Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The stability of nine viruses, Aujeszky, Sindbis, Vesicular Stomatitis, Newcastle Disease, Vaccinia, FMD, HCC, Reo and Teschen virus in drinking and surface water was investigated comparatively at temperatures of 9 and 15 degrees C as well as the influence of water factors like seasonal difference in temperature, pH value, hardness and sort of water. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. At temperatures of 9 to 15 degrees C the majority of the viruses remained stabil in natural water for an astonishing long time. 2. Starting with virus concentration of about 10(4) infectious units per ml Teschen, Vaccinia, Reo, HCC and ND virus could mostly be demonstrated in water longer than 200 days and FMD, Aujeszky, Vesicular Stomatitis and Sindbis virus for 20 to 50 days on average at 9 degrees C. The stability of the viruses investigated decreased in water in the named turn. 3. Based on these results it can be assumed that under natural conditions with very low virus content of some particles the labile viruses such as Toga, Herpes, Rhabdo and pH labile Picorna remain infectious in water for some days. They should not have any importance as water contaminants. More resistant viruses like Paramyxo may keep infectious for weeks and very stabile viruses such as Entero, Reo, Adeno and Pox viruses several weeks to months. 4. As to factors temperature, pH, hardness and sort of water-within the naturally differing range-only the temperature and only in the case of less resistant viruses showed significant influence on the virus stability in water.
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PMID:[Stability in drinking and surface water of nine virus species from different genera (author's transl)]. 1 60

Administration of 40 ppm diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in the drinking water for 10 weeks to male Fischer rats led to hepatocellular carcinoma in 100 percent with metastasis to the lung in 40 percent, of the animals living for the full experimental period of 20 weeks. Concurrent feeding of phenobarbital and DENA for 10 weeks produced cancer of the liver in 77 percent of the animals, but only 9 percent had metastases in the lung. A brief regimen of DENA for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of observation, induced cancer of the liver in only 13 percent of the rats. Administration of phenobarbital, begun 1 week after cessation of DENA intake and terminated at week 20, led to liver cancer in 64 percent of the rodents. Hydroxyurea had no effect on this enhancement. Treatment with a purified gamma fraction of antilymphocytic serum after the DENA did not influence the outcome. Thus phenobarbital given together with DENA reduced the severity of the carcinogenic process, but when it was given after the hepatocarcinogen, it increased the effect.
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PMID:Modification of diethylnitrosamine liver carcinogenesis with phenobarbital but not with immunosuppression. 16 10

The suitability for field use of heating up to 80 degrees C and adding six different virucidal chemicals for decontamination of drinking and surface water was investigated using the viruses of Polio (vaccine strain), ECBO, Reo, bovine Parvo, HCC, Pseudorabies, ND and Vaccinia. The Parvovirus (concentration 10(5) TCID50/ml) heated to 80 degrees C could not be inactivated completely in drinking water within one hour; the Reovirus could after one hour only at 60 degrees C. The other viruses used lost their infectivity at 56 degrees C within 60 minutes or at 60 degrees C within 20 minutes respectively. Heating therefore seems to be too circumstantial a method for viral decontamination of water and unreliable under field conditions. As to the chemical water additives tested, chloramine-T, hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide proved to be unsuitable in spite of virucidal activity. The amount of their concentration necessary for reliable virus inactivation makes the water unfit for drinking. Iodine, a calcium hypochlorite sample and potassium permanganate were useful. Because of its constant reaction in drinking water together with additional advantages, iodination of water would seem to be the best method at present for viral water decontamination usable under field conditions.
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PMID:[Studies on inactivation of viruses in drinking and surface water. A contribution to the decontamination of water by field methods (author's transl)]. 61 Feb 55

