. The anti-angiogenic activity of angiostatin was independent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The AAV-angiostatin viruses did not appear to be toxic to mice, and there was no detectable apoptosis of hepatocytes. In conclusion, these encouraging results warrant future investigation of the use of AAV-mediated anti-angiogenic gene therapy for targeting unresectable liver metastases, especially after surgical removal of primary tumors.
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PMID:Long-term expression of angiostatin suppresses metastatic liver cancer in mice. 1277 25

Transgenic and gene knock-out studies demonstrated that the mouse Forkhead Box m1 (Foxm1 or Foxm1b) transcription factor (previously called HFH-11B, Trident, Win, or MPP2) is essential for hepatocyte entry into mitosis during liver development, regeneration, and liver cancer. Targeted deletion of Foxm1 gene in mice produces an embryonic lethal phenotype due to severe abnormalities in the development of liver and heart. In this study, we show for the first time that Foxm1(-/-) lungs exhibit severe hypertrophy of arteriolar smooth muscle cells and defects in the formation of peripheral pulmonary capillaries as evidenced by significant reduction in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 staining of the distal lung. Consistent with these findings, significant reduction in proliferation of the embryonic Foxm1(-/-) lung mesenchyme was found, yet proliferation levels were normal in the Foxm1-deficient epithelial cells. Severe abnormalities of the lung vasculature in Foxm1(-/-) embryos were associated with diminished expression of the transforming growth factor beta receptor II, a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 17 (ADAM-17), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, Polo-like kinase 1, Aurora B kinase, laminin alpha4 (Lama4), and the Forkhead Box f1 transcription factor. Cotransfection studies demonstrated that Foxm1 stimulates transcription of the Lama4 promoter, and this stimulation requires the Foxm1 binding sites located between -1174 and -1145 bp of the mouse Lama4 promoter. In summary, development of mouse lungs depends on the Foxm1 transcription factor, which regulates expression of genes essential for mesenchyme proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and vasculogenesis.
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PMID:The forkhead box m1 transcription factor is essential for embryonic development of pulmonary vasculature. 1581 62

Endostatin (ED) is a carboxyl-terminal fragment of type XVIII collagen with a strong anti-angiogenic activity. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ED gene transfer into lung cancer cells on in vivo tumor growth in a murine model. The murine lung cancer cell line, Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC), was transfected with ED gene to express and secrete ED. After clones were selected to secrete ED, several stable transfectants with ED gene (LLC/ED) and control transfectants (LLC/Mock) were established. In vitro proliferation of these transfectants demonstrated similar growth speed. In contrast to previous reports, in vivo subcutaneous tumorignecity of LCC/ED transfectants was significantly greater than that of LLC/Mock transfectants. Immunohistochemical staining analysis demonstrated that ED gene transfer induced angiogenesis, suggesting coinduction of another gene implicated for neovascularization. As expected, LLC/ED transfectants secreted not only ED but also vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a much greater degree than LLC/mock transfectants. Interestingly, culture supernatants of LLC/ED cells enhanced in vitro proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to a much greater degree than those of LLC/Mock cells. These results indicate that ED gene transfer in murine lung carcinoma cells induces VEGF secretion, resulting in enhancement of in vivo tumorigenecity in the murine model. More attention should be paid for ED gene therapy into lung cancer cells since it may influence other proteins secretion, which upregulates angiogenesis.
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PMID:Endostatin gene transfer in murine lung carcinoma cells induces vascular endothelial growth factor secretion resulting in up-regulation of in vivo tumorigenecity. 1587 83

Based on literature, it is possible to hypothesize that multidrug resistance (MDR) and angiogenic phenotypes are linked to each other in human liver cancer cells. Our goal is to assess whether MDR cells trigger angiogenesis and to study the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Conditioned medium from parental drug-sensitive P5 cells (P5-CM) and MDR-positive P1(0.5) cells [P1(0.5)-CM] stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) survival, proliferation, migration, and microtubular structure formation, but P1(0.5)-CM had a significantly greater effect than P5-CM. Cell implants were done in the rabbit avascular cornea to measure angiogenesis in vivo: P1(0.5) cells induced an important neovascular response in rabbit cornea after 1 week, whereas P5 cells had no effect. P1(0.5) and P5 cells produced vascular endothelial growth factor, but only P1(0.5) secreted hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) into the medium, and small interfering RNA specific for MDR1 clearly reduced HGF production in P1(0.5) cells. The transcription factor Ets-1 and the HGF receptor c-Met were up-regulated in P1(0.5) cells and in HUVEC cultured in P1(0.5)-CM. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) seemed to play a major role in the proangiogenic effect of P1(0.5), and its inhibition by 1400W blunted the capacity of P1(0.5) cells to stimulate HUVEC proliferation, migration, and Ets-1 expression. In conclusion, these data show that development of MDR and angiogenic phenotypes are linked to each other in MDR cells. HGF production, Ets-1 and c-Met up-regulation, and iNOS expression can be part of the molecular mechanisms that enhance the angiogenic activity of the MDR-positive hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.
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PMID:Hepatocyte growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase are involved in multidrug resistance-induced angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. 1651 May 87

Despite considerable efforts no ideal treatment exists for HCC. The disease is usually detected late and few patients are candidates for potentially curative treatment options such as surgical resection or liver transplantation. Surgical resection is limited mostly by the impaired liver function in cirrhotic livers, whereas liver transplantation is limited by tumor size, multi-localized disease and, most important, by shortage of donor organs. TACE as a local ablative treatment is able to induce local disease control and to prolong survival and might even achieve survival similar to surgical resection. The high rates of recurrence of HCC after successful control of local tumor spread is the reason to consider that procedure as a non-curative treatment option. PEI and RFA are able to control local tumor growth, but cannot influence tumor recurrence or de novo tumor growth. Systemic therapies need to be investigated in large randomized trials, especially to evaluate the use of somatostain analogues, HMGCoA reductase inhibitors, or other drugs such as rapamycin or inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma--rising incidence, changing therapeutic strategies. 1693 43

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