A case-control study of primary liver cancer (PLC) was conducted in 1989 at Fusui County, Guangxi Province. There were 99 PLC cases and 99 age-sex-residence matched controls. There were no difference of age, sex, race, cultural, level, marital status and annual income distribution (P > 0.05). The mean dietary AFB1 intakes of cases and controls were 117.72 + 105.68 mg/d, the mean outputs of AFM1 were 22.56 and 21.62 ng per morning urine respectively. The mean sera aflatoxin-albumin adducts in both groups were 24.96 and 18.72 pg per mg albumin respectively. These indicators were of no statistical significance. Conditional Logistic regression showed that HBV infection (OR = 5.33), drinking pond-ditch water (OR = 3.70), family history of PLC (OR = 2.88), and total alcohol intakes (OR = 1.002) were statistically significant as risk factors (P > 0.05) rather than aflatoxins. This may be due to the fact that the samples selected in hyperendemic area both took high quantities of aflatoxin.
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PMID:[Aflatoxins and primary liver cancer--a population based case-control study]. 130 45

Of 210 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 135), metastatic liver cancer (n = 71) and cholangiocarcinoma (n = 4) who underwent intra-arterial infusion of adriamycin and/or mitomycin C oil suspension (ADMOS) and cisplatin, and both regimens, pyogenic liver abscess occurred in seven (3.3%). The percentages of abscess formation in the respective types of liver cancer were 0.8, 7.0 and 25%. These differences among the three types of liver cancer were attributed to the volume of the tumor vascular beds to be embolized, which might determine the relative amount or regional Lipiodol retention in the tumor and normal liver tissue. Four of seven patients with hepatic abscess had received the intra-arterial infusion of ADMOS, and their angiographic findings showed sequential decreases in the vascular beds of the tumor in comparison with those of previous infusion procedures; all had hypovascular liver tumors angiographically. We have never experienced this complication in other treatments such as embolization of the hepatic arteries and intra-arterial infusion of water-soluble anticancer drugs alone. These results suggest that the most important factor leading to abscess formation is the ischemic destruction of the intrahepatic ducts secondary to occlusion of the peribiliary arterial plexus by Lipiodol and/or the direct effects of anticancer drugs on these vessels. To avoid this complication, the volume of Lipiodol used for intraarterial infusion therapy should be carefully determined, especially when the patient has hypovascular tumors of the liver and a history of multiple previous intraarterial infusion procedures of anticancer drug. The use of ADMOS should be avoided in patients with hypovascular tumors of the liver such as secondary deposits and cholangiocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Liver abscess formation after treatment of liver cancer by arterial injection using adriamycin/mitomycin C oil suspension (ADMOS)]. 131 61

In an experiment with Wistar rats the question of whether oral vitamin C application has a protective effect in liver carcinogenesis caused by N-nitrosodiethylamine in drinking water (n = 104) was studied. When comparing four groups (without carcinogen, with carcinogen and carcinogen plus vitamin C alternately and concomitantly) significant statistical differences in the linear regression were noted. Ninety per cent of the rats developed hepatocellular carcinomas when only carcinogen was administered whereas the rate with additional administration of vitamin C alternately and concomitantly was 68% and 55%, respectively. Without carcinogen no tumour developed. The results suggest that vitamin C may delay the development of liver cancer upon oral administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine. The explanation for this fact is still hypothetical.
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PMID:Potential protective effect of vitamin C on carcinogenesis caused by nitrosamine in drinking water: an experimental study on Wistar rats. 131 51

In order to compare risk of various internal organ cancers induced by ingested inorganic arsenic and to assess the differences in risk between males and females, cancer potency indices were calculated using mortality rates among residents in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism on the southwest coast of Taiwan, and the Armitage-Doll multistage model. Based on a total of 898,806 person-years as well as 202 liver cancer, 304 lung cancer, 202 bladder cancer and 64 kidney cancer deaths, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between arsenic level in drinking water and mortality of the cancers. The potency index of developing cancer of the liver, lung, bladder and kidney due to an intake of 10 micrograms kg day of arsenic was estimated as 4.3 x 10(-3), 1.2 x 10(-2), 1.2 x 10(-2), and 4.2 x 10(-3), respectively, for males; as well as 3.6 x 10(-3), 1.3 x 10(-2), 1.7 x 10(-2), and 4.8 x 10(-3), respectively, for females in the study area. The multiplicity of inorganic arsenic-induced carcinogenicity without showing any organotropism deserves further investigation.
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PMID:Cancer potential in liver, lung, bladder and kidney due to ingested inorganic arsenic in drinking water. 141 32

The clinic use of streptonigrin (114B), a highly active antitumor antibiotic, is limited by its detrimental effects on normal tissues. In an attempt to improve its specificity streptonigrin was conjugated to anti-human hepatoma monoclonal antibody 3A5 by four different chemical linkage methods. The first method was via water-soluble carbodiimide (EDCI) to create conjugates (1); in the second, an active ester of streptonigrin was applied as a reactive intermediate (2); and in the other two, spacers were put to use for coupling streptonigrin to McAb 3A5-Dextran T-40 (3) or McAb 3A5-bovin serum albumin (BSA) (4). The conjugates showed biological activities and UV spectral characteristics of streptonigrin and 3A5. As determined by clonogenic assay with human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells for 1 hour exposure, the IC50 for conjugate (2), conjugate (3) and streptonigrin were 0.355 ng/ml, 1.23 ng/ml and 22.4 ng/ml, respectively. The potency of conjugates (2) and (3) were 63-fold and 18-fold stronger than that of free streptonigrin. Clonogenic assay with KB cells which weakly react with 3A5 by Elisa showed that the potency of conjugate (2) and (3) were 11-fold and 13-fold weaker than free streptonigrin, respectively. The results suggest that the conjugates of McAb 3A5 and streptonigrin show specific cytotoxicity to target liver cancer cails. The linkage groups of streptonigrin were also discussed.
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PMID:[Preparation and biological activities of monoclonal antibody-streptonigrin immunoconjugates]. 144 81

As part of The Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study (designed to protect children from hepatitis and therefore liver cancer when adults), researchers took blood samples from at least 291 families of 293 index children from Brikama in the western region and 2 neighboring health centers in the Upper River Division (URD) in the eastern area of The Gambia who had received the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine to examine vaccine response in infants in relation to the pattern of HBV infection in their families. 1 family member tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in at least 30% of the children. The researchers did not find a correlation between the level of antibody in the index children and the HBsAg status of the family. 23% of families in Brikama had at least 1 HBsAg positive member compared to 37% in URD (p=.01). Even though no association existed between child's response to the vaccine and type of dwelling, an association did exist between HBsAg positive family members and type of dwelling. 35% of families who lived in a house constructed of mud or grass had at least 1 HbsAG positive family member whereas only 19.7% who lived in a concrete house had at least 1 HBsAg positive family member (p.02). Further, 40.8% of families who lived under a thatched roof had at least 1 HbsAg positive family member compared to 24.8% who had a corrugated roof (p.02). The researchers suggested that houses constructed of mud or grass or with a thatched roof may harbor more insects which transmit HBV. The socioeconomic factors of sanitation and water supply did not contribute to HBV infection. They concluded that the HBV status of a child's family did not affect his/her response to the vaccine. Therefore the vaccine protects children at high risk of becoming HBV carriers.
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PMID:Response to hepatitis B vaccine in relation to the hepatitis B status of family members. 183 53

A quasi-historical cohort study method was used to collect the data of male stomach and liver cancer death from 1984 to 1988 in male residents (> or = 30 years old) of three tap-water-drinking communities at the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Huangpu River. Total person-years observed are 184,645. The result shows that the world standard population standardized cut-off mortalities (> or = 30 years old) of male stomach and liver cancer increase gradually from the upper to lower reaches. The mortalities from the upper to the lower reaches are 62.7, 86.2 and 146.0/100,000 person-years for male stomach cancer and 56.9, 67.7 and 81.3/100,000 person-years for male liver cancer, respectively. This trend is consistent with the change of the rate of positive Ames Test results of drinking water from the upper to lower reaches (0, 70, 100%). It suggests that a causal correlation may exist between the two. The distribution of other possible risk factors in the three communities is also described.
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PMID:Pilot study on the relationship between male stomach and liver cancer death and mutagenicity of drinking water in the Huangpu River area. 184 70


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